İncil ile İlgili ve Tarihi Anıştırmaların Çevirisi: Christopher Marlowe’un Doktor Faustus’u Üzerine Bir Çalışma

Yıl 2022, , 27 - 42, 06.06.2022

Feride Sümbül , Selmin Söylemez

https://doi.org/10.47777/cankujhss.937402

Öz

Bir edebiyat kuramı olan metinlerarasılık çeviri çalışmalarına yeni bir ışık tutmuştur. Metinlerarasılık kuramına göre metinler soyut bir halden birbirleriyle iletişim halinde olan ve bir önceki veya kendinden sonra gelen metinleri de etkileyen bir konuma gelir (Allen 1). Çeviride metinlerarasılık kuramı çevirmenlerin bir metnin diğer metinlerle ilişkilerini de göz önünde bulundurmayı mümkün kılar ki, bu çevirmenin hedef kültürdeki edebi ve kültürel geleneklerin de farkında olması anlamına gelir. Anıştırma, metinlerarasılığın bir türü olarak, diğer metinlerle ilişkili olarak içerisinde derin anlamlar ve kültürel imalar saklar. Anıştırmaları karşı kültüre etkili bir biçimde aktarmak çevirmenlerin erek dilin kültürel bir birikime ve deneyime sahip olmalarını gerekli kılar. Metinleraraslık teorisi ışığında, bu çalışma bir Rönesans dönemi oyunu olan ve içerisinde mitoloji, İncil ve tarihten pek çok anıştırma barındıran Christopher Marlowe’ın oyunu Dr. Faustus’da bulunan İncil ile ilgili ve tarihi anıştırmaların çevirisine odaklanır. Bu çalışmada, Dr. Faustus’da bulunan İncil ile ilgili ve tarihi anıştırmalar ve bunların Türkçe karşılıkları Rita Leppihalme’nin anıştırmalar ile ilgili çeviri stratejileri ışığında analiz edilmiştir. Tarihi ve İncil’e ait anıştırmalar belirlendikten sonra T. Yılmaz Öğüt tarafından Dr. Faustus (2018) olarak çevrilen kitaptan anıştırmaların Türkçe karışıkları da belirlenmiş ve birbirleriyle karşılaştırılıp değerlendirilerek Leppihalme’nin çeviri stratejileri doğrultusunda detaylı bir şekilde tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

çeviribilim, metinlerarasılık, anıştırma, Dr.Faustus

Translating Biblical and Historical Allusions: The Case of Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe

Öz

The literary concept of intertextuality provides a new insight for translation studies. According to intertextual theory, texts are not isolated, they interact with each other in a way that a text is under the influence of preceding ones and it affects later writings (Allen 1). In translation, intertextual theory enables translators to take into consideration intertextual relations of a text to other texts which also means a translator should be aware of the literary and cultural tradition of the target culture. Allusions as one of the features of intertextuality hide a broader meaning and carry cultural implications in relation to other texts. To transfer them to the target culture effectively entails translators having cultural knowledge and experience of the target language. In the light of intertextual theory, this study focuses on the translation of biblical and historical allusions found in Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe, which is a Renaissance play involving numerous allusions to mythology, the Bible, and history. In this study, biblical and historical allusions seen in Doctor Faustus and their Turkish renderings translated by T. Yılmaz Öğüt as Dr. Faustus (2018) have been analyzed in the light of Rita Leppihalme’s translation strategies concerning allusions. After detecting the allusions related to the Bible and history, they have been listed and compared to their Turkish allusions. Then, alluded references and their Turkish translations have been evaluated and the strategies adopted by the translator have been discussed according to the strategies proposed by Leppihalme in detail.

