Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Discrimination of earthquakes and quarries in Kula District (Manisa, Turkey) and its vicinity by using linear discriminate function method and artificial neural networks

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 164 Sayı: 164, 75 - 92, 15.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.757701

Öz

In this study, seismic events in Kula district (Manisa, Turkey) and its vicinity have been investigated and then natural and artificial seismic activities are discriminated. Total of 77 digital vertical component velocity seismograms of seismic activities with ML≤3.5 magnitude from seismic activity catalogs between 2009 to 2014 recorded by Manisa Kula (KULA) broadband station operated by Bogazici University, Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Resarch Institute Regional Earthquake- Tsunami Monitoring Center (RETMC) were used in this study. The maximum S-wave and maximum P-wave amplitude ratio (Ratio) of vertical component velocity seismograms and power ratio for (1 and 12 sec.) (Complexity-C) and total signal duration (Duration) of the waveform were calculated. The earthquakes and the quarry blasts have been discriminated using linear discriminant function (LDF) and Back Propagation-Feed Forward Neural Networks (BPNNs) that is one of the learning algorithms at the artificial neural networks (ANNs) methods taking correlation between these parameters into consideration. 39 (51%) of the 77 seismic activities were identified as quarry blasts and 38 (49%) of them as earthquakes LDF and ANNs methods have been applied together for the first time for Ratio-C, Ratio-logS and Ratio-duration parameter pairs with the data of Manisa and surroundings, and earthquakes and quarry blasts have been distinguished from each other. LDF and ANNs methods were compared for each pair of parameters. Both of two methods are successful but the ANNs method has higher accuracy percentage values than LDF method when there is sufficient number of data. The accuracy percentages are different for a pair of Ratio versus C, for a pair of Ratio versus logS and for a pair of Ratio versus duration, respectively.

Teşekkür

During the preparation of this study, we would like to express our gratitude to the employees of Boğaziçi University Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute Regional Earthquake-Tsunami Monitoring Center who shared data on the seismic events of the KULA station.

