EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIVINE AUTHORITY RELATIONS AND DEATH ANXIETY

Yıl 2023, , 55 - 67, 31.12.2023

Nurhan Naz , Onur Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.18221/bujss.1325548

Cited By: 1

Öz

The aim of this research is to examine the relationship between divine authority relations and death anxiety. The sample of the research consists of 430 people in Istanbul. In the study, God Perception scale was used to measure divine authority relations and Thorson-Powell Death Anxiety Scale was used to measure death anxiety. Demographic Data Form prepared by the researcher was used to determine the sociodemographic characteristics. SPSS 25 program was used in the analysis of the data obtained in the research. Pearson correlation analysis, which was in the parametric test group and testing the relationship between variables, Independent Groups t-test and ANOVA were used to determine the significant difference between groups. Multiple Linear Regression was used for predictive analysis. Value range for the correlation coefficient; It is defined as a weak correlation between 0.000-0.300, medium between 0.301-0.700, and high degree between 0.701-1.000. The confidence interval referenced in the whole study was 95%, and the p value was 0.05. According to the findings of the study, low-level negative correlation was found between perception of god and death anxiety scale variables, and low-level positive correlation between negative perception of god and death anxiety scale variables. It has been found that women have a higher positive perception of god than men, and men have a more negative perception of god than women. The relationship between the perception of God and death anxiety differs significantly according to education level. The findings were discussed within the framework of the relevant literature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

divine authority, death anxiety, perception of god

TANRISAL OTORİTE İLİŞKİLERİ VE ÖLÜM KAYGISI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı, tanrısal otorite ilişkileri ve ölüm kaygısı arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi üzerinedir. Araştırmanın örneklemi İstanbul ilindeki 430 kişiden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada, tanrısal otorite ilişkilerini ölçmek için Tanrı Algısı ölçeği ve ölüm kaygısını ölçmek için ise Thorson-Powell Ölüm Kaygısı Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Sosyodemografik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi için araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan Demografik Veri Formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen verilerin analizlerinde SPSS 25 programı kullanılmıştır. Parametrik test grubunda olan ve değişkenler arası ilişkiyi test eden Pearson korelasyon analizi, gruplar arası anlamlı farkı saptamak için Bağımsız Gruplar t-testi ve ANOVA kullanılmıştır. Yordayıcılık analizi için Çoklu Doğrusal Regresyon kullanılmıştır. Korelasyon katsayısı için değer aralığı; 0,000*-0.300 arası zayıf, 0,301-0,700 arası orta, 0,701-1,000 arası yüksek derecede ilişki olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Tüm çalışma kapsamında referans alınan güven aralığı %95, p değeri 0,05’tir. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre, Tanrı algısı ile ölüm kaygısı ölçeği değişkenleri arasında düşük düzey negatif korelasyon, olumsuz Tanrı algısı ile ölüm kaygısı ölçeği değişkenleri arasında düşük düzey pozitif korelasyon bulunmuştur. Kadınların erkeklere göre daha yüksek olumlu Tanrı algısına, erkeklerin ise kadınlara göre daha olumsuz Tanrı algısına sahip oldukları bulgulanmıştır. Tanrı algısı ve ölüm kaygısı arasındaki ilişki, eğitim durumuna göre anlamlı düzeyde farklılıklar göstermektedir. Elde edilen bulgular ilgili literatür çerçevesinde tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

