Aegean Climate Compatible Ornamental Grass Species and Visual Properties for Landscape Design

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 34 Sayı: Özel Sayı, 291 - 302, 30.09.2020

Meltem Yağmur Wallace Ali Salman

Öz

Peyzaj mimarlığı, ekolojik dengenin korunması ve/veya yeniden oluşturulması prensibine dayalı multidisipliner bir branşdır. Peyzaj tasarımı ise gerek canlı gerekse cansız materyalin birlikteliğini, bu prensibe oturtarak kurgular. Ekolojik denge için mutlak olan bitkisel materyal, ağaç-ağaççık, çalı, sarılıcı-tırmanıcı, yer örtücü ve çim grupları şeklinde hiyerarşik olarak sınıflandırılarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu düzen içinde, Türkiye için göreceli olarak yeni ve sıklıkla kullanımına rastlanmayan bir grubu ise süs çimleri (ornamental grasses) oluşturmaktadır. Süs çimleri, nispeten düşük su tüketimleri nedeniyle ekolojik, peyzaja hareket katmaları nedeniyle de estetik olarak ön plana çıkan; genel olarak yer örtücü veya çalımsı formda gelişen bitki gruplarından oluşmaktadırlar.
Bu çalışmada, Acorus gramineus ‘Ogon’ ile ‘Variegatus’; Carex comans ‘Bronze’; Carex morrowii ‘Ice Dance’; Carex oshimensis ‘Everest’ ile ‘Evergold’; Carex testacea, Cortaderia selloana ‘Gold Band’ ile ‘Silverstar’; Leymus arenarius; Liriope muscari ile L. muscari ‘Variegata’; Miscanthus sinensis ‘Flamingo’ ile ‘Zebrinus’; Muhlenbergia capillaris; Ophiopogon japonicus ile O. japonicus ‘Variegatus’; Pennisetum viridescens; Pennisetum setaceum ‘Rubrum’ ve P. villosum ile Stipa tenuissima olmak üzere 10 grass cinsine ait 21 tür ve bunların 14 çeşidinin Ege Bölgesi koşullarında geçirdiği 4 mevsimlik dönem gözlenmiş, bu süreçte bu bitkilerin gösterdikleri alan adaptasyonu ile görsel değişimleri incelenmiştir.
Sonuç olarak, İzmir Bayındır ilçesinde, peyzaj sektörüne yönelik olarak satışı yapılan grass grubu bitkiler arasından, açık alan adaptasyonunu sağlayabilen ve görsel bütünlüğü bozulmayan türler saptanmıştır. Dolayısıyla, Ege ve Akdeniz iklim koşullarına sahip alanlarda gerçekleştirilecek peyzaj tasarımlarında kullanılabilecek, uyumlu süs çimi türleri ile söz konusu bu türlerin görsel özellikleri yönünden rehber niteliğinde bir kaynak oluşturulmuştur. Bu doğrultuda, gerçekleştirilmesi hedeflenen çevre dostu peyzaj tasarımlarında, biyolojik çeşitliliği yükseltmek ve görsel zenginliği arttırmak amaçlarıyla ilgili bitkilerin kullanımını yaygınlaştırmak hedeflenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Süsçimleri, yerörtücüler, peyzaj tasarımı, grasses, kurakçıl peyzaj

Peyzaj Tasarımlarında Kullanılabilecek Ege Bölgesine Uyumlu Süs Çimi Türleri ve Görsel Özellikleri

Öz

Landscape architecture is a multidisciplinary branch based on the principle of conservation and / or re-creation of ecological balance. Landscape design is the fusion of both living and inanimate material based on this principle. The plant material, which is absolute for ecological balance, is classified hierarchically and used in the form of trees, shrubs, climbers, groundcovers, and grass groups. Within this structure, ornamental grasses constitute a group which is relatively new and infrequently used in Turkey. Ornamental grasses - the group of plants that develop mainly in ground covering or bushy form - are ecologically prominent, due to relatively low water consumption and design prominent, due to contribution to landscape colour and motion.
In this research, 21 species and its 14 cultivars of 10 grass genera, Acorus gramineus ‘Ogon’ and ‘Variegatus’; Carex comans ‘Bronze’; Carex morrowii ‘Ice Dance’; Carex oshimensis ‘Everest’ and ‘Evergold’; Carex testacea; Cortaderia selloana ‘Gold Band’ and ‘Silverstar’; Leymus arenarius; Liriope muscari and L. muscari ‘Variegata’; Miscanthus sinensis ‘Flamingo’ and ‘Zebrinus’; Muhlenbergia capillaris; Ophiopogon japonicus and O. japonicus ‘Variegatus’; Pennisetum viridescens; Pennisetum setaceum ‘Rubrum’ and P. villosum with Stipa tenuissima, were observed over a four season period in Aegean climatic conditions; in this process, the plants’ adaptation to the area together with the visual changes they demonstrated were examined. As a result, among the grass group plants sold for the landscape sector in the Bayındır district of Izmir, the species which provided open field adaptation and avoided visual deterioration were determined. Therefore, a guiding source has been produced for compatible ornamental grass species and their visual characteristics which can be used in landscape designs in Aegean and Mediterranean climates.
In this direction, it is aimed to spread the use of these grasses in order increase biodiversity and expand the visual richness of environmentally friendly landscape designs.

Anahtar Kelimeler

grasses, groundcovers, landscape design, Ornamental grasses, xeriscape

Kaynakça

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