Kaynakça

  • Arai, N., Yosida, Y. 2004. Discrimination by short- period seismograms. International Institute of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering, Building Research Institute (IISEE), Lecture Note, Global Course, Tsukuba, Japan.
  • Badawy, A., Gamal, M., Farid, W., Soliman, M.S. 2019. Decontamination of earthquake catalog from quarry blast events in northern Egypt. Journal of Seismology 23, 1357–1372.
  • Baumgardt, D.R., Young, G.B. 1990. Regional seismic waveform discriminants and case-based event identification using regional arrays. Bulletin Seismological Society of America 80 (Part B), 1874–1892.
  • Bayrak, Y., Bayrak, E., Yılmaz, Ş., Türker, T., Softa, M. 2013. En büyük olasılık yöntemi kullanılarak Batı Anadolu’nun farklı bölgelerinde aletsel dönem için deprem tehlike analizi. 2. Türkiye Deprem Mühendisliği ve Sismoloji Konferansı, 25-27 Eylül 2013 – MKÜ – Hatay, Türkiye, 1-7.
  • Budakoğlu, E., Horasan, G. 2018. Classification of seismic events using linear discriminant function (LDF) in the Sakarya region. Turkey, Acta Geophysica 66, 895-906.
  • Ceydilek N., Horasan G. 2019. Manisa ve Çevresinde Deprem ve Patlatma Verilerinin Ayırt Edilmesi, Türk Deprem Araştırma Dergisi 1(1), 26-47.
  • Charrier, C., Lebru, G., Lezoray, O. 2007. Selection of features by a machine learning expert to design a color image quality metrics. 3rd Int. Workshop on Video Processing and Quality Metrics for Consumer Electronics (VPQM) 113-119, Scottsdale, Arizona.
  • Çayakan, Ç. 2012. Estimation of partial saturation to be induced in liquefiable sands for mitigation using artificial neural network approach. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü İnşaat Mühendisliği EABD Deprem Mühendisliği Bilim Dalı, İstanbul, 117 s.
  • Çetin, M., Uğur, A., Bayzan, Ş. 2006. İleri beslemeli yapay sinir ağlarında Backpropagation algoritmasının sezgisel yaklaşımı. IV. Bilgelik ve Akademik Bilişim 2006 Sempozyumu, 9-11 Şubat 2006, Denizli, Turkey.
  • Del Pezzo, E. D., Esposito, A., Giudicepietro, F., Marinaro, M., Martini, M., Scarpetta, S. 2003. Discrimination of Earthquakes and Underwater Explosions Using Neural Networks. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 93, 1, pp. 215-223.
  • Deniz, P. 2010. Deprem ve patlatma verilerinin birbirinden ayırt edilmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Sakarya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Jeofizik Mühendisliği EABD, Sakarya, 64 s.
  • Dowla, F., Taylor, S. R., Anderson, R. W. 1990. Seismic discrimination with artificial neural networks: Preliminary results with regional spectral data. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 80 (5), 1346-1373.
  • Emre, Ö., Duman, T.Y., Özalp, S., Elmacı, H., Olgun, S., Şaroğlu, S. 2013. Active Fault Map of Turkey with Explanatory Text. General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, Special Publication Series 30 Ankara, Turkey.
  • Fisher, R. A. 1936. The use of multiple measurements in taxonomic problems. Annals of Human Genetics 7 (2), 179-188.
  • Gitterman, Y., Pinsky, V., Shapira, A. 1998. Spectral classification methods in monitoring small local events by the Israel seismic network. Journal of Seismology 2, 237-26.
  • Gradshteyn, I.S., Ryzhik, I.M. 2007. Table of integrals, series, and products. Academic Press, Seventh Edition, pp. 28-35.
  • Gutenberg, B., Richter, C. F. 1949. Seismicity of the earth and associated penomenon, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New York.
  • Gülbağ, A. 2006. Yapay sinir ağı ve bulanık mantık tabanlı algoritmalar ile uçucu organic bileşiklerin miktarsal tayini. Doktora Tezi, Sakarya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Elektrik- Elektronik Mühendisliği EABD, Sakarya 165 s.
  • Hagan, M.T., Menhaj, M. 1994. Training feed-forward networks with the Marquardt algorithm. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks 5(6): 989-99.
  • Hammer, C., Ohrnberger, M., Fah, D. 2013. Classifying seismic waveforms from scratch: a case study in the alpine environment. Geophys. J. Int. Seismology 192: 425-439.
  • Haykin, S. 2009. Neural Networks and Learning Machines. Third Edition, Pearson Prentice Hall Press, 14, ISBN: 9780131471399.
