SPORCULARDA VE SEDANTERLERDE GLİSEROL TAKVİYESİNİN EPİNEFRİN VE KORTİZOL ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ

Yıl 2009, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 3, 160 - 168, 01.12.2009

Oktay Çakmakçı Tufan Keçeci Süleyman Patlar

Öz

Bu araştırmada, düzenli egzersiz yapan sporcularda ve sedanterlerde oral olarak verilen gliserolün Epinefrin ve Kortizol parametreleri üzerine etkisinin araştırılması amaçlandı. Araştırmada yaş ortalamaları 22.82 ± 1.49 yıl ve vücut ağırlığı ortalamaları 73.96 ± 9.16 kg olan Selçuk Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulu’nda okuyan 20 sağlıklı erkek sporcu ve diğer fakültelerde okuyan 20 sağlıklı erkek öğrenci olmak üzere toplam 40 öğrenci denek olarak kullanıldı. Denekler Sedanter grup S , Gliserol takviyeli sedanter grup GS , Egzersiz grubu E , Gliserol takviyeli egzersiz grubu GE olarak 4 gruba ayrılarak. E ve GE gruplarındaki deneklere 20 gün süresince 20m mekik koşu testi uygulandı. GS ve GE grubuna dahil olan deneklere 20 gün boyunca sabah saat 10.00’ da oral olarak 1.2 g/kg dozunda gliserol takviyesi yapıldı. Bütün deneklerden egzersiz periyoduna ve gliserol takviyesine başlamadan önce kan örnekleri alındı. Ayrıca, 20 günlük gliserol takviyesi ve egzersiz periyodundan sonra tüm gruplardan ikinci kan örnekleri alındı. 20. gün sonunda alınan ikinci kan örneklerinden sonra tüm gruplara belirtilen egzersiz testi uygulandı. Egzersiz testinin bitiminden hemen sonra üçüncü kan örnekleri alındı. Egzersizden 2 saat sonra dördüncü ve 24 saat sonra beşinci kan örnekleri alındı. Alınan kan örneklerinde belirlenen serum Epinefrin ve Kortizol düzeyleri ölçüldü. Bu parametrelere ilişkin gruplar arasındaki farklılıkların önem kontrolünde Varyans Analizi yapılarak, Duncan’ın Multiple Range testi kullanıldı. Grup içi farklılıkların tespitinde ise Wilcoxon Signed Ranks testi kullanıldı. Bu çalışmada uygulanan orta şiddetteki ve submaksimal egzersizin serum epinefrin ve kortizol düzeyleri üzerine önemli p≤0.05 bir etkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiş fakat bu egzersiz protokolü ile beraber uygulanan gliserol takviyesinin, en azından bu miktar ve sürede serum epinefrin ve kortizol düzeyleri üzerine önemli bir etkisinin olmadığı söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gliserol, Egzersiz, Epinefrin, Kortizol

SPORTSMENS AND SEDANTARY TO EFFECTS OF GLYCEROL SUPPLEMENTATION ON EPİNEPHRİNE AND CORTİSOL

Öz

A recent scientific research aimed to explain the effects of the glycerol supplement on the levels of epinephrine and kortisole parameters of sedentary individuals and some sportsmen who exercise regularly. In the research, forty students with an average age of 22.82 ± 1.49 year and an average weight of 73.96 ± 9.16 kg, who still study at the Physical Education and Sport Collage and the other faculties, were used as subjects. Subjects were they were as follows: 1. the group of sedentary, 2. the group of sedentary supplemented with glycerol, 3. the group of exercise, 4. the group of exercise supplemented with glycerol. The test of shuttle and run of 20 meters was applied to subjects in the groups E and GE within twenty days time. Subjects of the groups GS and GE were supplemented orally with the dose of 1.2 g/kg of glycerol at ten o’clock every morning within the period of twenty days. At the same time, samples of blood were taken from all the subjects before these tests. Besides, samples of blood were taken again after the tests. At the and of this period of time, the specified exercise tests were applied to all groups after the second blood test. After the exercise test, samples of blood were taken from the subjects the third time. Then, the samples of blood were taken from them two hours after the exercises the fourth time and also twenty four hours after the same exercises the fifth time again. The levels of serum epinephrine and also cortisole parameters available were measured. Having applied Variance Analysis regarding the importance control of differences of parameters among the groups, Duncan’s test of Multiple Range was applied. In addition to that, the test of Wilcoxon Signed Ranks was used to determine the differences within every group. In the meantime, accordingly, it was clearly understood that the average submaximal exercises applied in this work had a profound P

