Araştırma Makalesi
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ARTİSTİK YÜZMENİN OLİMPİK KATEGORİ YARIŞMALARINA KATILAN SPORCULARIN DÜNYA ŞAMPİYONALARINDAKİ YAŞ ORTALAMALARININ İNCELENMESİ

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2, 272 - 284, 16.08.2021

Öz

Artistik yüzmede olimpik kategoride yer alan düet ve takım yarışmalarının dünya şampiyonalarına katılan sporculardaki yaş ortalamalarını incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Artistik yüzme genç yaşta profesyonelleşme gerektirdiğinden başarı ve yaş ilişkisinin incelenmesi önemli yer tutmaktadır. Tekil tarama modeline göre olimpik kategorideki sporcu yaş ortalaması değerlerinin yıllara göre; eleme, final ve kürsü sınıflamasında değerlendirilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Araştırmada 2007–2019 yıllarında yapılmış 7 dünya şampiyonası analiz edilmiştir. Kurallar gereği sadece bu kategorilerde kadın sporcular yarışmaktadır. Teknik düet, serbest düet, teknik takım ve serbest takımdan oluşan 4 yarışma türünün sonuçları ayrı ayrı incelenmiştir. Her yarışma türü kendi içinde eleme, final ve madalya sporcuları olarak 3 farklı alt başlıkta değerlendirilmiştir. Yarışma türüne göre o yıl yarışmış olan tüm sporcuların yaş ortalamaları hesaplanmıştır. Yarışmalarındaki yaş ortalamaları eleme-final, eleme-kürsü, final-kürsü karşılaştırması yapılmış ve tüm gruplarda anlamlı fark görülmüştür (p<0,05). Teknik ve serbest yarışma karşılaştırmalarında anlamlı farka rastlanmamıştır (p<0,05). Çoğunlukla aynı sporcunun hem teknik hem serbest yarışmalarda yer aldığı görülmüştür. İncelenen dört yarışma türünde sporcuların yarışma sıralamasındaki yeri yükseldikçe yaş ortalamalarının da arttığı belirlenmiştir. Düet yarışmalarında 25 yaş ve takım yarışmalarında 23 yaş ortalamasına sahip sporcular kürsüde yer alarak madalya kazanmıştır. Araştırmada incelenen yarışma sonuçları ve yaş ortalamaları dikkate alındığında, sporcular 15 yaşından itibaren büyükler kategorilerinde yarışma hakkına sahip olsa da elit seviyede başarı için bu yaşın yeterli olmadığı görülmüştür. Elemelerde çok sayıda genç yarışmacı yer aldığı için sporcu yaş ortalaması düşüktür. Yapılan araştırma sonucunda artistik yüzme sporcularının yaş ortalaması ile yarışma başarısı arasında önemli ilişkinin olduğu görülmüştür.

