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Yıl 2015, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 172 - 202, 06.04.2015

Yrd. Doç. Dr. Halil Parladır Yrd. Doç. Dr. Devrim Özkan

https://doi.org/10.18026/cbusos.15687
Cited By: 1

Öz

In recent years there is an increase in the paranormal beliefs in modern societies that has been analysed by social scientists. There is an increase in the studies regarding paranormal beliefs in the field of social sciences. These studies had resulted in a knowledge regarding modern society as well as new knowledge regarding the peculiar qualities of mankind. With the disposal of traditional religious institutions from social life there occurred an increase in the paranormal beliefs. This situation indicates the peculiar position of modern man trapped between the belief and processes of secularization. In the field of social sciences the factors triggering paranormal beliefs as well as the consequences stemming from these beliefs are being analysed. In this paper the increase in the studies regarding the paranormal beliefs are being focused. In this regard the major aim of this study is to analyse the functions of social sciences in the context of modernity on one hand and the data emerging from increasing paranormal beliefs regarding modern society and individual on the other

Anahtar Kelimeler

Paranormal Secularization Belief Social Sciences Modern Society Individual

Kaynakça

  • AARNIO, Kia (2007), Paranormal, Superstitious, Magical, and Religious Beliefs, Helsinki: Helsinki University Printing House.
  • AARNIO, Kia ve LINDEMAN, Marjaana (2005), “Paranormal Beliefs, Education, And Thinking Styles,” Personality and Individual Differences, Vol. 39, Issue 7, ss. 1227–1236.
  • ARSLAN, Mustafa (2011), Paranormalizm ve Din, Bilsam Yayınları, Malatya.
  • BADER, C. D., BAKER, J. O. ve MOLLE, A. (2012), “Countervailing Forces: Religiosity and Paranormal Belief in Italy,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 51, No: 4, ss. 705–720.
  • BAINBRIDGE, William S. (2004), “After the New Age,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 43, No. 3, ss. 381–394.
  • BAINBRIDGE, William Sims (2004), “After the New Age,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 43, No. 3, ss. 381-394.
  • BAKER, J. O. ve DRAPER, S. (2010), “Diverse Supernatural Portfolios: Certitude, Exclusivity, and the Curvilinear Relationship Between Religiosity and Paranormal Beliefs,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 49, No. 3, ss. 413–424.
  • BECK, Richard ve MILLER, Jonathan P. (2001), “Erosion of Belief and Disbelief: Effects of Religiosity and Negative Affect on Beliefs in the Paranormal and Supernatural,” The Journal of Social Psychology, Vol. 141, No. 2, ss. 277-287.
  • BELL, Daniel. (1978), “The Return of the Sacred: The Argument about the Future Of Religion,” Zygon Journal of Religion and Science, Vol. 13, No 3, 1978, ss. 187-208.
  • BERGER, Peter L., BERGER, Brigitte ve KELLNER, Hansfried. (1973). The Homeless Mind, Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.
  • BERGER, Peter, L. (1990), The Sacred Canopy: Elements of a Sociological Theory of Religion, New York: Anchor Books.
  • BLACKMORE, S. (1994), “Probability Misjudgement and Belief in the Paranormal: is the Theory All Wrong?” Paper presented at the 37th Annual Parapsychological Association Convention, University of Amsterdam.
  • BLACKMORE, S. (1997), “Probability Misjudgement and Belief in the Paranormal: A newspaper Survey,” British Journal of Psychology, Vol. 88, ss. 683–690.
  • BLOCH, Jon P. (1998), “Individualism and Community in Alternative Spiritual Magic," Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 37, No. 2, ss. 286-302.
  • CLARKE, D. (1991), “Belief in the
  • Paranormal: A New Zealand
  • Survey,” Journal of the Society for Psychical Research, Vol. 57, ss. 412-425.
  • DAMBRUN, M. (2004), “Belief In Paranormal Determinism As A Source Of Prejudice Toward Disadvantaged Groups: The Dark Side Of Stars,” Social Behaviour and Personality, Vol. 32, No. 7, ss. 627-636.
