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Investigation of the Effectiveness of Sexual Health Educator Training for Counselors

Yıl 2020, , 277 - 298, 25.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.18026/cbayarsos.687101

Öz

In adolescence, when risky sexual behaviors are frequently observed, sexual health education plays a key role in adolescents' access to accurate knowledge and developing the skills they need. One of the important factors in the effectiveness of sexual health education is the qualifications of the educator. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of sexual health educator training program on the counsellors’ self-efficacy about adolescent health and to evaluate the contributions of training to the participants. In order to examine the effectiveness of the intervention, embedded mixed methods research design was used in the study. In the quantitative dimension of the research, a single group pretest-posttest design, in qualitative dimension program effects case study was used. The quantitative findings showed that educator training affects the participants’ self-efficacy perceptions about adolescent health positively. The qualitative finding of the study pointed out that sexual health educator training meets the expectations of the participants, improves their knowledge, helps to develop their skills and awareness.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmed, N., Flisher, A. J., Mathews, C., Jansen, S., Mukoma, W., & Schaalma, H. (2006). Process evaluation of the teacher training for an AIDS prevention programme. Health education research, 21(5), 621-632.
  • Alavi-Arjas, F., Farnam, F., Granmayeh, M., & Haghani, H. (2018). The effect of sexual and reproductive health education on knowledge and self-efficacy of school counselors. Journal of Adolescent Health, 63(5), 615-620.
  • American School Counselor Association (ASCA). (2019). ASCA School Counselor Professional Standards & Competencies. Alexandria, VA: ASCA. Anderson, M. J. (2002). Counselor comfort with sexual issues. (Doctoral dissertation, University of New Orleans). Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database (UMI No. 3061355).
  • Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American psychologist, 37(2), 122-147.
  • Barr, E. M., Moore, M. J., Johnson, T., Forrest, J., & Jordan, M. (2014). New evidence: data documenting parental support for earlier sexuality education. Journal of School Health, 84(1), 10-17.
  • Bogey, L. A. (2008). Addressing sexuality with clients: A manual for therapists in training (Doctoral dissertation). Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 3308670)
  • Bruess, C. E., & Schroeder, E. (2014). Sexuality education: Theory and practice (6th ed). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett.
  • Buckelew, S. M., Adams, S. H., Irwin Jr, C. E., Gee, S., & Ozer, E. M. (2008). Increasing clinician self-efficacy for screening and counseling adolescents for risky health behaviors: results of an intervention. Journal of Adolescent Health, 43(2), 198-200.
  • Bulut, F., & Gölbaşı, Z. (2009). Adolesan Kızların Cinsellikle İlgili Konularda Anneleri ile Olan İletişimlerinin Değerlendirilmesi. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 8(1), 27-36.
  • Byers, E. S., Hamilton, L. D., & Fisher, B. (2017). Emerging adults' experiences of middle and high school sexual health education in New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Ontario. The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 26(3), 186-195.
  • Byers, E. S., Sears, H. A., & Foster, L. R. (2013). Factors associated with middle school students' perceptions of the quality of school-based sexual health education. Sex Education, 13(2), 214-227.
  • Byers, E. S., Sears, H. A., Voyer, S. D., Thurlow, J. L., Cohen, J. N., & Weaver, A. D. (2003). An adolescent perspective on sexual health education at school and at home: I. High school students. Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 12(1),1-17.
  • Byers, E. S., Sears, H. A., & Weaver, A. D. (2008). Parents’ reports of sexual communication with children in kindergarten to grade 8. Journal of Marriage and Family, 70(1), 86-96.
  • Colbert, R. D., & Magouirk Colbert, M. (2003). School counselor involvement in culture centered education reform. In P. B. Pederson & J. C. Carey (Eds.), Multicultural counseling in schools: A practical handbook (pp. 3–26). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Cohen, J. N., Byers, E. S., & Sears, H. A. (2012). Factors affecting Canadian teachers' willingness to teach sexual health education. Sex Education, 12(3), 299-316.
  • Conyne, R. K. (2013). Incorporating Prevention in the Turkish Counselor Education Curriculum: Considerations for Competencies and Strategies. Turkish Psychological Counseling & Guidance Journal, 4(39),1-12.
  • Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP). (2016). CACREP accreditation manual. Alexandria, VA: Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2012). Research design (4th ed.). London: SAGE.
  • Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2017). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (3th ed.). Los Angeles: SAGE.
  • Cupit, R. W. (2010). Counselors’ comfort levels and willingness to discuss sexual issues with couples they counsel (Doctoral dissertation, University of New Orleans). Retrieved from https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1150
  • Çuhadaroğlu, A. (2017). The effects of sex education on psychological counselling students in Turkey. Sex Education, 17(2), 209-219.
  • Erbil, N., Orak, E., & Bektaş, A. E. (2010). Anneler cinsel eğitim konusunda ne biliyor, kızlarına ne kadar cinsel eğitim veriyor. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(1), 366-383.
  • Eroğlu, K. ve Gölbaşı, Z. (2005), Cinsel eğitimde ebeveynlerin yeri: ne yapıyorlar, Ne yaşıyorlar? Atatürk Üniversitesi HYO Dergisi, 8(2), 12-21.
  • Fisher, J.D., Fisher, W.A., Miscovich, S.J., Kimble, D.L. ve Malloy, T. (1996). Changing AIDS risk behavior: Effects of an intervention emphasizing AIDS risk reduction information, motivation, and behavioral skills in a university student population. Health Psychology, 15, 114-123.
  • Fisher, J.D. & Fisher, W.A. (1992). Changing AIDS risk behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 111: 455-474.
  • Finer, L. B. & Philbin, J. M. (2013). Sexual initiation, contraceptive use, and pregnancy among young adolescents. Pediatrics, 131(5), 886-891.
  • Forhan, S. E., Gottlieb, S. L., Sternberg, M. R., Xu, F., Datta, S. D., McQuillan, G. M., ... & Markowitz, L. E. (2009). Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among female adolescents aged 14 to 19 in the United States. Pediatrics, 124(6), 1505-1512.
  • Foshee, V. A., Benefield, T., Suchindran, C., Ennett, S. T., Bauman, K. E., Karriker‐Jaffe, K. J., ... & Mathias, J. (2009). The development of four types of adolescent dating abuse and selected demographic correlates. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 19(3), 380-400.
  • Gadd M. & Hinchliffe J. (2007). Jiwsi: A pick 'n' mix of sex and relationships education activities. London: FPA.
  • Garcia, C. K. (2015). Sexual health education in Quebec schools: A critique and call for change. The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 24(3), 197-204.
  • Goldman, J. D. (2008). Responding to parental objections to school sexuality education: A selection of 12 objections. Sex Education, 8(4), 415-438.
  • Goldman, J. D. (2011). An exploration in health education of an integrated theoretical basis for sexuality education pedagogies for young people. Health Education Research, 26(3), 526-541.
  • Graham, C. A., & Smith, M. M. (1984). Operationalizing the concept of sexuality comfort: Applications for sexuality educators. Journal of School Health, 54(11), 439-442.
  • Gupta, S. (2019). Indian counselors’ comfort and ınterventions with sexuality-related concerns. SAGE Open, 9(1), 1-13.
  • Gürsoy, E. ve Gençalp, N. S. (2010). Cinsel sağlık eğitiminin önemi. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi, 23(23), 29-36.
  • Haberland, N. A. (2015). The case for addressing gender and power in sexuality and HIV education: a comprehensive review of evaluation studies. International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 41(1), 31-42.
  • Haberland, N., & Rogow, D. (2015). Sexuality education: emerging trends in evidence and practice. Journal of Adolescent Health, 56(1), S15-S21.
  • Harris, S. M., & Hays, K. W. (2008). Family therapist comfort with and willingness to discuss client sexuality. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 34, 239–250.
  • Hatipoğlu Sümer, Z. (2007). Neglected component of counselor education: Sexuality education. In R. Özyürek, F., Korkut-Owen, D. W. Owen (Eds.), Gelişen Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik. (pp. 183-200). Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Hedgepeth, E. ve Helmich, J. (1996). Teaching about Sexuality and HIV. New York: NY University Press.
  • Herbenick, D., Reece, M., Schick, V., Sanders, S. A., Dodge, B., & Fortenberry, J. D. (2010). Sexual behavior in the United States: Results from a national probability sample of men and women ages 14–94. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 7, 255-265.