  • Horasan, G., Boztepe-Güney, A., Küsmezer, A., Bekler, F., Öğütçü, Z. 2006. İstanbul ve civarındaki deprem ve patlatma verilerinin birbirinden ayırt edilmesi ve kataloglanması. Proje Sonuç Raporu, Proje No: 05T202, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Araştırma Fonu, 45 s.
  • Horasan, G., Boztepe-Güney, A., Küsmezer, A., Bekler, F., Öğütçü, Z., Musaoğlu, N. 2009. Contamination of seismicity catalogs by quarry blasts: An example from İstanbul and its vicinity, northwestern Turkey. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 34, 90– 99.
  • James, G., Witten, D., Hastie, T., Tibshirani, R. 2017. An introduction to statistical learning with application in R. 7. Baskı, Springer Yayınları, sy. 801.
  • Kaftan, I., Salk, M., Senol, Y. 2017. Processing of earthquake catalog data of Western Turkey with artificial neural networks and adaptive neuro- fuzzy inference system. Arabian Geophysical Geosciences 10:243.
  • Kalafat, D. 2010. Türkiye’de Depremlerin Magnitüd-Frekans Uzaysal Dağılımı ve Deprem Kataloğundan Taş Ocağı - Maden Ocağı Patlatmalarının Ayıklanması. Aktif Tektonik Araştırma Grubu 14. Çalıştayı Bildiri Özleri Kitabı 3-6 Kasım 2010, Adıyaman 27 p.
  • Kartal, Ö. F. 2010. Trabzon ve civarındaki deprem ve patlatma verilerinin birbirinden ayırt edilmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Sakarya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Jeofizik Mühendisliği EABD, Sakarya 43 s.
  • Kekovalı, K., Kalafat, D., Deniz, P., Kara, M., Yılmazer, M., Küsmezer, A., Altuncu, S., Çomoğlu, M., Kılıç, K. 2010. Detection of Potential Mining and Quarry Areas in Turkey Using Seismic Catalog, 19. Türkiye Uluslararası Jeofizik ve Sergisi, 23-26 Kasım 2010, Poster, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Kekovalı, K., Kalafat, D., Deniz, P. 2012a. Spectral discrimination between mining blasts and natural earthquakes: Application to the vicinity of Tunçbilek mining area, Western Turkey. International Journal of Physical Sciences 7(35), 5339-5352.
  • Kekovalı, K., Kalafat, D., Deniz, P., Kara, M., Köseoğlu, A., Yılmazer, M., Poyraz, S., Çomoğlu M. 2012b. Patlatma Deprem Ayrımına Yönelik Zaman- Frekans Ortamı Analizleri; Tunçbilek-Kütahya Sahası Veri Madenciliği Uygulaması. ATAG 16 Çalıştayı, 18-19 Ekim 2012, İstanbul, p. 29.
  • Kermani, B.G., Schiffman, S.S., Nagle, H.G. 2005. Performance of the Levenberg–Marquardt neural network training method in electronic nose applications. Science Direct, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 110(1):13-22.
  • Kızılbuğa, S. 2006. Isparta ilinin olasılıksal yöntem ile sismik tehlikesinin tahmini. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Sakarya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Jeofizik Mühendisliği EABD, Sakarya 47 s.
  • Kipli, K., Muhammad, M.H., Masra, S.M.W., Zamhari, N., Lias, K., Mat, D.A.A. 2012. Performance of Levenberg-Marquardt Backpropagation for full reference hybrid image quality metrics. Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and the Computer Scienctists IMECS2012, 1, March 14-16, 2012, Hong Kong.
  • Kortström, J., Uski, M., Tiira, T. 2016. Automatic classification of seismic events within a regional seismograph network. Computers and Geosciences 87:22-30.
  • Kundu, A., Bhadauria, Y. S., Roy, F. 2012. Discrimination between earthquakes and chemical explosions using artificial neural networks, Scientific Information Resource Division, BHABHA Atomic Research Centre Technical Report, BARC/2012/E/004, Mumbai, India.
  • Küyük, H. S., Yıldırım, E., Horasan, G., Doğan, E. 2009. Deprem ve taş ocağı patlatma verilerinin tepki yüzeyi, çok değişkenli regresyon ve öğrenmeli vektör nicemleme yöntemleri ile incelenmesi. Uluslararası Sakarya Deprem Sempozyumu, 1-3 Ekim 2009, Kocaeli 1-10.
  • Küyük, H.S., Yıldırım, E. Doğan, E., Horasan, G. 2010. Self organizing Map Approach for discrimination of seismic event and quarry blasts in the vicinity of İstanbul. 14th European Conference on earthquake engineering, 30 August-3rd September 2010, Ohrid-Republic of Macedonia.