  • DRAPER, Scott ve BAKER, Joseph O. (2011), “Angelic Belief as American Folk Religion,” Sociological Forum, Vol. 26, No. 3, ss. 623-643.
  • DRISKELL, R. L. ve LYON, L. (2011), “Assessing The Role of Religious Beliefs on Secular And Spiritual Behaviours,” Review of Religious Research, Vol. 52, No. 4, ss. 386-404.
  • DURKHEIM, Emile (2005), Dini Hayatın İlkel Biçimleri, (Çev. Fuat Aydın), Ataç Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • FARIAS, Miguel ve LALLJEE, Mansur (2008), “Holistic Individualism in the Age of Aquarius: Measuring Individualism/Collectivism in New Age, Catholic, and Atheist/Agnostic Groups,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 47, No. 2, ss. 277-289.
  • FARIAS, Miguel ve LALLJEE, Mansur (2008), “Holistic Individualism in the Age of Aquarius: Measuring Individualism/Collectivism in New Age, Catholic, and Atheist/Agnostic Groups,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 47, No. 2, ss. 277-289.
  • FRAZER, James George (1991), Altın Dal. Dinin ve Folklorun Kökleri 1-2, (Çev. Mehmet H. Doğan), Payel Yayınevi, İstanbul.
  • GALLUP, G. (1997), The Gallup poll: Public opinion, Wilmington: Scholarly Resources.
  • GLENDINNING, Tony (2006), “Religious Involvement, Conventional Christian, and Unconventional Nonmaterialist Beliefs,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 45, No. 4, ss. 585-595.
  • GOODE, Erich (2000), Paranormal Beliefs: a Sociological Introduction. Long Grove: Waveland Press Inc.
  • GREELEY, A. M. (1975), The Sociology of the Paranormal: a Reconnaissance. Beverly Hills/London: Sage.
  • GRIMMERA, M. R. ve WHITE, K. D. (1990), “The Structure of Paranormal Beliefs among Australian Psychology Students,” The Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, Volume 124, No. 4, ss. 357-370.
  • HARALDSSON, E. (1985), “Representative National Surveys of Psychic Phenomena: Iceland, Great Britain, Sweden, USA and Gallup’s Multinational Survey,” Journal of the Society for Psychical Research, Vol. 53, ss. 145-158.
  • HAY, D. ve MORISY, A. (1978), “Reports of Ecstatic, Paranormal, or Religious Experience in Great Britain and The United States: A Comparison of Trends,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 17, ss. 255-268.
  • HERGOVICH, Andreas ve ARENDASY, Martin (2005), “Critical Thinking Ability and Belief in the Paranormal,” Personality and Individual Differences, Vol. 38, ss. 1805–1812.
  • HILLSTROM, E. L., ve STRACHAN, M. (2000), “Strong Commitment to Traditional Protestant Religious Beliefs is Negatively Related to Beliefs in The Paranormal,” Psychological Reports, Vol. 86, ss. 183-189.
  • HUNTLEY, Chris (2005), “Paranormal Beliefs, Religious Beliefs and Personality Correlates”, Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisan Tezi, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester.
  • HUTTON, Ronald (2008), “Modern Pagan Festivals: A Study in the Nature of Tradition,” Folklore, Vol. 119, No.3, ss. 251-273.
  • IRWIN, H. (2009), The Psychology of Paranormal Belief: a Researcher's Handbook, Hertfordshire: University of Hertfordshire Press.
  • IRWIN, H. J. (1993), “Belief in the Paranormal: A Review of the Emnirical Literature,” The Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research. Vol. 87, ss. 1-39.
  • JAHODA, G. (1970), The Psychology of Superstition, Oxford: Penguin Press.
  • JAMES, A., ve WELLS, A. (2002), “Death Beliefs, Superstitious Beliefs and Health Anxiety,” British Journal of Clinical Psychology. Vol. 41, ss. 43-53.
  • KENNEDY, J.E. ve KANTHAMANI, H. (1995), “An Exploratory Study of the Effects of Paranormal and Spiritual Experiences on Peoples' Lives and Well-Being,” The Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, Volume 89, ss. 249-265.
  • LÉVY-BRUHL, Lucien (2006), İlkel Toplumlarda Mistik Deneyim ve Simgeler, Çev. Oğuz Adanır, Ankara: Doğu-Batı Yayınları.
  • MALINOWSKI, Bronislaw, (2000), Büyü, Bilim ve Din, Çev. Saadet Özkal, İstanbul: Kabalcı Yayınevi.
  • MARKOVSKY, Barry ve THYE, Shane R. (2001), “Social Influence on Paranormal Belıefs,” Sociological Perspectives, Vol. 44, No. 1, ss. 21-44.