Anahtar Kelimeler

translation studies, intertextuality, allusion, Doctor Faustus

Kaynakça

• Allen, Graham. Intertextuality. New York, Routledge, 2000.
• Ball, Kimberly. “The Devil’s Pact: Diabolic Writing and Oral Tradition.” Western Folklore, vol. 73, no. 4, 2014, pp. 385–409., www.jstor.org/stable/24551134. Accessed 11 May 2021.
• Baldick, Chris. The Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms, Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/baskent-ebooks/detail.action? docID=5824838.
• Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. “Queen of Sheba.” Encyclopedia Britannica, 13 Jan. 2021, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Queen-of-Sheba. Accessed 3 December 2020.
• Burnard, Philip. “A Method of Analysing Interview Transcripts in Qualitative Research.” Nurse Education Today, 11, 1991, pp. 461-466.
• Duxfield, Andrew. “Doctor Faustus and Renaissance Hermeticism.” Doctor Faustus: A Critical Guide, edited by Sara Munson Deats, Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2010. ProQuest Ebook Central, https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ baskent-ebooks/detail.action?docID=1749878.
• Greenblatt, Stephan and Abrams, M. H. editors. “Doctor Faustus.” The Norton Anthology English Literature, 8th ed., vol. 1, Norton, 2006, pp. 1023-55.
• Hoorens, Vera, and Hans Renders. “Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa and Witchcraft: A Reappraisal.” The Sixteenth Century Journal, vol. 43, no. 1, 2012, pp. 3-18. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/23210753. Accessed 6 December 2020.
• Hopp, David. “Christopher Marlowe - Doctor Faustus Act 2.” Cassiodorus, 2020, www.cassiodorus.com/marlowe/F2notes.html. Accessed 6 December 2020.
• Jump, John D. Origins of Faustus Legend. Doctor Faustus. Taylor & Francis Group, 1990. ProQuest Ebook Central, https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ baskent-ebooks/detail.action?docID=241834.
• Kaličanin, Milena. The Faustian Motif in the Tragedies by Christopher Marlowe, Cambridge Scholars Publisher, 2013. ProQuest Ebook Central, https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/baskent-ebooks/detail.action? docID=1753174.
• Kristeva, Julia. The Kristeva Reader edited by T. Moi. New York, Columbia University Press, 1986.
• Leppihalme, Rita. Culture Bumps: An Empirical Approach to the Translation of Allusions Topics in Translation. e-book, Multilingual Matters, 1997.
• Losada, Jose. The Myth of the Fallen Angel, 2004, https://www.researchgate.net/ publication/300016725_The_Myth_of_the_Fallen_Angel. Accessed 20 November 2020.
• Lukacs, Peter. The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus. http://elizabethandrama.org/ wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Doctor-Faustus-A-Text-Annotated-Plain.pdf. Accessed 26 November 2020.
• Mackie, Tim. Why Pharaoh’s Heart Grew Hard. https://bibleproject.com/blog/ pharaohs-heart-grew-harder. Accessed 6 December 2020.
• Marlowe, Christopher. Doctor Faustus, edited by John D. Jump, Taylor & Francis Group, 1990. ProQuest Ebook Central, https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/ lib/baskent-ebooks/detail.action? docID=241834.
• Marlowe, Christopher. “The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus.” The Norton Anthology English Literature, edited by A. S. Greenblatt and M. H. Abrams, 8th ed., vol. 1, Norton, 2006, pp. 1023-55. Marlowe, Christopher. Dr. Faustus. Translated by T. Yılmaz Öğüt. Mitos Boyut, 2018.
• Mikics, David. A New Handbook of Literary Terms, Yale University Press, 2007. ProQuest Ebook Central, https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ baskent-ebooks/detail. action?docID=3420303.
• Ruffner, Frederick G., and Laurence Urdang. Ruffner’s Allusions: Cultural, Literary, Religious, and Historical: A Thematic Dictionary, edited by Harris, Laurie Lanzen, and Sharon R Gunton, Omnigraphics, Incorporated, 2009. ProQuest Ebook Central, https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/baskentebooks/ detail.action? docID=3384034.
• Polit, D. F. and Beck, C. T. Essentials of Nursing Research Methods, Appraisal, And Utilization, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006.
• Venuti, Lawrence. “Translation, Intertextuality, Interpretation.” Romance Studies, vol. 27, no. 3, 2009, pp. 157-73. Crossref, doi:10.1179/174581509x455169.
• Zhao, Honghui. “An Intertextual Approach to Translation at the Micro-Level.” Open Journal of Social Sciences, vol. 05, no. 11, 2017, pp. 119-27. Crossref, doi:10.4236/jss.2017.51