  • Küyük, H.S., Yıldırım, E. Doğan, E., Horasan, G. 2011a. An unsupervised learning algoritm: application to the discrimination of seismic events and quarry blasts in the vicinity of İstanbul. Natural Hazards of Earth System Sciences 11, 93-100.
  • Küyük, H.S., Yıldırım, E. Doğan, E., Horasan, G. 2011b. Clustering seismic activities using nonlinear discriminant analysis. Sixth International Conference of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering, 16-18 May 2011, Tehran-Iran.
  • Küyük, H.S., Yıldırım, E. Doğan, E., Horasan, G. 2012. Application of k-means and Gaussian mixture model for classification of seismic activities in İstanbul. Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 19, 411-419.
  • Levenberg, K. 1944. A method for the solution of certain non-linear problems in least squares. Quart Appl Math 2:164-168.
  • Marquardt, D.W. 1963. An Algorithm for Least-Squares Estimation of Nonlinear Parameters. Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics 11(2): 431-441.
  • Matlab, 2011. Version 7.11.0 (R2011a), Natick, Massachusetts: The Math Works Inc.
  • Mousavi, S.M., Horton, S.P., Langston, C.A., Samei, B. 2016. Seismic features and automatic discrimination of deep and shallow induced-microearthquakes using neural network and logistic regression. Geophys. J. Int. 207: 29–46.
  • Öğütçü, Z., Horasan, G., Kalafat, D. 2010. Investigation of microseismic activity sources in Konya and its vicinity, central Turkey. Natural Hazards 58 (1), 497-509.
  • Patro, K.S.G., Sahu, K.K. 2015. Normalization: A Preprocessing Stage, India (08/05/2019) arXiv:1503.06462.
  • Rumelhart, D.E., Hinton, G.E., Williams, R.J. 1986. Learning internal representations by error propagation. In D. Rumelhart, D.L. and McClelland, J.L. eds, Vol 1, Chapter 8, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Spss, 2005. V.17.0 for Windows. SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences): Increments.
  • Şaroğlu, F., Emre, Ö., Kuşçu, İ. 1992. Active fault map of Turkey. Publication of General Directorate of Miner. Res. Explor. Inst. Turkey, Ankara.
  • Ursino, A., Langer, H., Scarfì, L., Grazia, G.D., Gresta, S. 2001. Discrimination of quarry blasts from tectonic earthquakes in the Iblean platform (Southeastern Sicily). Annali di Geofisica 44-4, 703-722.
  • Üstün, O. 2009a. Genetik algoritma kullanılarak ileri beslemeli bir sinir ağında etkinlik fonksiyonlarının belirlenmesi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 15 (3), 395-403.
  • Üstün, O. 2009b. Measurement and real-time modeling of inductance and flux linkage in switched reluctance motor., IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 45 (12), 5376-5382.
  • Üstün, O. 2009c. A nonlinear full model of switched reluctance motor with artificial neural network. Energy Conversion and Management 50, 2413–2421.
  • Üstün, O., Yıldız, İ. 2009. Geri-yayılmalı öğrenme algoritmasındaki öğrenme parametrelerinin genetik algoritma ile belirlenmesi. Süleyman Demirel University International Technologic Science 1(2), 61-73.
  • Yavuz, E., Sertçelik, F., Livaoğlu, H., Woith, H. Lühr, B. G. 2018. Discrimination of quarry blasts from tectonic events in the Armutlu Peninsula, Turkey. Journal of Seismology 23 (1), 59-76.
  • Yıldırım, E. 2013. Sismik dalgaların sönüm karakterinden zemin özelliklerinin belirlenerek sınıflandırılması. Doktora Tezi, Sakarya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Jeofizik Mühendisliği EABD, Sakarya, 176 s.
  • Yıldırım, E., Gülbağ, A., Horasan, G., Doğan, E. 2011. Discrimination of quarry blasts and earthquakes in the vicinity of İstanbul using soft computing techniques. Computers and Geosciences 37, 1209-1217.
  • Yılmaz, Ş., Bayrak, Y., Çınar, H. 2013. Discrimination of earthquakes and quarry blasts in the eastern Black Sea region of Turkey. Journal of Seismology 17 (2), pp. 721-734.
  • Wessel, P., Smith, W.H.F. 1995. New version of the generic mapping tools (GMT) Version 3.0 released, Transactions. American Geophysical Union 76, 329.
  • Wüster, J. 1993. Discrimination of chemical explosions and earthquakes in central Europe-a case study. Bulletin of Seismological Society of America 83, 1184-1212.
Yıl 2021, Cilt: 164 Sayı: 164, 75 - 92, 15.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.757701

