Determination of Pregnancy Experiences and Prenatal Distress of High-Risk Pregnant Women

Öz

Aim: Pregnancy is a critical period of life in which physiological and psychological changes occur. In order to provide optimal health care to high-risk pregnant women, it is important to determine the effects of these changes on them. This study was conducted to determine the pregnancy experiences and prenatal distress of high-risk pregnant women. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted with 422 pregnant women who were treated and care for high-risk pregnancy in a state hospital between April 2018 and June 2019. The data were collected with the pregnant descriptive information form, the “Pregnancy Experiences Scale” and the “Prenatal Distress Scale (Revised Version)”. Results: The mean age of the pregnant women was 27.74±6.43 years, the majority of them (81.3%) were 19-34 years old. It was determined that 16.1% of the pregnant women were treated in the clinic for hypertension during pregnancy, 37.7% for the threat of premature birth, 14.0% for premature rupture of membranes and 6.4% for gestational hypertension. It was found that 11.4% of the participants were hospitalized for treatment in their previous pregnancies and 14.7% in their current pregnancy. It was determined that the frequency and intensity of positive and negative emotions, and prenatal distress mean scores of the pregnant women were 45.09±20.25, 16.27±10.85, 2.44±0.36, 1.90±0.54 and 10.29±4.95, respectively. In addition, a significant negative correlation was found between the pregnancy experiences scale positive emotions frequency and intensity scores and prenatal distress scores, while a positive significant relationship was found between negative emotions frequency scores (p<0.05). Conclusions: The positive and negative pregnancy experiences of high-risk pregnant women were low. Although prenatal distress levels were low, pregnant women have been experienced prenatal distress. Additionally, as pregnant women's prenatal distress levels have been increased, positive pregnancy experiences decreased and negative pregnancy experiences increased. It was determined that as the prenatal distress levels of high-risk pregnant women increased, positive pregnancy experiences decreased and negative pregnancy experiences increased. In order to increase positive pregnancy experiences, it is recommended to evaluate the prenatal distress levels and pregnancy experiences of pregnant women and to provide necessary nursing care.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• High-risk pregnancy
• pregnancy experiences
• prenatal distress
• nursing care

Yüksek Riskli Gebelerin Gebelik Deneyimleri ve Prenatal Distreslerinin Belirlenmesi

Öz

Amaç: Gebelik, fizyolojik ve psikolojik değişimlerin yaşandığı kritik bir yaşam dönemidir. Yüksek riskli gebelere optimal sağlık bakımının sunulması için bu değişimlerin onlardaki etkilerinin belirlenmesi önemlidir. Bu araştırma, yüksek riskli gebelerin gebelik deneyimleri ve prenatal distres düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Kesitsel tipteki araştırma, Nisan 2018-Haziran 2019 tarihleri arasında bir devlet hastanesinde yüksek riskli gebelik nedeniyle tedavi ve bakım uygulanan 422 gebeyle yapılmıştır. Veriler, gebe tanıtıcı bilgi formu, “Gebelik Deneyimleri Ölçeği” ve “Prenatal Distres Ölçeği (Revize Versiyon)” ile toplanmıştır. Bulgular: Gebelerin yaş ortalaması 27.74±6.43 olup, çoğunluğunun 19-34 yaşlarında (%81.3) olduğu saptanmıştır. Gebelerin %16.1’inin gebelikte hipertansiyon, %37.7’sinin erken doğum tehdidi, %14.0’ının erken membran rüptürü ve %6.4’ünün gestasyonel hipertansiyon nedeniyle klinikte tedavi gördüğü tespit edilmiştir. Katılımcıların %11.4’ünün önceki gebeliklerinde ve %14.7’sinin mevcut gebeliğinde daha önce tedavi için hastaneye yattığı belirlenmiştir. Gebelerin olumlu ve olumsuz duygular sıklık ile yoğunluk ve prenatal distres puan ortalamalarının sırasıyla 45.09±20.25, 16.27±10.85, 2.44±0.36, 1.90±0.54 ve 10.29±4.95 olduğu saptanmıştır. Ayrıca, gebelik deneyimleri ölçeği olumlu duygular sıklık ve yoğunluk puanları ile prenatal distres puanları arasında negatif yönlü anlamlı bir ilişki saptanırken, olumsuz duygular sıklık puanları ile arasında pozitif yönlü anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Sonuç: Yüksek riskli gebelerin olumlu ve olumsuz gebelik deneyimlerinin düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Gebelerin prenatal distres düzeyleri düşük olmasına rağmen, prenatal distres yaşadığı saptanmıştır. Ayrıca, prenatal distres düzeyleri arttıkça, olumlu gebelik deneyimlerinin azaldığı ve olumsuz gebelik deneyimlerinin arttığı tespit edilmiştir. Olumlu gebelik deneyimlerinin arttırılması için gebelerin prenatal distres düzeylerinin ve gebelik deneyimlerinin değerlendirilmesi ve gerekli hemşirelik bakımının verilmesi önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yüksek riskli gebelik
• gebelik deneyimleri
• prenatal distres
• hemşirelik bakımı

Kaynakça

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