Kaynakça

  • FINA. (2019). Artistic swimming presentation. www.fina.org. [Erişim tarihi: 02.02.2020].
  • Sydnor S. (1998). A history of synchronized swimming. Journal of Sport History. 25(2), 252-267.
  • Rodriguez Zamora L., Iglesias X., Barrero A., Torres L., Chaverri D., Rodriguez FA. (2014). Monitoring internal load parameters during competitive synchronized swimming duet routines in elite athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 28(3), 742-751.
  • FINA. (2017). FINA artistic swimming manual for judges, coaches & referees 2017-2021. www.fina.org. [Erişim tarihi: 02.02.2020].
  • FINA. (2017). FINA artistic swimming rules 2017-2021. www.fina.org. [Erişim tarihi: 02.02.2020].
  • Pazikas MGA., Curi A., Aoki MS. (2005). Behavior of physiological variables in synchronized swimming athletes during a training session preparing for the Athens 2004 Olympic Games. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte. 11(6), 324-328.
  • Schaal K., Le Meur Y., Bieuzen F., Petit O., Hellard P., Toussaint JF., Hausswirth C. (2013). Effect of recovery mode on postexercise vagal reactivation in elite synchronized swimmers. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 38(2), 126-133.
  • Tosić S., Kocić J., Aleksić D., Vesna Tomić V. (2012). The road from nonswimmers to synchronized swimmers. APES, 2(1), 99-102.
  • Bante S., Bogdanis G., Heropoulou C., Maridaki M. (2005). Physiological responses to a simulated synchronized swimming routine in young and adult national level athletes. 10th Annual Congress of the ECSS, Oral Presentation.
  • Chen AP., Cai G., Shen XZ., Xu WY., Liu YW., Qiao G., Li J. (2010). Characteristics of physical capacities of synchronized swimmers at the age of 7~15 in China. Journal of Physical Education. 17(12), 96-100.
  • Maeshima E., Okumura Y., Tatsumi J., Tomokane S., Ikeshima A. (2017). Cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults participating in synchronized swimming-exercise. Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 29(1), 148-151.
  • FINA. (2015). 16th FINA World Championships 2015 (July 24 - August 9, 2015 - Kazan, Russia) Artistic Swimming Results. https://www.omegatiming.com/File/00010F0300FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF1E.pdf. [Erişim tarihi: 12.01.2020].
  • FINA. (2017). 17th FINA World Championships 2017 (July 14 - 30, 2017 - Budapest, Hungary) Artistic Swimming Results. https://www.omegatiming.com/File/0001110300FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF1E.pdf. [Erişim tarihi: 12.01.2020].
  • FINA. (2019). 18th FINA World Championships 2019 (July 12 - 28, 2019 - Gwangju, South Korea) Artistic Swimming Results. https://www.omegatiming.com/2019/18th-fina-world-championships-sy-live-results. [Erişim tarihi: 12.01.2020].
  • Karasar N. (2020). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi: kavramlar ilkeler teknikler. İkinci yazım. 36. Baskı. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık Eğitim Danışmanlık Tic. Ltd. Şti. Ankara, 111-112.
  • Bayraktar B., Kurtoğlu M. (2009). Sporda performans, etkili faktörler, değerlendirilmesi ve artırılması. Klinik Gelişim. 22(1), 16-24.
  • Faulkner JA., Davis CS., Mendias CL., Brooks SV. (2008). The aging of elite male athletes: age-related changes in performance and skeletal muscle structure and function. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine: Official Journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine. 18(6), 501-507.
  • Tanaka H., Seals DR. (1997). Age and gender interactions in physiological functional capacity: insight from swimming performance. Journal of Applied Physiology. 82(3), 846-851.
  • Sharma S. (2003). Athlete's heart-effect of age, sex, ethnicity and sporting discipline. Experimental Physiology. 88(5), 665-669.
  • Yamamura C., Matsui N., Kitagawa K. (2000). Physiological loads in the team technical and free routines of synchronized swimmers. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 32(6), 1171-1174.
  • Solana-Tramunt M., Morales J., Buscà B., Carbonell M., Rodríguez-Zamora R. (2018). Heart rate variability in elite synchronized swimmers. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 14(4), 464-471.
  • Akgün G. (2020). Artistik yüzmede yaygın olarak kullanılan figür ve hareket geçişlerinin analizi. İçinde: Karataş Ö. (Editör). Spor bilimleri alanında akademik çalışmalar-2 cilt 2. Gece Kitaplığı, Ankara, 145-156.
  • Allen SV., Hopkins WG. (2015). Age of peak competitive performance of elite athletes: a systematic review. Sports Medicine. 45(10), 1431-1441.
  • Bespalov BI., Leonov SV. (2012). Characteristics of silent counting in synchronized swimmers. Psychology in Russia, 5, 498-510.
  • Bø K., Artal R., Barakat R., Brown WJ., Davies GA., Dooley M., Evenson KR., Haakstad LAH., Kayser B., Kinnunen TI., Larsén K., Mottola MF., Nygaard I., Poppel M., Stuge B., Khan KM., IOC Medical Commission. (2017). Exercise and pregnancy in recreational and elite athletes: 2016/17 evidence summary from the IOC Expert Group Meeting, Lausanne. Part 3-exercise in the postpartum period. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 51(21), 1516-1525.
  • Bø K., Artal R., Barakat R., Brown WJ., Davies GA., Dooley M., Evenson KR., Haakstad LAH., Kayser B., Kinnunen TI., Larsen K., Mottola MF., Nygaard I., Poppel M., Stuge B., Khan KM. (2018). Exercise and pregnancy in recreational and elite athletes: 2016/2017 evidence summary from the IOC expert group meeting, Lausanne. Part 5. Recommendations for health professionals and active women. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 52, 1080-1085.
  • Appleby KM. (2004). Running in and out of pregnancy: elite distance runners' experiences of returning to competition after pregnancy. Doctor of Philosophy Thesis. The University of Tennessee. USA.
  • Sundgot-Borgen J., Sundgot-Borgen C., Myklebust G., Sølvberg N., Torstveit MK. (2019). Elite athletes get pregnant, have healthy babies and return to sport early postpartum. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine. 5(1), 1-9.