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Arai, N., Yosida, Y. 2004. Discrimination by short- period seismograms. International Institute of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering, Building Research Institute (IISEE), Lecture Note, Global Course, Tsukuba, Japan.
  • Badawy, A., Gamal, M., Farid, W., Soliman, M.S. 2019. Decontamination of earthquake catalog from quarry blast events in northern Egypt. Journal of Seismology 23, 1357–1372.
  • Baumgardt, D.R., Young, G.B. 1990. Regional seismic waveform discriminants and case-based event identification using regional arrays. Bulletin Seismological Society of America 80 (Part B), 1874–1892.
  • Bayrak, Y., Bayrak, E., Yılmaz, Ş., Türker, T., Softa, M. 2013. En büyük olasılık yöntemi kullanılarak Batı Anadolu’nun farklı bölgelerinde aletsel dönem için deprem tehlike analizi. 2. Türkiye Deprem Mühendisliği ve Sismoloji Konferansı, 25-27 Eylül 2013 – MKÜ – Hatay, Türkiye, 1-7.
  • Budakoğlu, E., Horasan, G. 2018. Classification of seismic events using linear discriminant function (LDF) in the Sakarya region. Turkey, Acta Geophysica 66, 895-906.
  • Ceydilek N., Horasan G. 2019. Manisa ve Çevresinde Deprem ve Patlatma Verilerinin Ayırt Edilmesi, Türk Deprem Araştırma Dergisi 1(1), 26-47.
  • Charrier, C., Lebru, G., Lezoray, O. 2007. Selection of features by a machine learning expert to design a color image quality metrics. 3rd Int. Workshop on Video Processing and Quality Metrics for Consumer Electronics (VPQM) 113-119, Scottsdale, Arizona.
  • Çayakan, Ç. 2012. Estimation of partial saturation to be induced in liquefiable sands for mitigation using artificial neural network approach. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü İnşaat Mühendisliği EABD Deprem Mühendisliği Bilim Dalı, İstanbul, 117 s.
  • Çetin, M., Uğur, A., Bayzan, Ş. 2006. İleri beslemeli yapay sinir ağlarında Backpropagation algoritmasının sezgisel yaklaşımı. IV. Bilgelik ve Akademik Bilişim 2006 Sempozyumu, 9-11 Şubat 2006, Denizli, Turkey.
  • Del Pezzo, E. D., Esposito, A., Giudicepietro, F., Marinaro, M., Martini, M., Scarpetta, S. 2003. Discrimination of Earthquakes and Underwater Explosions Using Neural Networks. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 93, 1, pp. 215-223.
  • Deniz, P. 2010. Deprem ve patlatma verilerinin birbirinden ayırt edilmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Sakarya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Jeofizik Mühendisliği EABD, Sakarya, 64 s.
  • Dowla, F., Taylor, S. R., Anderson, R. W. 1990. Seismic discrimination with artificial neural networks: Preliminary results with regional spectral data. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 80 (5), 1346-1373.
  • Emre, Ö., Duman, T.Y., Özalp, S., Elmacı, H., Olgun, S., Şaroğlu, S. 2013. Active Fault Map of Turkey with Explanatory Text. General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, Special Publication Series 30 Ankara, Turkey.
  • Fisher, R. A. 1936. The use of multiple measurements in taxonomic problems. Annals of Human Genetics 7 (2), 179-188.
  • Gitterman, Y., Pinsky, V., Shapira, A. 1998. Spectral classification methods in monitoring small local events by the Israel seismic network. Journal of Seismology 2, 237-26.
  • Gradshteyn, I.S., Ryzhik, I.M. 2007. Table of integrals, series, and products. Academic Press, Seventh Edition, pp. 28-35.
  • Gutenberg, B., Richter, C. F. 1949. Seismicity of the earth and associated penomenon, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New York.
  • Gülbağ, A. 2006. Yapay sinir ağı ve bulanık mantık tabanlı algoritmalar ile uçucu organic bileşiklerin miktarsal tayini. Doktora Tezi, Sakarya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Elektrik- Elektronik Mühendisliği EABD, Sakarya 165 s.
  • Hagan, M.T., Menhaj, M. 1994. Training feed-forward networks with the Marquardt algorithm. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks 5(6): 989-99.
  • Hammer, C., Ohrnberger, M., Fah, D. 2013. Classifying seismic waveforms from scratch: a case study in the alpine environment. Geophys. J. Int. Seismology 192: 425-439.
  • Haykin, S. 2009. Neural Networks and Learning Machines. Third Edition, Pearson Prentice Hall Press, 14, ISBN: 9780131471399.