  • MATHIJSEN, François P. (2010), “Young People and Paranormal Experiences: Why Are They Scared? A Cognitive Pattern,” Archive for the Psychology of Religion, Vol. 32, No. 3, ss. 345-361.
  • MAUSS, Marcel (2005), Sosyoloji ve Antropoloji, Çev. Özcan Doğan, Ankara: Doğu Batı Yayınları.
  • MAYORAL, E. G., LACA, F. A. ve CEBALLOS, J. C. M. (2010), “Daily Spiritual Experience in Basques and Mexicans: A Quantitative Study,” Journal of Transpersonal Research, Vol. 2, ss. 10-25.
  • MCCLENON, James (1990), “Chinese and American Anomalous Experiences: The Role of Religiosity,” Sociological Analysis, Vol. 51, No. 1, ss. 53-67.
  • MCKINNON, Andrew M. (2003), “The Religious, the Paranormal, and Church Attendance: A Response to Orenstein,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 42, No. 2, ss. 299-303.
  • MENCKEN, F. C., BADER, C. D. ve STARK, R. (2008), “Conventional Christian Beliefs And Experimentation With The Paranormal,” Review of Religious Research, Vol. 50, No. 2, ss. 194–205. MOUSSEAU, Marie-Catherıne
  • (2003), “Media Coverage of
  • Parapsychology and the Prevalence of Irrational Beliefs,” Journal of Scientic
  • Exploration, Vol. 17, No. 4, ss. 705–714.
  • OH, J., KIM, K. R., OH, S. (2011), “Differences and Changes in Paranormal Beliefs in University Students from South Korea and the United States,” Korean Social Science Journal. Vol. 38, No. 2, ss. 35-51.
  • ORENSTEIN, A. (2002), “Religion and paranormal belief,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 41, ss. 301-311.
  • RABEYRON, T., ve WATT, C. (2010), “Paranormal Experiences, Mental Health And Mental Boundaries, And Psi,” Personality and Individual Differences. Volume 48, No. 4, ss. 487-492.
  • RANDALL, T. M., ve Desrosiers, M. (1980), “Measurement of supernatural belief: Sex differences and locus of control,” Journal of Personality Assessment, Vol. 44, ss. 493-498.
  • RICE, Tom. W. (2003), “Believe it or not: Religious and other paranormal beliefs in the United States,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 42, ss. 95-106.
  • RICE, Tom W. (2003), “Believe It or Not: Religious and Other Paranormal Beliefs in the United States,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 42, No. 1, ss. 95-106.
  • RIOUX, David ve BARRESI, John (1997), “Experiencing Science and Religion Alone and in Conflict,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 36, No. 3, ss. 411-428.
  • ROE, Chris A. (1999), “Critical thinking and belief in the paranormal: A re-evaluation,” British Journal of Psychology, Vol. 90, ss. 85-98.
  • SPELKE, Elizabeth S. ve KINZLER, Katherine D. (2007), “Core Knowledge,” Developmental Science, Vol. 10, No:1, ss. 89–96.
  • STARK, Rodney ve BAINBRIDGE, W. Sims (1985), The Future of Religion: Secularization, Revival and Cult Formation, Berkeley, California: University of California Press.
  • TAPPER, Nancy ve TAPPER, Richard (1987), “The Birth of the Prophet: Ritual and Gender in Turkish Islam,” Man, Vol. 22, No. 1, ss. 69-92.
  • TOBACYK, J. ve MILFORD, G. (1983), “Belief in Paranormal Phenomena: Assessment Instrument Development and Implications for Personality Functioning,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 44, ss. 1029-1037.
  • TOBACYK, Jerome J. (2004), “A Revised Paranormal Belief Scale,” The International Journal of Transpersonal Studies, Volume 23. ss. 94-98.
  • TRUZZI, M. (1972), “The Occult Revival as Popular Culture: Some Random Observations on the Old and the Nouveau Witch,” The Sociological Quarterly, 13, ss. 16-36.
  • TYLOR, Edward B. (1960), Anthropology, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
  • WEBER, Max (1964), The Sociology of Religion, Trans. Ephraim Fischoff, Boston: Beacon Press.
  • WHITE, Jenny B. (2002), “The Islamist Paradox,” Fragments of Culture The Everyday of Modern Turkey, Ed. Deniz Kandiyoti ve Ayşe Saktanber, London-New York: I.B. Tauris & Co. ss. 191-217.
  • WOLFRADT, U. (1997), “Dissociative Experiences, Trait Anxiety and Paranormal Beliefs,” Personnality and Individual Differences. Vol. 23, No. 1, ss. 15-19.