  • Herbert, P. C., & Lohrmann, D. K. (2011). It's all in the delivery! An analysis of instructional strategies from effective health education curricula. Journal of School Health, 81(5), 258-264.
  • Hickman, L. J., Jaycox, L. H., & Aronoff, J. (2004). Dating violence among adolescents: Prevalence, gender distribution, and prevention program effectiveness. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 5(2), 123-142.
  • Humphrey, K. M. (2000). Sexuality counseling in counselor preparation programs. The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 8, 305-308.
  • James, S. H. (1999). School counselors’ roles in cases of child sexual behavior. Professional School Counseling, 2(3), 211-217.
  • Johanson, G. A., & Brooks, G. P. (2010). Initial scale development: sample size for pilot studies. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 70(3), 394-400.
  • Kirby, D. (2007). Emerging answers 2007: Research findings on programs to reduce teen pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. Washington, DC: National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unwanted Pregnancy.
  • Korkmaz Çetin. S., Bildik, T., Erermiş, S., Demiral, N., Özbaşaran, B., Tamar, M. ve Aydın, C. (2008). Erkek ergenlerde cinsel davranış ve cinsel bilgi kaynakları: Sekiz yıl arayla değerlendirme. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 19(4), 390-397.
  • Korkut-Owen, F. (2015). Okul temelli önleyici rehberlik ve psikolojik danışma. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
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Psikolojik Danışmanlara Yönelik Cinsel Sağlık Eğitici Eğitiminin Etkililiğinin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2020, , 277 - 298, 25.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.18026/cbayarsos.687101

Öz

Riskli cinsel davranışların sıklıkla görüldüğü ergenlik döneminde, ergenlerin doğru bilgiye ulaşmaları ve ihtiyaç duydukları becerileri geliştirmelerinde kapsamlı cinsel sağlık eğitimi önemli rol oynamaktadır. Cinsel sağlık eğitiminin etkililiğinde önemli unsurlardan biri ise eğiticinin nitelikleridir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, cinsel sağlık eğitici eğitiminin psikolojik danışmanların ergen sağlığına ilişkin yeterlilik algılarına etkisini incelemek ve katılımcılara katkılarını, güçlü ve güçlendirilmesi gereken yönlerini değerlendirmektir. Çalışmada nicel ve nitel verilerin birlikte kullanıldığı karma yöntem desenlerinden biri olan iç içe desen kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın nicel boyutunda deneysel işlemin etkisini incelemek için tek grup öntest sontest deseni, nitel boyutunda ise fenomenolojik yöntem kullanılmıştır. Çalışmaya gönüllü katılımcılar arasında seçkisiz olarak belirlenen 25 psikolojik danışman katılmıştır. Nicel bulgular, cinsel sağlık eğitici eğitiminin katılımcıların ergen sağlığına ilişkin yeterlilik algılarını arttırdığını göstermektedir. Araştırmanın nitel bulguları ise, eğitici eğitiminin katılımcıların beklentilerini karşıladığını, bilgilerini arttırdığı, becerilerini ve farkındalıklarını geliştirdiğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmed, N., Flisher, A. J., Mathews, C., Jansen, S., Mukoma, W., & Schaalma, H. (2006). Process evaluation of the teacher training for an AIDS prevention programme. Health education research, 21(5), 621-632.
  • Alavi-Arjas, F., Farnam, F., Granmayeh, M., & Haghani, H. (2018). The effect of sexual and reproductive health education on knowledge and self-efficacy of school counselors. Journal of Adolescent Health, 63(5), 615-620.
  • American School Counselor Association (ASCA). (2019). ASCA School Counselor Professional Standards & Competencies. Alexandria, VA: ASCA. Anderson, M. J. (2002). Counselor comfort with sexual issues. (Doctoral dissertation, University of New Orleans). Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database (UMI No. 3061355).
  • Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American psychologist, 37(2), 122-147.
  • Barr, E. M., Moore, M. J., Johnson, T., Forrest, J., & Jordan, M. (2014). New evidence: data documenting parental support for earlier sexuality education. Journal of School Health, 84(1), 10-17.
  • Bogey, L. A. (2008). Addressing sexuality with clients: A manual for therapists in training (Doctoral dissertation). Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 3308670)
  • Bruess, C. E., & Schroeder, E. (2014). Sexuality education: Theory and practice (6th ed). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett.