  • Horasan, G., Boztepe-Güney, A., Küsmezer, A., Bekler, F., Öğütçü, Z. 2006. İstanbul ve civarındaki deprem ve patlatma verilerinin birbirinden ayırt edilmesi ve kataloglanması. Proje Sonuç Raporu, Proje No: 05T202, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Araştırma Fonu, 45 s.
  • Horasan, G., Boztepe-Güney, A., Küsmezer, A., Bekler, F., Öğütçü, Z., Musaoğlu, N. 2009. Contamination of seismicity catalogs by quarry blasts: An example from İstanbul and its vicinity, northwestern Turkey. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 34, 90– 99.
  • James, G., Witten, D., Hastie, T., Tibshirani, R. 2017. An introduction to statistical learning with application in R. 7. Baskı, Springer Yayınları, sy. 801.
  • Kaftan, I., Salk, M., Senol, Y. 2017. Processing of earthquake catalog data of Western Turkey with artificial neural networks and adaptive neuro- fuzzy inference system. Arabian Geophysical Geosciences 10:243.
  • Kalafat, D. 2010. Türkiye’de Depremlerin Magnitüd-Frekans Uzaysal Dağılımı ve Deprem Kataloğundan Taş Ocağı - Maden Ocağı Patlatmalarının Ayıklanması. Aktif Tektonik Araştırma Grubu 14. Çalıştayı Bildiri Özleri Kitabı 3-6 Kasım 2010, Adıyaman 27 p.
  • Kartal, Ö. F. 2010. Trabzon ve civarındaki deprem ve patlatma verilerinin birbirinden ayırt edilmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Sakarya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Jeofizik Mühendisliği EABD, Sakarya 43 s.
  • Kekovalı, K., Kalafat, D., Deniz, P., Kara, M., Yılmazer, M., Küsmezer, A., Altuncu, S., Çomoğlu, M., Kılıç, K. 2010. Detection of Potential Mining and Quarry Areas in Turkey Using Seismic Catalog, 19. Türkiye Uluslararası Jeofizik ve Sergisi, 23-26 Kasım 2010, Poster, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Kekovalı, K., Kalafat, D., Deniz, P. 2012a. Spectral discrimination between mining blasts and natural earthquakes: Application to the vicinity of Tunçbilek mining area, Western Turkey. International Journal of Physical Sciences 7(35), 5339-5352.
  • Kekovalı, K., Kalafat, D., Deniz, P., Kara, M., Köseoğlu, A., Yılmazer, M., Poyraz, S., Çomoğlu M. 2012b. Patlatma Deprem Ayrımına Yönelik Zaman- Frekans Ortamı Analizleri; Tunçbilek-Kütahya Sahası Veri Madenciliği Uygulaması. ATAG 16 Çalıştayı, 18-19 Ekim 2012, İstanbul, p. 29.
  • Kermani, B.G., Schiffman, S.S., Nagle, H.G. 2005. Performance of the Levenberg–Marquardt neural network training method in electronic nose applications. Science Direct, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 110(1):13-22.
  • Kızılbuğa, S. 2006. Isparta ilinin olasılıksal yöntem ile sismik tehlikesinin tahmini. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Sakarya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Jeofizik Mühendisliği EABD, Sakarya 47 s.
  • Kipli, K., Muhammad, M.H., Masra, S.M.W., Zamhari, N., Lias, K., Mat, D.A.A. 2012. Performance of Levenberg-Marquardt Backpropagation for full reference hybrid image quality metrics. Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and the Computer Scienctists IMECS2012, 1, March 14-16, 2012, Hong Kong.
  • Kortström, J., Uski, M., Tiira, T. 2016. Automatic classification of seismic events within a regional seismograph network. Computers and Geosciences 87:22-30.
  • Kundu, A., Bhadauria, Y. S., Roy, F. 2012. Discrimination between earthquakes and chemical explosions using artificial neural networks, Scientific Information Resource Division, BHABHA Atomic Research Centre Technical Report, BARC/2012/E/004, Mumbai, India.
  • Küyük, H. S., Yıldırım, E., Horasan, G., Doğan, E. 2009. Deprem ve taş ocağı patlatma verilerinin tepki yüzeyi, çok değişkenli regresyon ve öğrenmeli vektör nicemleme yöntemleri ile incelenmesi. Uluslararası Sakarya Deprem Sempozyumu, 1-3 Ekim 2009, Kocaeli 1-10.
  • Küyük, H.S., Yıldırım, E. Doğan, E., Horasan, G. 2010. Self organizing Map Approach for discrimination of seismic event and quarry blasts in the vicinity of İstanbul. 14th European Conference on earthquake engineering, 30 August-3rd September 2010, Ohrid-Republic of Macedonia.
