Microbiom and Dermatology

Öz

Microbiome is a term defi ning the microbes, their genome and the environment which they belong to. Skin is one of the body sites as well as nasal, oral, gastrointestinal and urogenital areas which had been focused to be studied as a part of human genome project. Skin is an ecosystem containing microbial communities living in various physiologic and topographic conditions such as sebaceous/non-sebaceous, hairy/glabrous, moist/dry, wrinkled/plain areas. Skin microbiome is under investigation also in dermatological disorders as atopic dermatitis, acne, psoriasis and diabetic wounds beside healthy individuals with 16SrRNA sequencing studies. Findings of these investigations are reviewed in this article.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Human microbioma project,skin microbiome

Mikrobiyom ve Dermatoloji

Öz

Mikrobiyom, mikropları, genomlarını ve ait oldukları çevreyi tanımlayan bir terimdir. İnsan mikrobiyom projesi içinde deri de nazal, oral, gastrointestinal ve ürogenital bölgelerin yanında mikrobiyomunun çalışılması için seçilen bölgelerdendir. Deri, yağlı/yağsız, kıllı/kılsız, nemli/kuru, katlantılı/pürüzsüz bölgeler gibi fizyolojik ve topografik olarak farklı koşullarda yaşayan mikrobiyal toplulukları içeren bir ekosistemdir. 16S rRNA dizileme çalışmaları ile sağlıklı bireylerin yanında değişik hastalık gruplarında da deri mikrobiyomu incelenmiştir. Atopik dermatit, akne, psoriyazis ve diyabetik yaralar mikrobiyom çalışmalarının çoğunun yapılmakta olduğu dermatolojik hastalıklardır. Bu derlemede deri mikrobiyomuyla ilgili çalışmaların bulguları özetlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İnsan mikrobiyom projesi,deri mikrobiyomu

Kaynakça

1. 1. Marchesi JR, Ravel J. The vocabulary of microbiome research: a proposal. 2015 Jul 30;3:31.
2. 2. Human Microbiome Project Consortium. Collaborators (248). Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome. Nature. 2012 Jun 13;486(7402):207-14.
3. 3. Grice EA et al. A diversity profi le of the human skin microbiota. Genome Res. 2008 Jul;18(7):1043-50.
4. 4. Costello EK, Lauber CL, Hamady M et al. Bacterial community variation in human body habitats across space and time. Science. 2009 Dec 18;326(5960):1694-7.
5. 5. Fierer N, Hamady M, Lauber CL et al. The infl uence of sex, handedness, and washing on the diversity of hand surface bacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Nov 18;105(46):17994-9.
6. 6. Grice EA et al. Topographical and temporal diversity of the human skin microbiome. Science. 2009 May 29;324(5931):1190-2.
7. 7. Holland KT, Bojar RA. Cosmetics: what is their infl uence on the skin microfl ora? Am J Clin Dermatol. 2002;3(7):445-9.
8. 8. Metagenomics of the Human Body Editor: Karen E. Nelson. ISBN 978-1-4419-7089-3 (eBook). Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London.

9. 9. Grice EA1, Segre JA. The skin microbiome. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2011 Apr;9(4):244-53.
10. 10. Scharschmidt TC1, Fischbach MA. What Lives On Our Skin: Ecology, Genomics and Therapeutic Opportunities Of the Skin Microbiome. Drug Discov Today Dis Mech. 2013 Dec 1;10(3-4)..
11. 11. Dominguez-Bello MG et al. Delivery mode shapes the acquisition and structure of the initial microbiota across multiple body habitats in newborns. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Jun 29;107(26):11971- 5.
12. 12. Shin H et al. The fi rst microbial environment of infants born by C-section: the operating room microbes. Microbiome. 2015 Dec 1;3:59.
13. 13. Capone KA, Dowd SE, Stamatas GN et al. Diversity of the human skin microbiome early in life. J Invest Dermatol. 2011 Oct;131(10):2026-32.
14. 14. SanMiguel A, Grice EA. Interactions between host factors and the skin microbiome. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72: 1499-1515.
15. 15. Kong HH, Segre JA. Skin microbiome: looking back to move forward. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132: 933-939.
16. 16. Oh J et al. The altered landscape of the human skin microbiome in patients with primary immunodefi ciencies. Genome Res. 2013 Dec;23(12):2103-14.
17. 17. Kang D et al. Vitamin B12 modulates the transcriptome of the skin microbiota in acne pathogenesis. Sci Transl Med. 2015 Jun 24;7(293):293ra103.
18. 18. Alekseyenko AV et al. Community differentiation of the cutaneous microbiota in psoriasis. Microbiome. 2013 Dec 23;1(1):31.
19. 19. Gardner SE, Hillis SL, Heilmann K et al. The neuropathic diabetic foot ulcer microbiome is associated with clinical factors. Diabetes. 2013 Mar;62(3):923-30.
20. 20. Findley K et al. Topographic diversity of fungal and bacterial communities in human skin. Nature. 2013 Jun 20;498(7454):367- 70.
21. 21. Hannigan GD et al.The human skin double-stranded DNA virome: topographical and temporal diversity, genetic enrichment, and dynamic associations with the host microbiome. MBio. 2015 Oct 20;6(5):e01578-15.
22. 22. Kong HH, Segre JA. The molecular revolution in cutaneous biology: Investigating the skin microbiome. J Invest Dermatol. 2017 May; 137(5): e119-e122.
23. 23. Akoğlu G. Mikrobiyom ve deri mikrobiyomuna genel bakış, Dermatoz, http://www.dermatoz.org.tr/2017/1/dermatoz17081d2.pdf
24. 24. Lacey N, Kavanagh K, Tseng SC. Under the lash: Demodex mites in human diseases. Biochem (Lond) 2009; 31: 2-6.
25. 25. www.allergiesandyourgut.com