SOSYAL BİLİMLERDE PARANORMAL İNANÇLARA DAİR ÇALIŞMALAR: SEKÜLERLEŞME VE İNANÇ İKİLEMİNDE MODERN BİREY VE TOPLUM

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 172 - 202, 06.04.2015

Yrd. Doç. Dr. Halil Parladır Yrd. Doç. Dr. Devrim Özkan

https://doi.org/10.18026/cbusos.15687
Cited By: 1

Öz

Son yıllarda, modern toplumlarda, sıklıkla gözlemlenmeye başlayan paranormal inançlardaki artış, sosyal bilimciler tarafından dikkatle analiz edilmektedir. Sosyal bilimler sahasında paranormal inançlara dair yapılan çalışmalarda bir artış gözlemlenmektedir. Bu çalışmalar modern topluma dair yeni verilerin elde edilmesine neden olduğu gibi, insanın özgün özellikleri ile ilgili yeni bilgilerin edinilmesini sağlamaktadır. Dini kurumların toplumsal hayattan uzaklaşmasıyla, paranormal inançlarda dikkate değer bir artışın meydana gelmesi dikkat çekicidir. Tüm bunlar, insanın inanç ile sekülerleşme süreçleri arasında sıkıştığının birer göstergesidir. Sosyal bilimler sahasında paranormal inançların hangi toplumsal nedenlerden kaynaklandığının yanı sıra, ne çeşit toplumsal neticelere yol açtığı da analiz edilmektedir. Bu çerçevede çalışmamızda, sosyal bilimlerde paranormal inançlara dair çalışmalardaki artışın neyin göstergesi olduğu incelenmektedir. Böylece modernlik koşullarında sosyal bilimlerin işlevinin ne olduğunun yanı sıra, artan paranormal inançların modern toplum ve birey hakkında hangi verileri sunduğu da analiz edilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Paranormal Sekülerleşme İnanç Sosyal Bilimler Modern Toplum Birey

