EBEVEYNLERİN BEDEN EĞİTİMİ DERSİ VE DERS DIŞI SPORTİF ETKİNLİKLERE YÖNELİK TUTUMLARI

Öz

Eğitimin vazgeçilmez unsuru olan beden eğitimi dersi, öğrencilerin sadece fiziksel açıdan gelişimleri sağlamakla kalmayıp; onların bilişsel, sosyal, duygusal gelişimlerinde de önemli rol üstlenmektedir. Örgün eğitimden arda kalan zamanlarda beden eğitimi dersinde temelleri atılan bilgi ve beceriler; belirli plan ve program dahilinde uzmanlar eşliğinde gerçekleştirilen ders dışı sportif etkinlikle daha anlamlı hale gelmektedir. Ders dışı sportif etkinlikler beden eğitimi dersinin tamamlayıcısı niteliğinde işlev görmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı beden eğitimi dersi ve ders dışı spor etkinliklere yönelik ebeveynlerin tutumlarını belirlemektir. Araştırma nicel araştırma yaklaşımından ilişkisel tarama modeli ile tasarlanmıştır. Araştırma grubunu Kırıkkale İl merkezindeki farklı liselerde Anadolu Lisesi, Fen Lisesi, Spor Lisesi, Güzel Sanatlar Lisesi ve sınıf seviyelerinde 9, 10, 11 ve 12 öğrenim gören öğrencilerin ebeveynleri oluşturmuştur. Veriler Yılmaz ve Güven 2015 tarafından geliştirilen “Ders Dışı Sportif Etkinliklere Yönelik Ebeveyn Tutum Ölçeği” ve Öncü ve Güven 2011 tarafından geliştirilen “ Ana Babalar İçin Beden Eğitimi Dersi Tutum Ölçeği” ölçme araçları aracılığıyla elde edilmiştir. Veri analizinde t-testi, Tek yönlü varyans analizi, basit doğrusal regresyon analizi ve Pearson Correlation testi kullanılmıştır. Ölçme araçlarının yapı geçerliğine kanıt için Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak beden eğitimi dersi ders dışı sportif etkinliklerin yordayıcısıdır. Ders dışı sportif etkinliklerin %41.1’ini beden eğitimi dersi açıklamaktadır. Ebeveynlerin beden eğitimi dersi ve ders dışı sportif etkinliklere yönelik tutumları eğitim durumuna göre farklılık göstermezken; spor yapma durumu, çocukların okudukları sınıf seviyesi ve okul türüne göre farklılık göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tutum,Beden Eğitimi Dersi,Ders Dışı Sportif Etkinlik,Ebeveyn

ATTITUDES TOWARDS PHYSICAL EDUCATION COURSE AND EXTRACURRICULAR SPORT ACTIVITIES OF PARENTS

Öz

The physical education course, which is an indispensable element of education, does not only provide students with the development of physical aspects; they also play an important role in their cognitive, social and emotional development. The knowledge and skills that are based on physical education course during formal education are becoming more meaningful with extracurricular sport activities carried out in conjunction with specialists within a specific plan and program. Extracurricular sports activities function as complementary to the physical education course. The aim of this study is to determine the attitudes of parents towards physical education courseand extracurricular sports activities. The study was designed with an relational screening model from the quantitative research approach. The research group was composed of parents of students in different high schools Anatolian High School, Science High School, Sports High School, Fine Arts High School and class levels 9, 10, 11 and 12 in Kırıkkale. Data were obtained by means of "Parental Attitude Scale for Extracurricular Activities" developed by Yilmaz and Güven 2015 and "Physical Education Course Attitude Scale for Parents" developed by Öncü ve Güven 2011 . In the data analysis was used t-test, one way variance analysis, simple linear regression analysis and Pearson Correlation test. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was conducted to provide evidence of the validity of the measurement tools. As a result, physical education is a predictor of extracurricular sport activities. 41.1% of the extracurricular sports activities explain the physical education lesson. While parents' attitudes towards physical education course and extracurricular sport activities did not differ according to educational status, parent’s attitudes differed according to the sporting situation, the class level and school type of children

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Attitude,Physical education course,Extracurricular sport activity,Parent