Anahtar Kelimeler

Glycerol, Exercise, Epinephrine, Cortisole

Kaynakça

• Bahr R, Hostmark AT, Newsholme EA, Gronnerod O, Sejersted OM. Effect of Exercise on Recovery Changes in Plasma Levels of FFA. Glycerol, Glucose Acta Physiol Scand 1991;143: 105-115.
• Bocqueraz O, Koulmann N, Guigas B, Jimenez C, Melin B. Fluid-Regulatory Hormone Responses During Cycling Exercise in Acute Hypobaric Hypoxia, Medicine Science in Sports Exercise 2004;36:1730-1736.
• Daly W, Seegers CA, Rubin DA, Dobridge JD, Haekney AC. Relationship Between Stres Hormones and Testosterone with Prolonged Endurance Exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2005; 93:375-380.
• Darleen AS, Kathleen SM. Gender Differences in the Endocrine and Metabolic Responses to Hypoxic Exercise. J Appl Physiol 2002; 92:504-512.
• Djurhuus CB, Gravholt CH, Nielsen S, Mengel A, Christiansen JS, Schmitz OE, Meller N. Effects of Cortisol on Lipolysis and Regional interstital Glycerol Levels in Human. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2002;283:172-177.
• Gozansky WS, Lynn JS, Laudenslager ML, Kohrt WM. Salivary Cortisol Determined by Enzyme Immunoassay is Preferable to Serum Total Cortisol for Assessment of Dynamic Hypothalamic-Pituitary- Adrenal Axis Activity. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2005; 63:336-341.
• Güneş R. Egzersiz Hormonal Uyumlar. I. Klinik Spor Hekimliği Sempozyumu Ankara 1995;76-97.
• Karbek K. Biyoloj., Ant Yayınları, Ankara;1990. p 84.
• Kinugawa, T, Ogino K, Kitamura H, Saitoh M, Omadani H, Osaki S, Hisatome İ, Miyakoda H. Catecholamines, Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron System and Atrial Natriuretic Peptide at Rest and During Submaximal Exercise in Patiens With Congestive. America Journal of teh Medical Science 1996;312:110-117.
• Kjaer M. Adrenal Medulla and Exercise Training. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1998;77:195-199.
• Kokalas N, Tsalis G, Tsigilis N, Mougios V. Hormonal Responses to Three Training Protocols in Rowing. Eur J Appl Physiol 2004;92:128-132.
• Maimoum L, Manetta J, Couret I, Dupuy AM, Mariano-Goulart D, Micallef JP, Peruchon E, Rossi M. The Intensty Level of Physical Exercise and the Bone Metabolisim Responge. Int J Sports Med 2006;27:105-111.
• Markas P, Koukoulis GN, Bourikas G, Papatheodorou G, Bedevis K, Menounos P, Pappas D, Kartalis G. Effect of 4 Weeks of Basic Military Training on Peripheral Blood Leucocytes and Urinary Excretion of Catecholamines and Cortisol. J Sports Sci 2005;23:825-834.
• Murray R, Eddy DE, Paul GL, Seifert JG, Halaby GA. Physiological Responses to Glycerol Ingestion During Exercis. Am Physiological Soc 1991; 1:144-149.
• Noyan A. Yaşamda ve Hekimlikte Fizyoloj:, Meteksan A.Ş, Ankara; 1998. p 591-977.
• Özdamar K. Paket Programları ile İstatiksel Veri Analizi; Anadolu Ünv Yayınları, No.1001, Eskişehir; 1997. p 112.
• Pequignot JM, Peyrin L, Peres G. Catecholamine-Fuel Interrelatıonships During Exercise in Fasting Men. J Appl Physiol 1980;48:109-113.
• Robergs RA, Griffin SE. Glycerol. Biochemistry, Pharmacokinetics and Clinical and Practical Applicaiıons. Sports Medicine 1998;84: 145-67.
• Rodriguez MR, Edward FC. Effects of Plasma Epinephrine on Fat Metabolism During Exercise: Interactıons with Exercise. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2000;278: 669-676.
• Shirreffs SM, Armstrong LE, Cheuvront SN. Fluid and Electrolyte Needs for Preparation and Recovery from Training and Competition. Journal Sports Science 2004;22:57-63.
• Stich V, Glisezinski I, Crampes F, Suljkovicova H, Galitzky J, Riviere D, Hejnova J, Lafontan M, Berlan M. Activation of Antilipolytic α2 – Adrenergic Receptor by Epinephrine During Exercise in Human Adipose Tissue. Journal Applied Physiol 1999;277:1076-1083.
• Tabata I, Ogita F, Miyachi M, Shibayama H. Effect of Low Blood Glucose on Plasma CRF, ACTH and Cortisol During Prolonged Physical Exercise. J Appl Physiol 1991;71: 1807-1812.
• Thomas JC, Gail F, Panagiota K. Effects of Physical Activity, Body Fat and Salivary Cortisol on Mucosal Immunity in Children. J Appl Physiol 2003;95:2315-2320.
• Tremblay MS, Copeland H, Van Helder W. Influence of Exercise Duratıon on Post-Exercise Steroid Hormone Response in Trained Males. Eur J Appl Physiol 2005;94:505-513.
• Ünal M. Aerobik ve Anaerobik Akut/Kronik Egzersizlerin Immun Parametreler Üzerindeki Etkileri. İ.Ü. Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbu: 1998, s 20l.
• Wagner DR. Hyperhydratıon with Glycerol; Implications for Athletic Performance, Exercise and Sports Science Department, Vanguard Universty of Southern California Costa Mesa USA: 1999. p 92-626.
• Yılmaz B. Hormonlar ve Üreme Fizyolojisi, Feryal Matbaacılık. Ankara: 1999. p 211.