A Descriptive Content Analysis of Articles Addressing the Social Innovation and National Innovation Systems in Emerging Economies

Öz

Social innovation and National Innovation Systems (NIS) have become issues that have been prominently emphasized especially in recent years. Innovation is a phenomenon that can be implemented almost in every field, hence it has various types. One of these types, social innovation, which can be defined as a more effective, efficient, sustainable, fair and original solution to a social problem than previous methods, becomes increasingly important. On the other hand, NIS, which can be described as the network of institutions and organizations in the public and private sectors whose activities and interactions initiate, import, develop and disseminate new technologies, is getting more important, too. Social innovation and NIS encompass the issues that developing economies should consider to catch the advanced economy class. The aim of this study is to conduct a descriptive content analysis of the studies which address the social innovation and NIS in the context of emerging economies, and to determine their tendencies in terms of various preset criteria. To this end, 77 SSCI indexed articles were determined by various other preset criteria from Web of Science (WoS), and analysed by content analysis. The findings highlight the importance of collaboration, interaction, an innovative culture, dynamic and effective policies. It is expected that this study will contribute to future studies on social innovation and NIS in the context of developing countries.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Social Innovation
• National Innovation Systems
• Emerging Economies

GELİŞEN EKONOMİLERDE SOSYAL İNOVASYON VE MİLLİ YENİLİK SİSTEMLERİNİ İNCELEYEN ARAŞTIRMALARIN BETİMSEL İÇERİK ANALİZİ

Öz

Sosyal inovasyon ve Milli Yenilik Sistemleri (MYS), son yıllarda üzerinde önemle durulan konular haline gelmiştir. İnovasyon; akla gelebilecek her alanda ortaya konabilen, dolayısıyla birçok türü olan bir olgudur. Bu türlerden biri olan sosyal inovasyon; sosyal bir soruna getirilmiş önceki yöntemlerden daha etkili, verimli, sürdürülebilir, adil ve özgün bir çözüm olarak önem kazanmaktadır. MYS ise faaliyetleri ve etkileşimleri yeni teknolojileri başlatan, geliştiren ve yaygınlaştıran kamu ve özel sektörlerdeki kurum ve kuruluşların bir ağı olarak ayrı bir öneme sahiptir. Sosyal inovasyon ve MYS, gelişen ekonomilerin gelişmiş kategoriye sıçramaları için üzerinde önemle durmaları gereken hususları kapsamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı literatürde sosyal inovasyon ve MYS’nin gelişen ekonomiler bağlamında ele alındığı çalışmaların betimsel içerik analizinin yapılması ve bunların çeşitli kıstaslara göre eğilimlerinin ve hangi hususları kapsadığının belirlenmesidir. Bu maksatla Web of Science (WoS) veritabanından çeşitli kriterlere göre belirlenen SSCI endeksli 77 makale betimsel içerik analizi yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Bulguların gösterdiği eğilimlerin değerlendirilmesine sonuç bölümünde yer verilmiştir. Sonuçlar; iş birliği, etkileşim, yenilikçi bir kültür ile dinamik ve etkin politikaların öneminin öne çıktığını göstermektedir. Bu çalışmanın, gelişen ülkeler bağlamında sosyal inovasyon ve MYS ile ilgili gelecekte yapılacak olan çalışmalara ve çeşitli alanlarda oluşturulacak politikaların şekillenmesine katkı sağlaması umulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sosyal İnovasyon
• Milli Yenilik Sistemleri
• Gelişen Ekonomiler

Kaynakça

1. Arocena, R. ve Sutz, J. (2002). Innovation systems and developing countries. DRUID (Danish Research Unit for Industrial Dynamics) Working Paper, 2(05).
2. Băzăvan, A. (2019). Chinese government’s shifting role in the national innovation system. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 148(June), 119738. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.119738
3. Bengtsson, M. (2016). How to plan and perform a qualitative study using content analysis. NursingPlus Open, 2, 8-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.npls.2016.01.001
4. Borzaga, C. ve Bodini, R. (2014). What to make of social ınnovation? Towards a framework for policy development. Social Policy and Society, 13(3), 411–421. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474746414000116
5. Burnard, P. (1995). Interpreting text: an alternative to some current forms of textual analysis in qualitative research. Social Sciences in Health, 1, 236–245.
6. Cajaiba-Santana, G. (2014). Social innovation: Moving the field forward. A conceptual framework. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 82(1), 42–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2013.05.008
7. Casadella, V. (2018). Innovation Systems in Emerging Economies: MINT (Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, Turkey). John Wiley & Sons.
8. Castro-Arce, K. ve Vanclay, F. (2020) Transformative social innovation for sustainable rural development: An analytical framework to assist community- based initiatives. Journal of Rural Studies,74, 45– 54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2019.11.010