Kaynakça

1. Anderson, J. C., Funk, J. B., Elliott, R., & Smith, P. H., Parental support an pressure and children’s extracurricular activities: Relationships with amount of involvement and affective experience of participation. Journal of Applie Developmental Psychology, 24(2), pp. 241-257, 2003.
2. Barber, B. L., Eccles, J. S., & Stone, M.R. , Whatever happened to the jock, the brain, and the princess? Young adult pathways linked to adolescent activity involvement and social identity. Journal of Adolescent Research, 16(5), pp. 429-455, 2001.
3. Barnett, L. A., Predicting youth participation in extracurricular recreational activities: Relationships with individual, parent, and family characteristics. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 26(2), pp.28-60, 2008.
4. Bartko, W. T., & Eccles, J. S., Adolescent participation instructured and unstructured activities: A person- oriented analysis. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 32(4), pp.233-241, 2003.
5. Bradley, J., Keane, F., & Crawford, S., School sport and academic achievement. The Journal of School Health, 88(3), pp.8-13, 2013.
6. Boekel, MV., Bulut, O., Stanke, L., Palma Zamora, JR., Jang, Y. Kang, Y., & Nickodem, K., Effects of participation in school sports on academic and social functioning. Psychology, 46, pp.31-40, 2018. Applied Developmental
7. Büyüköztürk, Ş., Sosyal Bilimler İçin Veri Analizi El
8. Kitabı (9.Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi. 2008.