  • Buckelew, S. M., Adams, S. H., Irwin Jr, C. E., Gee, S., & Ozer, E. M. (2008). Increasing clinician self-efficacy for screening and counseling adolescents for risky health behaviors: results of an intervention. Journal of Adolescent Health, 43(2), 198-200.
  • Bulut, F., & Gölbaşı, Z. (2009). Adolesan Kızların Cinsellikle İlgili Konularda Anneleri ile Olan İletişimlerinin Değerlendirilmesi. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 8(1), 27-36.
  • Byers, E. S., Hamilton, L. D., & Fisher, B. (2017). Emerging adults' experiences of middle and high school sexual health education in New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Ontario. The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 26(3), 186-195.
  • Byers, E. S., Sears, H. A., & Foster, L. R. (2013). Factors associated with middle school students' perceptions of the quality of school-based sexual health education. Sex Education, 13(2), 214-227.
  • Byers, E. S., Sears, H. A., Voyer, S. D., Thurlow, J. L., Cohen, J. N., & Weaver, A. D. (2003). An adolescent perspective on sexual health education at school and at home: I. High school students. Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 12(1),1-17.
  • Byers, E. S., Sears, H. A., & Weaver, A. D. (2008). Parents’ reports of sexual communication with children in kindergarten to grade 8. Journal of Marriage and Family, 70(1), 86-96.
  • Colbert, R. D., & Magouirk Colbert, M. (2003). School counselor involvement in culture centered education reform. In P. B. Pederson & J. C. Carey (Eds.), Multicultural counseling in schools: A practical handbook (pp. 3–26). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Cohen, J. N., Byers, E. S., & Sears, H. A. (2012). Factors affecting Canadian teachers' willingness to teach sexual health education. Sex Education, 12(3), 299-316.
  • Conyne, R. K. (2013). Incorporating Prevention in the Turkish Counselor Education Curriculum: Considerations for Competencies and Strategies. Turkish Psychological Counseling & Guidance Journal, 4(39),1-12.
  • Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP). (2016). CACREP accreditation manual. Alexandria, VA: Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2012). Research design (4th ed.). London: SAGE.
  • Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2017). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (3th ed.). Los Angeles: SAGE.
  • Cupit, R. W. (2010). Counselors’ comfort levels and willingness to discuss sexual issues with couples they counsel (Doctoral dissertation, University of New Orleans). Retrieved from https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1150
  • Çuhadaroğlu, A. (2017). The effects of sex education on psychological counselling students in Turkey. Sex Education, 17(2), 209-219.
  • Erbil, N., Orak, E., & Bektaş, A. E. (2010). Anneler cinsel eğitim konusunda ne biliyor, kızlarına ne kadar cinsel eğitim veriyor. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(1), 366-383.
  • Eroğlu, K. ve Gölbaşı, Z. (2005), Cinsel eğitimde ebeveynlerin yeri: ne yapıyorlar, Ne yaşıyorlar? Atatürk Üniversitesi HYO Dergisi, 8(2), 12-21.
  • Fisher, J.D., Fisher, W.A., Miscovich, S.J., Kimble, D.L. ve Malloy, T. (1996). Changing AIDS risk behavior: Effects of an intervention emphasizing AIDS risk reduction information, motivation, and behavioral skills in a university student population. Health Psychology, 15, 114-123.
  • Fisher, J.D. & Fisher, W.A. (1992). Changing AIDS risk behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 111: 455-474.
  • Finer, L. B. & Philbin, J. M. (2013). Sexual initiation, contraceptive use, and pregnancy among young adolescents. Pediatrics, 131(5), 886-891.
  • Forhan, S. E., Gottlieb, S. L., Sternberg, M. R., Xu, F., Datta, S. D., McQuillan, G. M., ... & Markowitz, L. E. (2009). Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among female adolescents aged 14 to 19 in the United States. Pediatrics, 124(6), 1505-1512.
  • Foshee, V. A., Benefield, T., Suchindran, C., Ennett, S. T., Bauman, K. E., Karriker‐Jaffe, K. J., ... & Mathias, J. (2009). The development of four types of adolescent dating abuse and selected demographic correlates. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 19(3), 380-400.
  • Gadd M. & Hinchliffe J. (2007). Jiwsi: A pick 'n' mix of sex and relationships education activities. London: FPA.