9. Caulier-Grice, J., Davies, A., Patrick, R. ve Norman, W. (2012). Defining social innovation. A deliverable of the project:“The theoretical, empirical and policy foundations for building social innovation in Europe”(TEPSIE), European Commission–7th Framework Programme, Brussels: European Commission, DG Research, 22.
10. Çelik, H., Baykal, N. B., ve Memur, H. N. K. (2020). Nitel veri analizi ve temel ilkeleri. Eğitimde Nitel Araştırmalar Dergisi, 8(1), 379-406. https://doi.org/10.14689/issn.2148-2624.1.8c.1s.16m
11. Deiglmeier, K., Miller, D. T. ve Phills, J. (2008). Rediscovering social innovation. Stanford Social Innovation Review, Fall, 34–43.
12. Edwards-Schachter, M., ve Wallace, M. L. (2017). ‘Shaken, but not stirred’: Sixty years of defining social innovation. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 119, 64-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.03.012
13. Egbetokun, A., Oluwadare, A. J., Ajao, B. F., ve Jegede, O. O. (2017). Innovation systems research: An agenda for developing countries. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 3(4), 25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40852-017-0076-x
14. Foroudi, P., Akarsu, T. N., Marvi, R. ve Balakrishnan, J. (2021). Intellectual evolution of social innovation: A bibliometric analysis and avenues for future research trends. Industrial Marketing Management, 93(March 2020), 446–465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2020.03.026
15. Freeman, C. (1987). Technology, policy, and economic performance: lessons from Japan. Burns ve Oates.
16. Gu, S. (1999). Implications of national innovation systems for developing countries: Managing change and complexity in economic development. United Nations University, Institute for New Technologies.
17. Harvie, C. ve Lee, H. H. (2003). Export-led industrialisation and growth: Korea’s economic miracle, 1962-1989. Australian Economic History Review, 43(3), 256–286.
18. Khandker, A. (2016). Why is the South Korean growth experience different? An analysis of the differences of per capita GDP between South Korea and South Asian countries. Economic Change and Restructuring, 49(1), 41-69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10644-015-9173-7
19. Kurpayanidi, K. (2021). National innovation system as a key factor in the sustainable development of the economy of Uzbekistan. In E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 258). EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125805026
20. Lundvall, B. A. (2016). The learning economy and the economics of hope. Anthem Press. https://doi.org/10.26530/oapen_626406
21. Lundvall, B. A. (1992). National systems of innovation: Towards a theory of innovation and interactive learning.
22. Metcalfe, S. (1995). The economic foundations of technology policy: Equilibrium and evolutionary perspectives, in Paul Stoneman (ed.): Handbook of the Economics of Innovation and Technological Change, Blackwell, Oxford UK and Cambridge USA 1995: 409-512
23. Moulaert, F., MacCallum, D. ve Hillier, J. (2013). Social innovation: intuition, precept, concept, theory and practice. The International Handbook on Social Innovation, January, 13–24.
24. Mulgan, G. (2006). The process of social innovation. Innovations: Technology, Governance, Globalization, 1(2), 145–162.
25. Murray, R., Caulier-Grice, J. ve Mulgan, G. (2010). The open book of social innovation. Tercer Sector, 233.
26. Nelson, R. R. ve Rosenberg, N. (1993). American universities and technical advances in industry. Research Policy, 23, 323–348. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-7333(94)90042-6
27. Nelson, R. R., (1993). National Innovation Systems: A Comparative Analysis. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign's Academy for Entrepreneurial Leadership
28. Niosi, J., Saviotti, P., Bellon, B. ve Crow, M. (1993). National systems of innovation: in search of a workable concept. Technology in Society, 15(2), 207-227.
29. Niosi, J. (2018). National Systems of Innovation in Developing Countries. In J. Niosi (Ed.), Innovation Systems, Policy and Management (pp. 149-177). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-791X(93)90003-7
30. Pol, E. ve Ville, S. (2009). Social innovation: Buzz word or enduring term? Journal of Socio-Economics, 38(6), 878–885. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2009.02.011
31. Phills, J. (2009). Rediscovering social innovation. Centre for social innovation, stanford graduate school of business.
32. Schot, J. ve Steinmueller, W. E. (2018). Three frames for innovation policy: R&D, systems of innovation and transformative change. Research Policy, 47(9), 1554-1567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2018.08.011
33. Sharif, N. (2006). Emergence and development of the National Innovation Systems concept. Research Policy, 35(5), 745–766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2006.04.001
34. UNESCO Institute for Statistics, 2018. UIS online database: UIS.Stat.
35. Ültay, E., Akyurt, H., Ültay, N. (2021). Sosyal bilimlerde betimsel içerik analizi. IBAD Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (10), 188- 201. https://doi.org/10.21733/ibad.871703