Kaynakça

  • AARNIO, Kia (2007), Paranormal, Superstitious, Magical, and Religious Beliefs, Helsinki: Helsinki University Printing House.
  • AARNIO, Kia ve LINDEMAN, Marjaana (2005), “Paranormal Beliefs, Education, And Thinking Styles,” Personality and Individual Differences, Vol. 39, Issue 7, ss. 1227–1236.
  • ARSLAN, Mustafa (2011), Paranormalizm ve Din, Bilsam Yayınları, Malatya.
  • BADER, C. D., BAKER, J. O. ve MOLLE, A. (2012), “Countervailing Forces: Religiosity and Paranormal Belief in Italy,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 51, No: 4, ss. 705–720.
  • BAINBRIDGE, William S. (2004), “After the New Age,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 43, No. 3, ss. 381–394.
  • BAINBRIDGE, William Sims (2004), “After the New Age,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 43, No. 3, ss. 381-394.
  • BAKER, J. O. ve DRAPER, S. (2010), “Diverse Supernatural Portfolios: Certitude, Exclusivity, and the Curvilinear Relationship Between Religiosity and Paranormal Beliefs,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 49, No. 3, ss. 413–424.
  • BECK, Richard ve MILLER, Jonathan P. (2001), “Erosion of Belief and Disbelief: Effects of Religiosity and Negative Affect on Beliefs in the Paranormal and Supernatural,” The Journal of Social Psychology, Vol. 141, No. 2, ss. 277-287.
  • BELL, Daniel. (1978), “The Return of the Sacred: The Argument about the Future Of Religion,” Zygon Journal of Religion and Science, Vol. 13, No 3, 1978, ss. 187-208.
  • BERGER, Peter L., BERGER, Brigitte ve KELLNER, Hansfried. (1973). The Homeless Mind, Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.
  • BERGER, Peter, L. (1990), The Sacred Canopy: Elements of a Sociological Theory of Religion, New York: Anchor Books.
  • BLACKMORE, S. (1994), “Probability Misjudgement and Belief in the Paranormal: is the Theory All Wrong?” Paper presented at the 37th Annual Parapsychological Association Convention, University of Amsterdam.
  • BLACKMORE, S. (1997), “Probability Misjudgement and Belief in the Paranormal: A newspaper Survey,” British Journal of Psychology, Vol. 88, ss. 683–690.
  • BLOCH, Jon P. (1998), “Individualism and Community in Alternative Spiritual Magic," Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 37, No. 2, ss. 286-302.
  • CLARKE, D. (1991), “Belief in the
  • Paranormal: A New Zealand
  • Survey,” Journal of the Society for Psychical Research, Vol. 57, ss. 412-425.
  • DAMBRUN, M. (2004), “Belief In Paranormal Determinism As A Source Of Prejudice Toward Disadvantaged Groups: The Dark Side Of Stars,” Social Behaviour and Personality, Vol. 32, No. 7, ss. 627-636.
  • DRAPER, Scott ve BAKER, Joseph O. (2011), “Angelic Belief as American Folk Religion,” Sociological Forum, Vol. 26, No. 3, ss. 623-643.
  • DRISKELL, R. L. ve LYON, L. (2011), “Assessing The Role of Religious Beliefs on Secular And Spiritual Behaviours,” Review of Religious Research, Vol. 52, No. 4, ss. 386-404.
  • DURKHEIM, Emile (2005), Dini Hayatın İlkel Biçimleri, (Çev. Fuat Aydın), Ataç Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • FARIAS, Miguel ve LALLJEE, Mansur (2008), “Holistic Individualism in the Age of Aquarius: Measuring Individualism/Collectivism in New Age, Catholic, and Atheist/Agnostic Groups,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 47, No. 2, ss. 277-289.
  • FARIAS, Miguel ve LALLJEE, Mansur (2008), “Holistic Individualism in the Age of Aquarius: Measuring Individualism/Collectivism in New Age, Catholic, and Atheist/Agnostic Groups,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 47, No. 2, ss. 277-289.
  • FRAZER, James George (1991), Altın Dal. Dinin ve Folklorun Kökleri 1-2, (Çev. Mehmet H. Doğan), Payel Yayınevi, İstanbul.
  • GALLUP, G. (1997), The Gallup poll: Public opinion, Wilmington: Scholarly Resources.
