EFFECT OF FUNCTIONAL FOOD COMPONENTS ON COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS

Öz

60% of the brain consists of fat and is a structure vulnerable to damage from free radicals formed as a result of oxidative stress at cellular level. Accumulation of free radicals can cause oxidation, disruption of DNA repair mechanisms; such cellular changes can cause neuronal dysfunction and damages in functional neuroplasticity. Nutrition is one of the primary factors affecting brain development, and continues to affect cell renewal throughout life. In this review, it is aimed to explain the effects of oxidative stress at molecular level and some nutritional components, bioactive substances in foods on brain cells and therefore cognitive functions. It has been determined in various studies that omega 3 fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, bioactive components such as choline, polyphenols and psychobiotics positively affect cognitive function by supporting cell repair against oxidative damage. In this review, prominent nutritional components, bioactive substances and their mechanisms are explained as much as possible.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Brain health
• oxidative stress
• omega-3 fatty acids
• vitamins
• bioactive food components
• psychobiotics

FONKSİYONEL GIDA BİLEŞENLERİNİN BİLİŞSEL FONKSİYONLAR ÜZERİNE MOLEKÜLER ETKİ MEKANİZMALARI

Öz

Beynin %60’ı yağdan oluşur ve hücre düzeyinde oksidatif stres sonucunda oluşan serbest radikallerin vereceği hasara açık bir yapıdır. Nöronlarda üretilen başlıca serbest radikaller, süperoksit ve nitrik oksittir. Serbest radikallerin birikimi DNA oksidasyonuna ve DNA onarım mekanizmalarının bozulmasına neden olabilir; bu gibi hücresel değişiklikler nöronal işlev bozukluğuna, işlevsel ve yapısal nöroplastisiteye zarar verebilmektedir. Erken beyin gelişimini etkileyen faktörlerin başında beslenme gelmekte ve beslenme şekli hayat boyu hücre yenileme ve onarımını etkilemeyi sürdürmektedir. Bu derlemede oksidatif stresin moleküler düzeyde hücreye etkilerinin açıklanması ve gıdalardaki bazı besin bileşenleriyle, biyoaktif maddelerin beyin hücrelerine ve dolayısıyla bilişsel fonksiyonlara etkilerinin açıklanması hedeflenmiştir. Omega 3 yağ asitlerinin, vitaminlerin ve minerallerin, kolin, polifenoller gibi biyoaktif bileşenlerle psikobiyotiklerin, oksidatif hasara karşı hücre onarımına destek vererek, bilişsel fonksiyonu olumlu etkilediği çeşitli araştırmalarda belirlenmiştir. Bu derlemede öne çıkan besin bileşenleriyle, biyoaktif maddeler ve etki mekanizmaları mümkün olabildiğince açıklanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Beyin sağlığı
• oksidatif stres
• omega-3 yağ asitleri
• vitamin
• biyoaktif gıda bileşeni
• psikobiyotikler

Kaynakça

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