9. Case, E., Extracurricular activity participation in elementary school children: Links to well-being and academic achievement (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from http://dc.msvu.ca:8080/xmlui/handle/10587/289 . 2007.
10. Chepyator Thomson, J. R., & Hsu, S. H., Global perspectives on physical education and after-school sport programs. United Kingdom. 2013.
11. Chiu, C.y., & Lau, E.V.H., Extracurricular participation and young children's outcomes in Hong Kong: Maternal involvement as a moderator. Children and Youth Services Review 88, pp. 476–485, 2018. 12. Coakley, J., Sports in society (Issues and Controversies). (Eighth Edition). Singapore, 2003.
12. Darling, N., Participation in extracurricular activities and adolescent longitudinal Adolescence, 34(5), pp.493-505, 2005. of and Journal Youth
13. Demirhan, G. (2006). Spor Eğitiminin Temelleri.
14. Ankara: Bağırgan, 2006. [In Turkish].
15. Diehl, K., Thiel, A., Zipfel, S., Mayer, J., Litaker, D.G., & Schneider, S., How healthy is the behavior of young athletes? A systematic literature review and meta- analyses. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 11, pp.201–220, 2016.
16. Esentürk, O.K., Tekkurşun Demir, G., Yılmaz, A., &
17. İlhan, E. L., Evaluation of the extracurricular sportive activities from the view of physical education teachers. Science, Movement and Health, 16(2), pp.599-608
18. Fantuzzo, J., Tighe, E., & Childs, S., Family involvement questionnaire: A multivariate assessment of family participation in early childhood education. Journal of Educational Psychology, 92(2), pp.367, 2000.
19. Farb, A. F., & Matjasko, J. L., Recent advances in
20. research on school-based extracurricular activities and
21. adolescent development. Developmental Review, 32(1)
22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2011.10.001. 2012. pp.1-48.
23. Fox, C., Barr-Anderson, D., Neumark-Stainer, D., & Wall, M., Physical activity and sports team participation: associations with academic outcomes in middle school and high school students. Journal of School Health, 80, pp.31-37, 2010.
24. Fredricks, J. A., Alfeld, C., & Eccles. J. S., Developing and fostering passion in academic and nonacademic domains. Gifted Child Quarterly, 54(1), pp.18-30. doi:10. 1177/0016986209352683, 2010.
25. Fredricks, J. S., & Eccles, J. A., Participation in extracurricular activities in the middle school years: are there developmental benefits for African/American and European American youth? Journal of Youth Adolecence, 10.1007/s10964-008-9309-4,2008. pp.1029-1043. doi: 22.
26. Fredricks, J. A., & Eccles, J. S., Is extracurricular
27. participation associated with beneficial outcomes?
28. Concurrent and longitudinal relations. Developmental Psychology, http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.42.4.698,2006. pp.698-713. 23.
29. Fredricks, J. A., & Eccles, J. S., Breadth of
30. extracurricular participation and adolescent adjustment
31. among African-American and European-American
32. youth. Journal of Research on Adolescence (Wiley- Blackwell), org/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2009.00627.x,2010. pp.307-333. http://dx.doi.
33. Gore, S., Farrell, F., & Gordon, J., Sports involvement as protection against depressed mood. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 11, pp.119-130,2001
34. Guerremont, A., Findlay, L., & Kohen, D., Organized extracurricular activities: Are in-school and out-of- school activities associated with different outcomes for Canadian Youth? Journal of School Health, 84(5), pp.317-325,2014.
35. Guest, A. M., & McRee, N., A school-level analysis of adolescent extracurricular activity, delinquency, and depression: The importance of situational context. Journal of youth and adolescence, 38(1), pp.51- 62,2009.
36. Güllü M., Güçlü M., Ortaöğretim öğrencileri için beden
37. eğitimi dersi tutum ölçeği geliştirmesi, Niğde Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(2), pp.829-839,2009. [In Turkish].
38. Hoyle, R. H., & Leff, S. S., The Role of parental involvement performance. Adolescence. Spring. 32(125), pp.233- 243,1997. sport participation and
39. Hughes, JN., Im, MH., & Allee, PJ., Effect of school belonging trajectories in grades 6–8 on achievement: Gender and ethnic differences. Journal of School Psychology, 53(6), pp.493-507,2015.
40. Huebner, A. J., & Mancini, J. A., Shaping structured out-of-school time use among youth: The effects of self, family, and friend systems. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 32(6), pp.453-463,2003.
41. Im, M. H., Hughes, J. N., Cao, Q., & Kwok, O., Effects of extracurricular participation during middle school on academic motivation and achievement at grade 9. American Educational Research Journal, 53(5), pp.1343–1375,2016. 3102/0002831216667479. http://dx.doi.org/10.
42. Ivaniushina, V. A. & Aleksandrov, D. A., Socialization through informal education: The Extracurricular Activities Education & Society, 57(4), pp.189-213, 2015.
43. Schoolchildren. Russian
44. Karasar, N., Bilimsel Arastırma Yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel
45. Yayınevi,2005.[In Turkish].
46. Knifsend, C. A., & Graham, S., Too much of a good thing? How breadth of extracurricular participation relates to school-related affect and academic outcomes during Adolescence, 41(3), pp.379-389,2012. Journal of Youth and
47. Kotan, Ç., Hergüner, G., & Yaman, Ç., İlköğretim okullarında okuyan sporcu yapmalarında okul ve aile faktörünün etkisi (Sakarya İli Örneği). Niğde Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(1), pp.49-58,2009. [In Turkish].
