Roma Kraliyet Dönemi’nde Quaestor Parricidii Memuriyeti

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 11, 125 - 134, 21.06.2023

Baykal Deniz Atilla

Öz

Quaestor’luk görevi Roma tarihindeki en eski magistratus’luk makamlarından biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Muhtemelen Roma Krallık Dönemi’nde oluşturulan quaestores parricidii görevinin, quaestor’luğun ilk formu olarak yargısal nitelikli bir görev şeklinde ortaya çıktığı düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada Cumhuriyet Dönemi’nde Roma’nın hâkimiyet alanının büyümesiyle farklı devlet görevlerine olan ihtiyacın ortaya çıkması sonucunda, quaestor’luk makamının mali yönetim ve denetimden sorumlu memuriyete dönüştüğü, Krallık Dönemi’nde oluşturulduğu varsayılan yargısal fonksiyonu haiz quaestores parricidii makamının zaman içinde yerini MÖ 366 yılında oluşturulan praetor’luk görevine bıraktığı yönündeki görüşler değerlendirilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Quaestor , Quaestor Parricidii , Cursus Honorum , Decemvir , Praetor

Office of Quaestor Parricidii During the Regal Period of Ancient Rome

Öz

The title of Quaestor is recognized as one of the oldest magistratus titles in the history of Rome. It is thought that the office of quaestor parricidii, which was probably established during the regal period, emerged as a judicial office as the first form of the office of quaestor. This study evaluates the claim that, as a result of Rome’s sphere of dominance growing in the Republic period and the need for different state duties arising, the office of quaestor was transformed into a civil authority responsible for financial management and supervision, while the office of quaestor parricidii, which is assumed to have been established in the regal period as a judicial body, was replaced with the office of praetor formed in 366 BCE.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Quaestor , Quaestor Parricidii , Cursus Honorum , Decemvir , Praetor

Kaynakça

• Abbot F. F. 1911, Roman Political Institution. Boston.
• Atlan S. 2014, Roma Tarihi’nin Ana Hatları. Ankara.
• Beard M. 2018, SPQR Antik Roma Tarihi. İstanbul.
• Berger A. 1991, Encyclopedic Dictionary of Roma Law. Philapelphia.
• Bergk A. 2011, “The Development of the Praetorship in the Third Century BC”. Eds. H. Beck, A. Duplá, M. Jehne & F. P. Polo, Consuls and Res Publica: Holding High Office in the Roman Republic. Cambridge, 61-74.
• Brennan T. C. 2001, The Praetorship in the Roman Republic. Vol. 1. New York.
• Brennan T. C. 2014, “Power and Process under the Republican ‘Constitution’”. Ed. H. Flower, The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Republic. New York, 19-53.
• Broughton T. R. S. 1951, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic. Vol. I. Oxford.
• Bruns C. G. 1887, Fontes Romani Iuris Antiqui, Editio Quinta Cura Thedori Mommseni. Friburgum. Bunson M. 2002, Encyclopedia of the Roman Empire. New York.
• Coleman Norton P. R. Coleman 1950, “Cicero's Contribution to the Text of the Twelve Tables”. The Classical Journal 46/2, 51-60.
• Cornell T. J. 1995. The Begginings of Rome: Italy and Rome from the Bronze Age to the Punic Wars (c. 1000 – 264 BC). New York. Covino R. 2011, “The Fifth Century, the Decemvirate, and the Quaestorship”. Australasian Society for Classical Studies 32, 1-6. Dementeva V. V. 2009. The Functions of the Quaestors of Archaic Rome in Criminal Justice. Yaroslavi. Dillon M. & Garland L. 2015, Ancient Rome Social and Historical Documents from the Early Republic to the Death of Augustus. New York.
• Durham P. J. 2006, “Mastroi”. Eds. H. Cancik & H. Schneider, Brill’s Encyclopedia of the Ancient World Vol. 8 (IG XII). Boston, 452.
• Ellart C. S. M. 2013, “Homicide, Rome”. The Encyclopedia of Ancient History 2013, 3285-3289.
• Forsythe G. 2005, A Critical History of Early Rome. Los Angeles.
• Fowler H. N. “The Mastroi at Rhodes”. AJP 6/4, 472-475.
• Gaughan J. E. 2010, Murder was not a Crime: Homicide and Power in the Roman Republic. Austin. Giovannini A. 1984. “Les Origines des Magistratures Romaines”. Museum Helveticum 41/1, 15 30. Howatson M. C. 2013, Oxford Antikçağ Sözlüğü. Çev. F. Ersöz, İstanbul.
• Johnstone D. 1999, Roman Law in Context. Cambridge.
• Jones H. S. 1928, “The Decemvirate and the Twelve Tables”. CAH VII, 458-461.
• Jones P. 2013, Geldim, Gördüm, Yendim. Çev. F. Sezer, İstanbul.
• Kuiper K. (Ed.) 2011, Ancient Rome from Romulus and Remus to the Visigoth Invasion. New York.
• Lang L. 1856, Römische Altherhümer. Berlin.
• Latte K. 1936, “The Origin of the Roman Quaestorship”. American Philological Association 67, 24 33. Lewis C. T. & Short C. 1879, A New Latin Dictionary. New York.
• Lintott A. W. 1999, The Constitution of the Roman Republic. Oxford.
• Lomas K. 2022, Roma’nın Yükselişi. Çev. U. C. Ardal, İstanbul.
• Lord J. 1867, Old Roman World. New York.
• Magdelain A. 1984, “Paricidas”. Collection de L’Ecole de Rome 79, 549-571.
• Martin T. R. 2022, Antik Roma. Çev. S. Özgüler, İstanbul.
• Mommsen T. 1862, The History of Rome. Vol. I - IV. Trans. W. P. Dicson, London.
• Mommsen T. 1870, Digesta Iustiniani Augusti. Vol. I. Berlin.
• Niemeyer K. 1854, “Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Quaestur”. Zeitschrift für die Altertumswissenschaft 12, 515-531. Polo F. P. & Fernandez A. D. 2019, The Quaestorship in the Roman Republic (Volume 31 in the series KLIO / Beihefte. Neue Folge). Berlin. Rives J. B. 2002, “Magic in the XII Tables Revisited”. The Classical Quarterly 52/1, 270–90.
• Ruperti C. A. 1696, ad Enchiridion Pomponii. Friesland.
• Smith W. 1859, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities. Boston.
• Sriram K. 2004, “Roman Impact on Common Law: Legend or Legacy?”. Student Bar Review 16, 25-45. Tahiroğlu B. & Erdoğmuş B. 2014, Roma Hukuku Dersleri. İstanbul. Taylor T. M. 1899, A Constitutional and Political History of Rome, From the Earliest Times to the Reign of Domitian. London. Tolosa I. D. 2010, “Las Magistraturas, Pilar Fundamental de la Republica Romana”. Tradición y Saber 7, 95-114. Vigletti C. 2021, “Cumhuriyet Döneminde Roma”. Ed. U. Eco, Antik Roma. İstanbul, 42-53. Watson A. 1998, The Digest of Justinian. Vol. I. Philadelphia.