  • Garcia, C. K. (2015). Sexual health education in Quebec schools: A critique and call for change. The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 24(3), 197-204.
  • Goldman, J. D. (2008). Responding to parental objections to school sexuality education: A selection of 12 objections. Sex Education, 8(4), 415-438.
  • Goldman, J. D. (2011). An exploration in health education of an integrated theoretical basis for sexuality education pedagogies for young people. Health Education Research, 26(3), 526-541.
  • Graham, C. A., & Smith, M. M. (1984). Operationalizing the concept of sexuality comfort: Applications for sexuality educators. Journal of School Health, 54(11), 439-442.
  • Gupta, S. (2019). Indian counselors’ comfort and ınterventions with sexuality-related concerns. SAGE Open, 9(1), 1-13.
  • Gürsoy, E. ve Gençalp, N. S. (2010). Cinsel sağlık eğitiminin önemi. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi, 23(23), 29-36.
  • Haberland, N. A. (2015). The case for addressing gender and power in sexuality and HIV education: a comprehensive review of evaluation studies. International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 41(1), 31-42.
  • Haberland, N., & Rogow, D. (2015). Sexuality education: emerging trends in evidence and practice. Journal of Adolescent Health, 56(1), S15-S21.
  • Harris, S. M., & Hays, K. W. (2008). Family therapist comfort with and willingness to discuss client sexuality. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 34, 239–250.
  • Hatipoğlu Sümer, Z. (2007). Neglected component of counselor education: Sexuality education. In R. Özyürek, F., Korkut-Owen, D. W. Owen (Eds.), Gelişen Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik. (pp. 183-200). Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Hedgepeth, E. ve Helmich, J. (1996). Teaching about Sexuality and HIV. New York: NY University Press.
  • Herbenick, D., Reece, M., Schick, V., Sanders, S. A., Dodge, B., & Fortenberry, J. D. (2010). Sexual behavior in the United States: Results from a national probability sample of men and women ages 14–94. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 7, 255-265.
  • Herbert, P. C., & Lohrmann, D. K. (2011). It's all in the delivery! An analysis of instructional strategies from effective health education curricula. Journal of School Health, 81(5), 258-264.
  • Hickman, L. J., Jaycox, L. H., & Aronoff, J. (2004). Dating violence among adolescents: Prevalence, gender distribution, and prevention program effectiveness. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 5(2), 123-142.
  • Humphrey, K. M. (2000). Sexuality counseling in counselor preparation programs. The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 8, 305-308.
  • James, S. H. (1999). School counselors’ roles in cases of child sexual behavior. Professional School Counseling, 2(3), 211-217.
  • Johanson, G. A., & Brooks, G. P. (2010). Initial scale development: sample size for pilot studies. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 70(3), 394-400.
  • Kirby, D. (2007). Emerging answers 2007: Research findings on programs to reduce teen pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. Washington, DC: National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unwanted Pregnancy.
  • Korkmaz Çetin. S., Bildik, T., Erermiş, S., Demiral, N., Özbaşaran, B., Tamar, M. ve Aydın, C. (2008). Erkek ergenlerde cinsel davranış ve cinsel bilgi kaynakları: Sekiz yıl arayla değerlendirme. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 19(4), 390-397.
  • Korkut-Owen, F. (2015). Okul temelli önleyici rehberlik ve psikolojik danışma. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Kumcağız, H., Çelik, S. B., Barut, Y., & Koçyiğit, M. (2013). Psikolojik danışman adaylarının cinsel sağlık eğitimi dersine ilişkin görüşleri. Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(3), 227-242.
  • Lloyd, C. B. (2010). The role of schools in promoting sexual and reproductive health among adolescents in developing countries. In Malarcher S. (eds.) Social determinants of sexual and reproductive health Informing future research and programme implementation. Geneva: World Health Organization.
  • Meyers, A. and Swerdlik, M. (2003). School-based health centers: Opportunities and challenges for school psychologists. Psychology in the Schools, 40, 253–264.
  • Millner, V., & Upton, A. W. (2016). Sexually active and sexually questioning students: The role of school counselors. Ideas and research you can use: VISTAS 2016. Erişim adresi: http://www.counseling.org/knowledge-center/vistas
  • Parker, L. P. (2012). High school counselors’ attitudes toward the sexuality of students with intellectual disabilities. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa). Retrieved from http://acumen.lib.ua.edu/content/u0015/0000001/000 1076/u0015_0000001_0001076.pdf
  • Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC). (2008). Canadian guidelines for sexual health education. Ottawa : Public Health Agency of Canada.
