ROME’S FIGHT AGAINST PIRACY IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE SYRIAN PROVINCE

Öz

In the rise of Mediterranean civilization and Mediterranean sea trade the onset of piracy was an important event. Due to the supremacy of one or two powers in the Mediterranean until the start of the Hellenistic period, piracy had not occured in Medi­terra­ne­an. During the Hellenistic period due to con­stant wars between kings, piracy filled the space in the absence of control. Since the Roman Empire for­c­ed the Seleucid withdrawal from the eastern part of the Taurus Mountains, Cilicia’ shores became a natu­ral home for pirates. The pirates who settled in Cilicia not only threatened trade in the Mediterra­nean, but organized looting expeditions that extended to Italy. This began to concern Rome and Scipio Aemilianus to solve the problem of piracy, Marcus Antonius, Sulla sent to the commanders of Dolabella, and as Servilius. fightings of Pirates and Romans prolonged in the land and sea. Despite large defeats for the pi­rates, piracy continued to exist. The pirates had great support from the local people who were struggling with poverty. Ro­me finally sent Pompeius to establish authority over Asia Minor, and also to solve the prob­lem of pi­racy. Pompey found solutions for the problem of piracy, by taken measures in the area, mili­tary action against the pi­rates in Cilicia and moving people to other areas. Moreover Pompeius established the Syri­an Province and so exercised control over all the ports that the pi­rates could have sought refuge in.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Rome • Piracy • Cilicia • Pompey • Provincia Syria

SURİYE EYALETİ’NİN KURULUŞUNA KADAR ROMA’NIN DOĞU AKDENİZ’DE KORSANLIKLA MÜCADALESİ

Öz

Akdeniz medeniyetinin oluşumunda deniz tica­reti kadar önemli bir diğer olgu da korsanlık faali­yet­leridir. Hellenistik Dönem’in başlangıcına kadar Akde­niz kıyı­ları bir veya iki devletin sürekli otoritesi altında olduğu için, korsanlık çok fazla görülmemiştir. Helle­nistik Dö­nem’de ise krallıkların sürekli birbiriyle savaş­masından dolayı Akdeniz’de oluşan otorite boşlu­ğunu korsanlar doldurmuştur. Roma’nın Seleukosları, Toros Dağla­rı’nın doğusuna çekilmeye mecbur etme­siyle Kili­kia kıyıları korsanların doğal sığınma meka­nına dö­nüş­müştür. Kili­kia’ya yerleşen korsanlar Akdeniz tica­re­tini tehdit etmelerinin yanı sıra İtalya Yarımadası’na ka­dar uza­nan yağma seferleri düzenle­mişler­dir. Bu du­rum Roma’yı rahatsız etmeye başlayınca korsanlık so­ru­nunu çözmek için Scipio Aemilianus, Marcus Anto­nius, Sulla, Dolabella ve Servilius gibi komutanları gön­de­ril­miştir. Korsanlar ile Roma arasında uzun süre de­vam eden deniz ve kara savaşlarında korsanlara bü­yük darbeler vu­rul­muşsa da korsanlık tamamen orta­dan kal­dı­rı­lama­mıştır. Korsan­lar, yoksullukla mücadele eden yerel halk­tan da büyük destek görmüşlerdir. Ro­ma, niha­yetinde Pompeius’u hem Küçük Asya’daki Ro­ma otori­tesini tesis etmesi hem de korsanlık soru­nunu çözmesi için gönder­miştir. Pompeius, Kilikia’da askeri tedbirlerin yanı sıra bölgedeki insanları başka alanlara göç ettirerek korsanlık sorununa çözüm bul­muştur. Ayrıca Pompe­ius Suriye Eyaleti’ni kurarak kor­sanların sığınabileceği tüm liman­ları Roma ege­menliği altına almıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Roma • Korsanlık • Kilikia • Pompeius • Suriye Eyaleti

Kaynakça

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