tanrısal otorite, ölüm kaygısı, tanrı algısı

Kaynakça

• Alvarado, K. A., Templer, D. I., Bresler, C. ve Thomas-Dobson, S. (1995). The relationship of religious variables to death depression and death anxiety. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 51, 202-204.
• Bader, C. ve Froese, P. (2005). Images of God: The effect of personal theologies on moral attitudes, political affiliation, and religious behavior. Interdisciplinary Journal of Research on Religion 1(11).
• Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment theory. Simply Psychology.
• Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çokluk, Ö. ve Köklü N. (2013). Sosyal bilimler için istatistik. Pegem Akademi.
• Cicirelli, V. G. (2004). God as the ultimate attachment figure for older adults. Attachment & Human Development, 6(4), 371-388.
• Coats, H., Crist, J. D., Berger, A., Sternberg, E. ve Rosenfeld, A. G. (2017). African American elders' serious illness experiences: Narratives of "God Did," "God Will," and "Life Is Better". Qualitative Health Research, 27(5), 634-648.
• Ellison, C. G., Bradshaw, M., Flannelly, K. J. ve Galek, K. C. (2014). Prayer, attachment to God, and symptoms of anxiety-related disorders among US adults. Sociology of Religion, 75(2), 208-233.
• Ellison, C. G., Bradshaw, M., Kuyel, N. ve Marcum, J. P. (2012). Attachment to God, stressful life events, and changes in psychological distress. Review of Religious Research, 53, 493-511.
• Erikson, E. H. (1963). Childhood and society. Norton.
• Exline, J. J., Hall, T. W., Pargament, K. I. ve Harriott, V. A. (2017). Predictors of growth from spiritual struggle among Christian undergraduates: Religious coping and perceptions of helpful action by God are both important. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 12(5), 501-508.
• George, D. ve Mallery, P. (2010). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple study guide and reference (17.0 Update). Allyn & Bacon.
• Greeley A. M. (1991). Religion and attitudes towards AIDS policy. Sociology and Social Research, 75(3), 126-132.
• Güler, Ö. (2007). Tanrı algısı ölçeği (TA): Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 48(1), 123-133.
• Hahs-Vaughn, D. L. ve Lomax, R. G. (2020). An introduction to statistical concepts. Routledge.
• Hayta, A. (2010). Nesne ilişkileri kuramı ve Tanrı tasavvuru üzerine eleştirel bir değerlendirme. Değerler Eğitimi Dergisi, 8(20), 39-77.
• Hayward, R. D. ve Krause, N. (2015). Aging, social developmental, and cultural factors in changing patterns of religious involvement over a 32-year period: An age–period–cohort analysis of 80 countries. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 46(8), 979-995.
• Heimbrock, H. G. (1991). Psychoanalytic understanding of religion. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 1(2), 71-89.
• Jung J. H. (2018). Attachment to God and death anxiety in later life: Does race matter?. Research on Aging, 40(10), 956-977.
• Karaca, F. ve Yıldız, M. (2001). Thorson-Powell ölüm kaygısı ölçeğinin Türkçe çevirisinin normal populasyonda geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Tabula Rasa, 1(1), 43-55.
• Kirkpatrick, L. A. ve Shaver, P. R. (1992). An attachment-theoretical approach to romantic love and religious belief. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18(3), 266-275.
• Koenig, H. G., McCullough, M. E. ve Larson, D. B. (2004). Handbook of religion and health. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 12(3), 332.
• Koestenbaum, P. (1998). Ölüme yanıt var mı? (çev. Yılmaz Akgünlü). Mavi Okyanus Yayınları.
• Krause, N. (2003). Religious meaning and subjective well-being in late life. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 58(3), S160-S170.
• Kubler-Ross, (1997). The wheel of life: A memoir of living and dying. Simon & Schuster.
• LaMothe, R. (2010). God representations as transitional subjects. The Psychoanalytic Review, 97(3), 425-449.
• Langs, R. (2002). Three forms of death anxiety. In D. Liechty (Ed.), Death and denial: Interdisciplinary perspectives on the legacy of ernest becker (s. 73-84). Praeger.
• Langs, R. (2004). Death anxiety and the emotion-processing mind. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 21(1), 31.
• Leman, J., Hunter III, W., Fergus, T. ve Rowatt, W. (2018). Secure attachment to God uniquely linked to psychological health in a national, random sample of American adults. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 28(3), 162-173.
• May, R. (1958). Contributions of existential psychotherapy. In R. May, E. Angel & H. F. Ellenberger (Eds.), Existence; A new dimension in psychiatry and psychology (s. 37-91). Simon and Schuster.
• Mehmedoğlu, A. U. (2011). Tanrı’yı tasavvur etmek. Çamlıca Yayınları.
• Minahan, J., Falzarano, F., Yazdani, N. ve Siedlecki, K. L. (2021). The COVID-19 pandemic and psychosocial outcomes across age through the stress and coping framework. The Gerontologist, 61(2), 228-239.
• Mojock, C. R. (1977). A course in death education as a factor in influencing attitudes toward death of juniors enrolled in a parochial high school [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Stetson University.
• Neimeyer, R. A. ve Van Brunt, D. (1995). Death anxiety. In H. Wass, & R. A. Neimeyer (Eds.), Dying: Facing the facts (3rd ed., s. 49-87). Boston, MA: Taylor & Francis.
• Odabaşi, F. (2020). Üniversite gençliğinin otorite algısı ve din. İlahiyat Akademi, (12), 183-216.
• Parenteau, S. C., Hurd, K., Wu, H. ve Feck, C. (2019). Attachment to God and psychological adjustment: God’s responses and our coping strategies. Journal of Religion and Health, 58, 1286-1306.
• Pargament, K. I. (1997). The psychology of religion and coping: Theory, research, practice. Guilford Press.
• Rizzuto, A. M. (2007). God in the mind. Annual of Psychoanalysis, 35, 293-307.
• Rosenbaum, S. E. (1989). The symmetry argument: Lucretius against the fear of death. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 50(2), 353-373.
• Tomer, A. ve Eliason, G. (2000). Attitudes about life and death: Toward a comprehensive model of death anxiety. In A. Tomer (Ed.), Death attitudes and the older adult: Theories, concepts, and applications (s.3-22). Brunner-Routledge.
• Türk, M. E. ve Bilici, M. (2021). Psikanalitik ve psikodinamik perspektiften din ve maneviyat. İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(18), 22-34.
• Underwood, L. (1999). Daily spiritual experiences. In Multidimensional measurement of religiousness/spirituality for use in health research (s. 11-17). John E. Fetzer Institute.
• Wink, P. (2006). Who is afraid of death? Religiousness, spirituality, and death anxiety in late adulthood. Journal of Religion, Spirituality & Aging, 18(2-3), 93-110.
• Wink, P. ve Ciciolla, L. (2005). Relation between religiousness, spirituality, and personality: Findings from a long-term longitudinal study. Unpublished manuscript, Wellesley College, Wellesley.
• Wink, P. ve Dillon, M. (2003). Religiousness, spirituality, and psychosocial functioning in late adulthood: Findings from a longitudinal study. Psychology and Aging, 18, 916-924.
• Wink, P. ve Scott, J. (2005). Does religiousness buffer against the fear of death and dying in late adulthood? Findings from a longitudinal study. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 60(4), P207-P214.
• Winnicott, D. W. (1971). The use of an object and relating through identifications. Playing and Reality.
• Winnicott, D. W. (2013). The child and the family: First relationships (Vol. 6). Routledge.
• Wong, P. T. P., Reker, G. T. ve Gesser, T. (1994). Death attitude profile-Revised: A multidimensional measure of attitudes toward death. In R. A. Neimeyer (Ed.), Death anxiety handbook (s. 121-148). Washington DC: Taylor & Francis.
• Wuthnow, R. (1998). After heaven: Spirituality in America since the 1950s. University of California Press.
• Yalom, I. (1980). Existential psychotherapy. Basic Books.
• Yazıcıoğlu, Y. ve Erdoğan, S. (2014). SPSS uygulamalı bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Detay Yayıncılık.