  • Roche, B. F. (1998). A study of the relationships among human sexuality education, sexual comfort, HIV knowledge, and willingness of high school counselors to respond to adolescents about sexual issues.(Doctoral dissertation, New York University). Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database (UMI No. 9819879).
  • Sağlık Bakanlığı (2010). Cinsel sağlık ve üreme sağlığı ulusal stratejik eylem planı. Ankara: Ana Çocuk Sağlığı ve Aile Planlaması Genel Müdürlüğü.
  • Sedgh, G., Finer, L. B., Bankole, A., Eilers, M. A., & Singh, S. (2015). Adolescent pregnancy, birth, and abortion rates across countries: levels and recent trends. Journal of Adolescent Health, 56(2), 223-230.
  • Sen, G. & Östlin, P. (2008) Gender inequity in health: Why it exists and how we can change it? Global Public Health, 3:sup1, 1-12.
  • Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States (SIECUS) (2004). Guidelines for comprehensive sexuality education (3th Ed.). New York: SIECUS. Sharpe, T. H. (2003). Adolescent sexuality. Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 11(2), 210-215.
  • Siyez, D.M. ve Siyez E. (2007). Ergenlerin cinsel yaşam deneyimlerinin bazı psiko-sosyal değişkenler açısından değerlendirilmesi. Türk Üroloji Dergisi, 33(1), 56-63.
  • Smith, A., Schlichthorst, M., Mitchell, A., Walsh, J., Lyons, A., Blackman, P., & Pitts, M. (2011). Sexuality education in Australian secondary schools: Results of the 1st national survey of Australian secondary teachers of sexuality education 2010. Melbourne: Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society.
  • St Leger, L. H. (1999). The opportunities and effectiveness of the health promoting primary school in improving child health—a review of the claims and evidence. Health Education Research, 14(1), 51-69.
  • Şahin, G. N. (2014). Developing and testing the effectiveness of the teacher training program on child sexual development (Master's thesis, Middle East Technical Universıty). Erişim adresi: http://tez2.yok.gov.tr/
  • Topkaya, N., & Hatipoğlu Sümer, Z. (2010). Rehberlik ve psikolojik danışmanlık öğrencilerinin cinsel bilgi kaynakları, yeterlilik algıları ve bilgi ihtiyaçları. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4(34), 139-148.
  • United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). (2014). Operational guidance for comprehensive sexuality education. A focus on human rights and gender. New York: UNFPA
  • Veneziano, L., & Hooper, J. (1997). A method for quantifying content validity of health related questionnaires. American Journal of Health Behavior, 21,67-70.
  • Walsh, M. E., Barrett, J. G., & DePaul, J. (2007). Day-to-day activities of school counselors: Alignment with new directions in the field and the ASCA National Model®. Professional School Counseling, 10(4), 2156759X0701000410.
  • Walsh, J. L., Senn, T. E., Scott-Sheldon, L. A., Vanable, P. A., & Carey, M. P. (2011). Predicting condom use using the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) model: a multivariate latent growth curve analysis. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 42(2), 235-244.
  • Witkowska, E. (2005). Sexual harassment in schools—prevalence, structure and perceptions. Stockholm: Arbete och Hälsavetenskaplig Skriftserie
  • World Economic Forum [WEF]. (2018). The Global gender gap report 2018. Erişim adresi: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GGGR_2018.pdf
  • Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2006). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri (5. baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Zeren, F. ve Gürsoy, E. (2018). Neden cinsel sağlık eğitimi? Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(1), 29-33.
Toplam 74 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Beşeri Bilimler Sayısı
Yazarlar

Barışcan Öztürk 0000-0003-2789-2718

Erol Esen 0000-0002-8285-2666

Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Eylül 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020

Kaynak Göster

APA Öztürk, B., & Esen, E. (2020). Psikolojik Danışmanlara Yönelik Cinsel Sağlık Eğitici Eğitiminin Etkililiğinin İncelenmesi. Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18(3), 277-298. https://doi.org/10.18026/cbayarsos.687101