EXAMINING THE AVERAGE AGE OF ATHLETES PARTICIPATING IN THE OLYMPIC CATEGORY COMPETITIONS OF ARTISTIC SWIMMING IN WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2, 272 - 284, 16.08.2021

Öz

The aimed to examine the average age of the athletes participating in the world championships of the duet and team competition types in the Olympic category in artistic swimming. Since artistic swimming requires professionalization at a young age, it is important to examine the relationship between success and age. According to the single screening model, the average age of the athletes in the Olympic category by years; it is aimed to be evaluated in qualifying, final and podium classification. Seven world championships held in 2007-2019 were analyzed. According to the rules, only female athletes compete in these categories. The results of technical duets, free duets, technical teams and free teams have been examined separately. Each type of competition has been evaluated under 3 different subtitles as preliminaries, final and medal athletes. Comparison of the mean age preliminaries-final, preliminaries-medal, final-medal was made, and a significant difference was observed in all groups (p <0.05). No significant difference was found in technical and free competition comparisons (p <0.05). The average age of the athlete's increases as the place of the athletes in the competition ranking increased. The average age of athletes winning medals is 25 in duets and 23 in teams. As a result of the research, although athletes have the right to compete in adult categories from the age of 15, they are insufficient for elite success. Since there are many young competitors in the preliminaries, the average age of athletes is low. There is a significant relationship between the average age of artistic swimming athletes and the success of the competition.

