Palm Yağında 3-MCPD ve Glisidol Esterleri Oluşumuna Proses Şartlarının Etkisi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 35 Sayı: 2, 333 - 354, 01.12.2021

Aslıhan Elmas , Arzu Akpınar Bayizit

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, yemeklik yağ ya da katkı olarak kullanılan palm olein yağının rafinasyonu sırasında
ağartma ajanları ve deodorizasyon sıcaklığı gibi rafinasyona yardımcı kimyasal malzemelerin ve rafinasyon parametrelerin değiştirilmesi ile “proses bulaşanı” olarak ifade edilen 3-MCPD (3-monokloropropan diol) ve GE (glisidol esterleri) oluşumunun önlenmesi ya da azaltılması için uygun proses şartlarını belirlemektir. İncelenecek yağ örnekleri ham yağ, nötralize çıkışı, ağartma çıkışı ve deodorizasyon çıkışından alınmış ve 3-MCPD ile glisidol esterlerinin miktarları DGF Standart Metodu ile GC/MS cihazı kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Nötralize edilen ve nötr ağartma toprağı kullanılan örnekler RBD (rafine-ağartılmış-deodorize) palm olein ile karşılaştırıldığında, 3-MCPD ve GE değerlerindeki en dikkat çeken azalmalar %46.00 ile 220⁰C’de ve %87.85 ile 230⁰C’de deodorizasyon çıkışında tespit edilmiştir. Nötralize edilen ve asit aktive toprak kullanılan örneklerin 3-MCPD ve GE değerleri RBD palm olein ile karşılaştırıldığında ise en büyük azalma sırasıyla %22.80 ile nötralizasyon ve %85.22 ile 200⁰C’deki deodorizasyon çıkışında belirlenmiştir. Nötralize edilmeden nötr ağartma toprağı kullanılan örneklerde 3-MCPD değerinde gözlenen en yüksek azalma %69.91 ile 230⁰C’deki deodorize çıkışında, GE miktarında ise %90.32 ile ağartma çıkışında saptanmıştır. Nötralize edilmeden ve asit aktive toprak kullanılan örneklerde ise 3-MCPD değeri %14.02 ile 230⁰C’deki deodorize çıkışında en yüksek azalmayı gösterirken, GE sonuçlarında en fazla azalma %93.85 ile 230⁰C’deki deodorize çıkışında elde edilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında 3-MCPD miktarının azaltılması hedeflendiğinde, RBD palm olein’de %69.91 düzeyinde azalmanın nötralize edilmeden, nötr ağartma toprağının kullanıldığı ve 230⁰C’de deodorizasyon prosesinin gerçekleştiği parametrelerle sağlandığı tespit edilmiştir. GE miktarının azaltılması hedeflendiğinde ise, %93.85’lik azalma için nötralize edilmeden, asit aktive ağartma toprağının kullanıldığı, 230⁰C’de gerçekleşen deodorizasyon koşulları optimum parametreler olarak tavsiye edilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

3-MCPD, glisidol esterleri, palm yağı, rafinasyon, GC-MS

Teşekkür

Bu tez çalışmasının gerçekleşmesinde katkı sağlayan Emek Yağ Sanayii A.Ş. Yönetim Kurulu Başkanı Sayın Sait UYAR, Yönetim Kurulu Üyesi Sayın Yasemin UYAR, Yönetim Kurulu Üyesi Sayın Sühan ÇOKUŞUĞLU ile Üretim Müdürü Okan Meral’e ve analizlerin yürütülmesi hususunda desteğini esirgemeyen Sayın Orhan EREN ve Dr. Müge NEBİOĞLU’na teşekkür ederiz.

The Impact of Process Conditions on the Formation of 3-MCPD and Glycidol Esters in Palm Oil

Öz

The aim of the present study is to determine the suitable process conditions to prevent and/or reduce the formation of 3-MCPD and glycidol esters expressed as ”process contaminant” by modifying the refining-aid chemical materials and refining parameters, such as bleaching agents and deodorisation temperature during the refining of palm olein oil used as edible oil or additive. The samples were taken from RBD palm olein and outputs of neutralisation, bleaching and deodorisation. The amounts of 3-MCPD and glycidol esters in the samples were determined according to the DGF Standard Method by GC/MS. In the study by neutralizing and using neutral bleaching earth, the highest decrease in the 3-MCPD results was obtained as 46.00% from output of deodorization at 220⁰C, and the highest decrease in glycidol esters was obtained as 87.85% from output of deodorization at 230⁰C. The highest decrease in the 3-MCPD of neutralized and bleached with acid activated earth was obtained as 22.80% from output of neutralization, and the highest decrease in glycidol esters was obtained as 85.22% from output of deodorization at 200⁰C. The highest decrease in the 3-MCPD of nonneutralized and bleached with neutral earth was obtained as 69,91% from output of deodorization at 230⁰C, and the highest decrease in glycidol esters was obtained as %90,32 from output of bleaching. The highest decrease in the 3-MCPD of non-neutralized and bleached with acid activated earth was obtained as 14.02% from output of deodorization at 230⁰C, and the highest decrease in glycidol esters was obtained as 93.85% from output of deodorization at 230⁰C. If the focus is the reduction of 3-MCPD values in RBD palm olein the recommended refining parameters are non-neutralising, using neutral bleaching earth and deodorising at 230⁰C which result in 69.91% decrease. For GE the maximum reduction with 93.85% is obtained by non-neutralising, using acid activated bleaching earth and deodorising at 230⁰C.

Anahtar Kelimeler

3-MCPD, glycidol esters, palm oil, refining, GC-MS

Kaynakça

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