  • Küyük, H.S., Yıldırım, E. Doğan, E., Horasan, G. 2011a. An unsupervised learning algoritm: application to the discrimination of seismic events and quarry blasts in the vicinity of İstanbul. Natural Hazards of Earth System Sciences 11, 93-100.
  • Küyük, H.S., Yıldırım, E. Doğan, E., Horasan, G. 2011b. Clustering seismic activities using nonlinear discriminant analysis. Sixth International Conference of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering, 16-18 May 2011, Tehran-Iran.
  • Küyük, H.S., Yıldırım, E. Doğan, E., Horasan, G. 2012. Application of k-means and Gaussian mixture model for classification of seismic activities in İstanbul. Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 19, 411-419.
  • Levenberg, K. 1944. A method for the solution of certain non-linear problems in least squares. Quart Appl Math 2:164-168.
  • Marquardt, D.W. 1963. An Algorithm for Least-Squares Estimation of Nonlinear Parameters. Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics 11(2): 431-441.
  • Matlab, 2011. Version 7.11.0 (R2011a), Natick, Massachusetts: The Math Works Inc.
  • Mousavi, S.M., Horton, S.P., Langston, C.A., Samei, B. 2016. Seismic features and automatic discrimination of deep and shallow induced-microearthquakes using neural network and logistic regression. Geophys. J. Int. 207: 29–46.
  • Öğütçü, Z., Horasan, G., Kalafat, D. 2010. Investigation of microseismic activity sources in Konya and its vicinity, central Turkey. Natural Hazards 58 (1), 497-509.
  • Patro, K.S.G., Sahu, K.K. 2015. Normalization: A Preprocessing Stage, India (08/05/2019) arXiv:1503.06462.
  • Rumelhart, D.E., Hinton, G.E., Williams, R.J. 1986. Learning internal representations by error propagation. In D. Rumelhart, D.L. and McClelland, J.L. eds, Vol 1, Chapter 8, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Spss, 2005. V.17.0 for Windows. SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences): Increments.
  • Şaroğlu, F., Emre, Ö., Kuşçu, İ. 1992. Active fault map of Turkey. Publication of General Directorate of Miner. Res. Explor. Inst. Turkey, Ankara.
  • Ursino, A., Langer, H., Scarfì, L., Grazia, G.D., Gresta, S. 2001. Discrimination of quarry blasts from tectonic earthquakes in the Iblean platform (Southeastern Sicily). Annali di Geofisica 44-4, 703-722.
  • Üstün, O. 2009a. Genetik algoritma kullanılarak ileri beslemeli bir sinir ağında etkinlik fonksiyonlarının belirlenmesi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 15 (3), 395-403.
  • Üstün, O. 2009b. Measurement and real-time modeling of inductance and flux linkage in switched reluctance motor., IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 45 (12), 5376-5382.
  • Üstün, O. 2009c. A nonlinear full model of switched reluctance motor with artificial neural network. Energy Conversion and Management 50, 2413–2421.
  • Üstün, O., Yıldız, İ. 2009. Geri-yayılmalı öğrenme algoritmasındaki öğrenme parametrelerinin genetik algoritma ile belirlenmesi. Süleyman Demirel University International Technologic Science 1(2), 61-73.
  • Yavuz, E., Sertçelik, F., Livaoğlu, H., Woith, H. Lühr, B. G. 2018. Discrimination of quarry blasts from tectonic events in the Armutlu Peninsula, Turkey. Journal of Seismology 23 (1), 59-76.
  • Yıldırım, E. 2013. Sismik dalgaların sönüm karakterinden zemin özelliklerinin belirlenerek sınıflandırılması. Doktora Tezi, Sakarya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Jeofizik Mühendisliği EABD, Sakarya, 176 s.
  • Yıldırım, E., Gülbağ, A., Horasan, G., Doğan, E. 2011. Discrimination of quarry blasts and earthquakes in the vicinity of İstanbul using soft computing techniques. Computers and Geosciences 37, 1209-1217.
  • Yılmaz, Ş., Bayrak, Y., Çınar, H. 2013. Discrimination of earthquakes and quarry blasts in the eastern Black Sea region of Turkey. Journal of Seismology 17 (2), pp. 721-734.
  • Wessel, P., Smith, W.H.F. 1995. New version of the generic mapping tools (GMT) Version 3.0 released, Transactions. American Geophysical Union 76, 329.
  • Wüster, J. 1993. Discrimination of chemical explosions and earthquakes in central Europe-a case study. Bulletin of Seismological Society of America 83, 1184-1212.
Toplam 60 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Aylin Tan Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-0174-5146