  • GLENDINNING, Tony (2006), “Religious Involvement, Conventional Christian, and Unconventional Nonmaterialist Beliefs,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 45, No. 4, ss. 585-595.
  • GOODE, Erich (2000), Paranormal Beliefs: a Sociological Introduction. Long Grove: Waveland Press Inc.
  • GREELEY, A. M. (1975), The Sociology of the Paranormal: a Reconnaissance. Beverly Hills/London: Sage.
  • GRIMMERA, M. R. ve WHITE, K. D. (1990), “The Structure of Paranormal Beliefs among Australian Psychology Students,” The Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, Volume 124, No. 4, ss. 357-370.
  • HARALDSSON, E. (1985), “Representative National Surveys of Psychic Phenomena: Iceland, Great Britain, Sweden, USA and Gallup’s Multinational Survey,” Journal of the Society for Psychical Research, Vol. 53, ss. 145-158.
  • HAY, D. ve MORISY, A. (1978), “Reports of Ecstatic, Paranormal, or Religious Experience in Great Britain and The United States: A Comparison of Trends,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 17, ss. 255-268.
  • HERGOVICH, Andreas ve ARENDASY, Martin (2005), “Critical Thinking Ability and Belief in the Paranormal,” Personality and Individual Differences, Vol. 38, ss. 1805–1812.
  • HILLSTROM, E. L., ve STRACHAN, M. (2000), “Strong Commitment to Traditional Protestant Religious Beliefs is Negatively Related to Beliefs in The Paranormal,” Psychological Reports, Vol. 86, ss. 183-189.
  • HUNTLEY, Chris (2005), “Paranormal Beliefs, Religious Beliefs and Personality Correlates”, Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisan Tezi, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester.
  • HUTTON, Ronald (2008), “Modern Pagan Festivals: A Study in the Nature of Tradition,” Folklore, Vol. 119, No.3, ss. 251-273.
  • IRWIN, H. (2009), The Psychology of Paranormal Belief: a Researcher's Handbook, Hertfordshire: University of Hertfordshire Press.
  • IRWIN, H. J. (1993), “Belief in the Paranormal: A Review of the Emnirical Literature,” The Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research. Vol. 87, ss. 1-39.
  • JAHODA, G. (1970), The Psychology of Superstition, Oxford: Penguin Press.
  • JAMES, A., ve WELLS, A. (2002), “Death Beliefs, Superstitious Beliefs and Health Anxiety,” British Journal of Clinical Psychology. Vol. 41, ss. 43-53.
  • KENNEDY, J.E. ve KANTHAMANI, H. (1995), “An Exploratory Study of the Effects of Paranormal and Spiritual Experiences on Peoples' Lives and Well-Being,” The Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, Volume 89, ss. 249-265.
  • LÉVY-BRUHL, Lucien (2006), İlkel Toplumlarda Mistik Deneyim ve Simgeler, Çev. Oğuz Adanır, Ankara: Doğu-Batı Yayınları.
  • MALINOWSKI, Bronislaw, (2000), Büyü, Bilim ve Din, Çev. Saadet Özkal, İstanbul: Kabalcı Yayınevi.
  • MARKOVSKY, Barry ve THYE, Shane R. (2001), “Social Influence on Paranormal Belıefs,” Sociological Perspectives, Vol. 44, No. 1, ss. 21-44.
  • MATHIJSEN, François P. (2010), “Young People and Paranormal Experiences: Why Are They Scared? A Cognitive Pattern,” Archive for the Psychology of Religion, Vol. 32, No. 3, ss. 345-361.
  • MAUSS, Marcel (2005), Sosyoloji ve Antropoloji, Çev. Özcan Doğan, Ankara: Doğu Batı Yayınları.
  • MAYORAL, E. G., LACA, F. A. ve CEBALLOS, J. C. M. (2010), “Daily Spiritual Experience in Basques and Mexicans: A Quantitative Study,” Journal of Transpersonal Research, Vol. 2, ss. 10-25.
  • MCCLENON, James (1990), “Chinese and American Anomalous Experiences: The Role of Religiosity,” Sociological Analysis, Vol. 51, No. 1, ss. 53-67.
  • MCKINNON, Andrew M. (2003), “The Religious, the Paranormal, and Church Attendance: A Response to Orenstein,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 42, No. 2, ss. 299-303.
  • MENCKEN, F. C., BADER, C. D. ve STARK, R. (2008), “Conventional Christian Beliefs And Experimentation With The Paranormal,” Review of Religious Research, Vol. 50, No. 2, ss. 194–205. MOUSSEAU, Marie-Catherıne