48. Köse, E., Eğitim kurumlarında gerçekleştirilen ders dışı
49. etkinliklerin sınıflandırılmasına yönelik bir öneri. Uluslar arası Türkçe Edebiyat Kültü,r Eğitim Dergisi, 2(2), pp.336-353, 2013. [In Turkish]. 37.
50. Lau, E. Y. H., & Cheng, D. W., An exploration of
51. the participation of kindergarten aged Hong Kong
52. children in extra curricular activities. Journal of Early
53. Childhood Research, 14(3), pp.294–309, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1476718x14552873.
54. Larson, R. W., Richards, M. H., Sims, B., & Dworkin, J., How urban African American young adolescents spend their time: Time budgets for locations, activities, and companionship. American Journal of Community Psychology, 29(4), pp.565-597, 2001.
55. Lisha, N. E., & Sussman, S., Relationship of high school and college sports participation with alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use: A review. Addictive Behaviours, 35, pp.399-407, 2010.
56. Mahoney, JL., Larson, RW., Eccles, JS., & Lord, H. , Organized activities as developmental contexts for children and adolescents, 2005.
57. Masia, J. R., Plaza, D. M., Gonzalez, V. H., Deltell, C. J., &Rorıguez, J. C., Parental attitudes towards extracurricular physical and sports activity in school- age children. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 3(8), pp.861-876,2013.
58. Mays, D., Gatti, M. E., & Thompson, N. J., Sports participation and alcohol use among adolescents: the impact of measurement and other research design elements. Current Drug Abuse Reviews, 4(2), pp.98– 109, 2001.
59. Metsäpelto, R. L., & Pulkkinen, L., Socioemotional
60. behavior and school achievement in relation to extracurricular activity participation in middle childhood. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 56(2), pp.167-182,2012.
61. Morgan, P. J., Saunders, K. L. & Lubans, D. R., Improving physical self‐perception in adolescent boys from disadvantaged schools: Psychological outcomes from the physical activity leaders randomized controlled trial. Pediatric Obesity, 7(3), pp.27-32,2012.
62. Öncü, E., & Güven, Ö., Beden eğitimi dersine yönelik ana
63. baba tutum ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi. Niğde
64. Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi
65. (3), pp.184-195, 2011. [In Turkish].
66. Öztürk H., & Abakay U., Research of attitudes of the
67. students studying in schools of physical education and
68. sport toward disabled kids. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise
69. 15314/TJSE.201439683, pp.66-68,2014. Doi
70. Öztürk, H., Yılgın, A., Peksayılır, G., & Yılmaz Öztürk, Z., Attitude
71. s of parents to children’s participation in
72. physical education classes. European Journal of
73. Physical Education and Sport Science, 3(1), pp.72- 82,2017.
74. Peguero, A. A., Immigrant youth involvement in school- based extracurricular activities. The Journal of Educational Research, 104(1), pp.19-27,2011.
75. Ruvalcabaa, N.A., Gallegos, A., Gonzalez, N., Extracurricular activities and group belonging as a protective factor in adolescence. Psicologia Educativa, 23, pp.45-51,2017.
76. Sarı, M., Ortaöğretim öğrencilerinin ders dışı etkinliklere katılımının incelenmesi. Kuramsal Eğitimbilim Dergisi, 5(1), pp.72-89, 2012.[In Turkish].
77. Steinberg, L., & Morris, A. S., Adolescent development. Journal of Cognitive Education and Psychology, 2(1), pp.55–87, 2001.
78. Steinmayr, R., Weidinger, AF., & Wigfield, A., Does students' grit predict their school achievement above and beyond their personality, motivation, and engagement? Contemporary Educational Psychology, 53, pp.106-122, 2018.
79. Tamer, K. & Pulur, A., Beden eğitimi ve sporda öğretim
80. yöntemleri. Ankara: Ada,2001.[In Turkish].
81. Tebliğler Dergisi., Lise beden eğitimi dersi öğretim
82. programı. Tebliğler Dergisi, 51,1998.[In Turkish].
83. Wang, M. T., & Eccles, J. S., Social support matters: Longitudinal effects of social support on three dimensions of school engagement from middle to high school. Child Development, 83(3), pp.877–895,2012.
84. Wang, M., Deng, X., & Du, X., Harsh parenting and academic achievement in Chinese adolescents: Potential mediating roles of effortful control and classroom engagement. 67, pp.16-30,2018.
85. Weidingera, RS., Weidingera, AF.,& Wigfieldb, A., Does students’ grit predict their school achievement above and beyond their personality, motivation, and engagement? Contemporary Educational Psychology 53, pp.106–122,2018.
86. Yaldız, A.S., & Özbek, O., İlköğretim okullarında beden eğitimi dersine yönelik öğrenci ve ana-baba tutumları. Kastamonu Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 26(1), 2018. [In Turkish].
87. Yılmaz, A., & Güven, Ö., Ders dışı sportif etkinliklere
88. yönelik ebeveyn tutum ölçeği. Niğde Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(2), pp.244-258,2015. [In Turkish].
89. Yılmaz, A. & Cihan, H., Okul yöneticisi, beden eğitimi
90. öğretmeni ve öğrencilerin beden eğitimi dersine ilişkin görüşleri: Nitel bir çalışma. Gazi Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 23(1), pp.9-24,2018. [In Turkish].
91. Yılmaz, A., Parent expectations towards participation to
92. extracurricular sport activity of high school students. Pedagogics Psychology Medical-Biological Problems of Physical Training and Sports, 22(4),2018.
93. Yılmaz, A., Lise öğrencilerinin ders dışı sportif
94. etkinliklere katılımlarına yönelik ebeveyn tutum ve görüşleri. (Yayımlanmamış Doktora tezi). Gazi Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara. 2016.