Gündüz Horasan Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-7140-1413

Doğan Kalafat Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-4888-3311

Ali Gülbağ Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-5867-0811

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Nisan 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 164 Sayı: 164

Kaynak Göster

APA Tan, A., Horasan, G., Kalafat, D., Gülbağ, A. (2021). Discrimination of earthquakes and quarries in Kula District (Manisa, Turkey) and its vicinity by using linear discriminate function method and artificial neural networks. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration, 164(164), 75-92. https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.757701
AMA Tan A, Horasan G, Kalafat D, Gülbağ A. Discrimination of earthquakes and quarries in Kula District (Manisa, Turkey) and its vicinity by using linear discriminate function method and artificial neural networks. Bull.Min.Res.Exp. Nisan 2021;164(164):75-92. doi:10.19111/bulletinofmre.757701
Chicago Tan, Aylin, Gündüz Horasan, Doğan Kalafat, ve Ali Gülbağ. “Discrimination of Earthquakes and Quarries in Kula District (Manisa, Turkey) and Its Vicinity by Using Linear Discriminate Function Method and Artificial Neural Networks”. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 164, sy. 164 (Nisan 2021): 75-92. https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.757701.
EndNote Tan A, Horasan G, Kalafat D, Gülbağ A (01 Nisan 2021) Discrimination of earthquakes and quarries in Kula District (Manisa, Turkey) and its vicinity by using linear discriminate function method and artificial neural networks. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 164 164 75–92.
IEEE A. Tan, G. Horasan, D. Kalafat, ve A. Gülbağ, “Discrimination of earthquakes and quarries in Kula District (Manisa, Turkey) and its vicinity by using linear discriminate function method and artificial neural networks”, Bull.Min.Res.Exp., c. 164, sy. 164, ss. 75–92, 2021, doi: 10.19111/bulletinofmre.757701.
ISNAD Tan, Aylin vd. “Discrimination of Earthquakes and Quarries in Kula District (Manisa, Turkey) and Its Vicinity by Using Linear Discriminate Function Method and Artificial Neural Networks”. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 164/164 (Nisan 2021), 75-92. https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.757701.
JAMA Tan A, Horasan G, Kalafat D, Gülbağ A. Discrimination of earthquakes and quarries in Kula District (Manisa, Turkey) and its vicinity by using linear discriminate function method and artificial neural networks. Bull.Min.Res.Exp. 2021;164:75–92.
MLA Tan, Aylin vd. “Discrimination of Earthquakes and Quarries in Kula District (Manisa, Turkey) and Its Vicinity by Using Linear Discriminate Function Method and Artificial Neural Networks”. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration, c. 164, sy. 164, 2021, ss. 75-92, doi:10.19111/bulletinofmre.757701.
Vancouver Tan A, Horasan G, Kalafat D, Gülbağ A. Discrimination of earthquakes and quarries in Kula District (Manisa, Turkey) and its vicinity by using linear discriminate function method and artificial neural networks. Bull.Min.Res.Exp. 2021;164(164):75-92.

Copyright and Licence
The Bulletin of Mineral Research and Exploration keeps the Law on Intellectual and Artistic Works No: 5846. The Bulletin of Mineral Research and Exploration publishes the articles under the terms of “Creatice Common Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0)” licence which allows to others to download your works and share them with others as long as they credit you, but they can’t change them in any way or use them commercially.

For further details;
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/?lang=en