MAKEDON KRALİYET KADINLARININ SİYASİ NÜFUZU ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME (MÖ 393-316)

Öz

Kadınlar, geçmişten günümüze hemen her toplumda yaşamın temel dinamiği olmasına rağmen, ataerkil toplum yapısının etkisiyle görmezden gelinmiştir. Kadınların kamusal ve toplumsal alanda göz ardı edilmesini, erkek egemen toplum yapısını Antik Çağlara kadar geriye götürmek mümkündür. Söz konusu devletlerden birisi olan Makedonya Krallığı’nda da erkek egemen toplum yapısı mevcuttur. Ancak zamanla belirli bir sınıfı temsil eden kraliyet kadınları siyasi hayatta yer edinmiştir. Makedonya Krallığı’ndaki kraliyet kadınlarının aktif rolünün ilk örneğini II. Philip’in annesi Kraliçe Eurydike teşkil etmektedir. Kraliçe Eurydike ile başlayan bu atılım, Büyük İskender’in annesi Olimpia ile zirveye ulaşmıştır. Büyük İskender’in ölümü sonrasında oluşan iktidar boşluğu süresince Olimpia, Kleopatra, Kynna, Adea-Eurydike gibi Argead kraliyet kadınları siyaseten kendilerine yer edinmeye çalışmışlardır. Bu kadınların iktidar mücadelesine katkısı değerlendirildiğinde, Eurydike’nin bu alandaki öncü konumu ve başarısı dikkat çekerken; Olimpia ve Adea-Eurydike’nin mücadele biçimleri kayda değerdir. Bu çalışmada, Makedonya hanedan kadınlarının iktidar mücadelesini, devlet yönetiminde oluşturdukları etkiyi yüzyıla yakın bir süreç içerisinde kronolojik sıralama ile ele alacağız. Buradan hareketle ataerkil Makedon toplumunda belirli bir zümreyle başlayan kadın hareketinin, politik olaylara etkisi değerlendirilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Eurydike
• Büyük İskender
• Olimpia
• Kleopatra
• Adea-Eurydike.

AN EXAMINATION OF THE POLITICAL INFLUENCE OF MACEDONIAN ROYAL WOMEN (393-316 BC)

Öz

Although women have been a fundamental dynamic of life in almost every society from the past to the present, they have been ignored due to the influence of patriarchal social structures. The marginalization of women in public and social spheres can be traced back to male-dominated societies in ancient times. One such state, the Kingdom of Macedonia, also had a male-dominated social structure. However, over time, royal women representing a certain class gained a place in political life. The first example of this active role among royal women in Macedonia is Queen Eurydice, the mother of Philip II. The political agency initiated by Queen Eurydice reached its peak with Olympias, the mother of Alexander the Great. During the power vacuum that emerged following Alexander’s death, royal women of the Argead dynasty such as Olympias, Cleopatra, Cynna, and Adea-Eurydice strived to assert themselves in the political arena. When evaluating these women’s contributions to the struggle for power, Eurydice’s pioneering role and political success stand out, while the modes of political engagement employed by Olympias and Adea-Eurydice are particularly noteworthy. This study aims to examine the power struggle and political influence of royal Macedonian women over the course of nearly a century through a chronological approach. Based on this, the impact of a movement initiated by a particular class of women on political developments within a patriarchal Macedonian society will be assessed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Eurydice
• Alexander the Great
• Olympias
• Cleopatra
• Adea-Eurydice.

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