Kaynakça

  • FINA. (2019). Artistic swimming presentation. www.fina.org. [Erişim tarihi: 02.02.2020].
  • Sydnor S. (1998). A history of synchronized swimming. Journal of Sport History. 25(2), 252-267.
  • Rodriguez Zamora L., Iglesias X., Barrero A., Torres L., Chaverri D., Rodriguez FA. (2014). Monitoring internal load parameters during competitive synchronized swimming duet routines in elite athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 28(3), 742-751.
  • FINA. (2017). FINA artistic swimming manual for judges, coaches & referees 2017-2021. www.fina.org. [Erişim tarihi: 02.02.2020].
  • FINA. (2017). FINA artistic swimming rules 2017-2021. www.fina.org. [Erişim tarihi: 02.02.2020].
  • Pazikas MGA., Curi A., Aoki MS. (2005). Behavior of physiological variables in synchronized swimming athletes during a training session preparing for the Athens 2004 Olympic Games. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte. 11(6), 324-328.
  • Schaal K., Le Meur Y., Bieuzen F., Petit O., Hellard P., Toussaint JF., Hausswirth C. (2013). Effect of recovery mode on postexercise vagal reactivation in elite synchronized swimmers. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 38(2), 126-133.
  • Tosić S., Kocić J., Aleksić D., Vesna Tomić V. (2012). The road from nonswimmers to synchronized swimmers. APES, 2(1), 99-102.
  • Bante S., Bogdanis G., Heropoulou C., Maridaki M. (2005). Physiological responses to a simulated synchronized swimming routine in young and adult national level athletes. 10th Annual Congress of the ECSS, Oral Presentation.
  • Chen AP., Cai G., Shen XZ., Xu WY., Liu YW., Qiao G., Li J. (2010). Characteristics of physical capacities of synchronized swimmers at the age of 7~15 in China. Journal of Physical Education. 17(12), 96-100.
  • Maeshima E., Okumura Y., Tatsumi J., Tomokane S., Ikeshima A. (2017). Cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults participating in synchronized swimming-exercise. Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 29(1), 148-151.
  • FINA. (2015). 16th FINA World Championships 2015 (July 24 - August 9, 2015 - Kazan, Russia) Artistic Swimming Results. https://www.omegatiming.com/File/00010F0300FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF1E.pdf. [Erişim tarihi: 12.01.2020].
  • FINA. (2017). 17th FINA World Championships 2017 (July 14 - 30, 2017 - Budapest, Hungary) Artistic Swimming Results. https://www.omegatiming.com/File/0001110300FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF1E.pdf. [Erişim tarihi: 12.01.2020].
  • FINA. (2019). 18th FINA World Championships 2019 (July 12 - 28, 2019 - Gwangju, South Korea) Artistic Swimming Results. https://www.omegatiming.com/2019/18th-fina-world-championships-sy-live-results. [Erişim tarihi: 12.01.2020].
  • Karasar N. (2020). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi: kavramlar ilkeler teknikler. İkinci yazım. 36. Baskı. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık Eğitim Danışmanlık Tic. Ltd. Şti. Ankara, 111-112.
  • Bayraktar B., Kurtoğlu M. (2009). Sporda performans, etkili faktörler, değerlendirilmesi ve artırılması. Klinik Gelişim. 22(1), 16-24.
  • Faulkner JA., Davis CS., Mendias CL., Brooks SV. (2008). The aging of elite male athletes: age-related changes in performance and skeletal muscle structure and function. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine: Official Journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine. 18(6), 501-507.
  • Tanaka H., Seals DR. (1997). Age and gender interactions in physiological functional capacity: insight from swimming performance. Journal of Applied Physiology. 82(3), 846-851.
  • Sharma S. (2003). Athlete's heart-effect of age, sex, ethnicity and sporting discipline. Experimental Physiology. 88(5), 665-669.
  • Yamamura C., Matsui N., Kitagawa K. (2000). Physiological loads in the team technical and free routines of synchronized swimmers. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 32(6), 1171-1174.
  • Solana-Tramunt M., Morales J., Buscà B., Carbonell M., Rodríguez-Zamora R. (2018). Heart rate variability in elite synchronized swimmers. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 14(4), 464-471.
  • Akgün G. (2020). Artistik yüzmede yaygın olarak kullanılan figür ve hareket geçişlerinin analizi. İçinde: Karataş Ö. (Editör). Spor bilimleri alanında akademik çalışmalar-2 cilt 2. Gece Kitaplığı, Ankara, 145-156.
  • Allen SV., Hopkins WG. (2015). Age of peak competitive performance of elite athletes: a systematic review. Sports Medicine. 45(10), 1431-1441.
  • Bespalov BI., Leonov SV. (2012). Characteristics of silent counting in synchronized swimmers. Psychology in Russia, 5, 498-510.
  • Bø K., Artal R., Barakat R., Brown WJ., Davies GA., Dooley M., Evenson KR., Haakstad LAH., Kayser B., Kinnunen TI., Larsén K., Mottola MF., Nygaard I., Poppel M., Stuge B., Khan KM., IOC Medical Commission. (2017). Exercise and pregnancy in recreational and elite athletes: 2016/17 evidence summary from the IOC Expert Group Meeting, Lausanne. Part 3-exercise in the postpartum period. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 51(21), 1516-1525.
  • Bø K., Artal R., Barakat R., Brown WJ., Davies GA., Dooley M., Evenson KR., Haakstad LAH., Kayser B., Kinnunen TI., Larsen K., Mottola MF., Nygaard I., Poppel M., Stuge B., Khan KM. (2018). Exercise and pregnancy in recreational and elite athletes: 2016/2017 evidence summary from the IOC expert group meeting, Lausanne. Part 5. Recommendations for health professionals and active women. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 52, 1080-1085.
  • Appleby KM. (2004). Running in and out of pregnancy: elite distance runners' experiences of returning to competition after pregnancy. Doctor of Philosophy Thesis. The University of Tennessee. USA.
  • Sundgot-Borgen J., Sundgot-Borgen C., Myklebust G., Sølvberg N., Torstveit MK. (2019). Elite athletes get pregnant, have healthy babies and return to sport early postpartum. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine. 5(1), 1-9.
Toplam 28 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Spor Hekimliği
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Gökçe Akgün 0000-0001-9487-6932

Yayımlanma Tarihi 16 Ağustos 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 12 Ocak 2021
Kabul Tarihi 10 Ağustos 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Akgün, G. (2021). ARTİSTİK YÜZMENİN OLİMPİK KATEGORİ YARIŞMALARINA KATILAN SPORCULARIN DÜNYA ŞAMPİYONALARINDAKİ YAŞ ORTALAMALARININ İNCELENMESİ. Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(2), 272-284.

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