  • (2003), “Media Coverage of
  • Parapsychology and the Prevalence of Irrational Beliefs,” Journal of Scientic
  • Exploration, Vol. 17, No. 4, ss. 705–714.
  • OH, J., KIM, K. R., OH, S. (2011), “Differences and Changes in Paranormal Beliefs in University Students from South Korea and the United States,” Korean Social Science Journal. Vol. 38, No. 2, ss. 35-51.
  • ORENSTEIN, A. (2002), “Religion and paranormal belief,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 41, ss. 301-311.
  • RABEYRON, T., ve WATT, C. (2010), “Paranormal Experiences, Mental Health And Mental Boundaries, And Psi,” Personality and Individual Differences. Volume 48, No. 4, ss. 487-492.
  • RANDALL, T. M., ve Desrosiers, M. (1980), “Measurement of supernatural belief: Sex differences and locus of control,” Journal of Personality Assessment, Vol. 44, ss. 493-498.
  • RICE, Tom. W. (2003), “Believe it or not: Religious and other paranormal beliefs in the United States,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 42, ss. 95-106.
  • RICE, Tom W. (2003), “Believe It or Not: Religious and Other Paranormal Beliefs in the United States,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 42, No. 1, ss. 95-106.
  • RIOUX, David ve BARRESI, John (1997), “Experiencing Science and Religion Alone and in Conflict,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 36, No. 3, ss. 411-428.
  • ROE, Chris A. (1999), “Critical thinking and belief in the paranormal: A re-evaluation,” British Journal of Psychology, Vol. 90, ss. 85-98.
  • SPELKE, Elizabeth S. ve KINZLER, Katherine D. (2007), “Core Knowledge,” Developmental Science, Vol. 10, No:1, ss. 89–96.
  • STARK, Rodney ve BAINBRIDGE, W. Sims (1985), The Future of Religion: Secularization, Revival and Cult Formation, Berkeley, California: University of California Press.
  • TAPPER, Nancy ve TAPPER, Richard (1987), “The Birth of the Prophet: Ritual and Gender in Turkish Islam,” Man, Vol. 22, No. 1, ss. 69-92.
  • TOBACYK, J. ve MILFORD, G. (1983), “Belief in Paranormal Phenomena: Assessment Instrument Development and Implications for Personality Functioning,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 44, ss. 1029-1037.
  • TOBACYK, Jerome J. (2004), “A Revised Paranormal Belief Scale,” The International Journal of Transpersonal Studies, Volume 23. ss. 94-98.
  • TRUZZI, M. (1972), “The Occult Revival as Popular Culture: Some Random Observations on the Old and the Nouveau Witch,” The Sociological Quarterly, 13, ss. 16-36.
  • TYLOR, Edward B. (1960), Anthropology, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
  • WEBER, Max (1964), The Sociology of Religion, Trans. Ephraim Fischoff, Boston: Beacon Press.
  • WHITE, Jenny B. (2002), “The Islamist Paradox,” Fragments of Culture The Everyday of Modern Turkey, Ed. Deniz Kandiyoti ve Ayşe Saktanber, London-New York: I.B. Tauris & Co. ss. 191-217.
  • WOLFRADT, U. (1997), “Dissociative Experiences, Trait Anxiety and Paranormal Beliefs,” Personnality and Individual Differences. Vol. 23, No. 1, ss. 15-19.
Toplam 70 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Yrd. Doç. Dr. Halil Parladır Bu kişi benim

Yrd. Doç. Dr. Devrim Özkan Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 6 Nisan 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Parladır, Y. D. D. H., & Özkan, Y. D. D. D. (2015). SOSYAL BİLİMLERDE PARANORMAL İNANÇLARA DAİR ÇALIŞMALAR: SEKÜLERLEŞME VE İNANÇ İKİLEMİNDE MODERN BİREY VE TOPLUM. Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 13(1), 172-202. https://doi.org/10.18026/cbusos.15687

Cited By

The Relationship Between Paranormal Beliefs, Social Efficacy and Social Outcome Expectations in Muslim Society: The Case of Turkey
Journal of Religion and Health
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-021-01467-4

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