Çeviribilim Çalışmalarında Çevirmenin Üslubu ve Makinenin Üslubu

Öz

Bu çalışmada öncelikle çeviribilimde üslup araştırmaları içinde, 20. yüzyıl sonlarında çevirmenin üslubu araştırmalarının açılması ve bu alanda belirleyici olmuş incelemeler ele alınmaktadır. Edebi üslup konusu çeviribilim çalışmalarının içinde hep yer almıştır, ama çevirmenin yazarınkinden ayrı olarak kendine ait üslubunun varlığının kabul edilmesi ve inceleme konusu yapılması hemen olmamıştır. Bu alanda çeviribilime dilbilimsel araçları taşıyan Mona Baker’dan itibaren bütünceler, çeviri bütünceleri önem kazanmıştır. Ama çeviri sürecine bilgisayarın girmesi ve 21. yüzyılın başında makine çevirilerinin hızla yaygınlık kazanması, çevirmenin zamanla artdüzeltmen rolünü üstlendiği durumların ortaya çıkması, makine üslubunun ya da makine çevirisi üslubunun varlığını da gündeme getirmiştir. İşlenen veri hacminin artması ve teknolojinin iyileşmesiyle ortaya çıkan nöral makine çevirisi, bu alanda çalışan bilimcilerin yüzünü teknik ve genel metinlerden yaratıcı metinlere çevirmesi konusunda cesaret vermiş ancak ilk dönem incelemeleri belirli metrikler üzerinden doğruluk ve kalite kavramlarına yoğunlaşmıştır. Anonim ve genel metinlerle eğitilmiş makine çevirisi modellerinin ürettiği erek metinlerin incelenmesinin ötesine geçen çalışmalar çeviride yaratıcılık ve üslup konularına odaklanmış ve bu kavramların giderek otomasyona maruz kalan çeviri dünyasına yansımalarını tartışmaya açmıştır. Makine çevirisine insani bir dokunuşu da mümkün kılan bu tür yaklaşımların yakın gelecekte ne gibi etkiler yaratabileceğini de tartıştığımız incelememizde çeviribilim alanında insan ve makine çevirilerinin üslup araştırmaları çerçevesinde nasıl ele alındığını tarihsel açıdan ele alıyoruz.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• çeviribilim
• çevirmen üslubu
• stilistik
• bütünce dilbilim
• makine çevirisi
• çeviride üslup
• hesaplamalı dilbilim

Destekleyen Kurum

TÜBİTAK

Proje Numarası

121K221

The Style of the Translator and the Style of the Machine in Translation Studies

Öz

This article explores research on translator’s style that started at the end of 20th century with a focus on the most influential works on the topic. Literary style has always been a field of interest to Translation Studies but it took a quite long time until it was accepted that the translator has a unique style besides the author’s. The most important contribution in this line was made by Mona Baker, who applied linguistic tools to introduce the idea of corpus and translation corpus into the field. But with the introduction of computers into the translation process and the popularization of machine translation at the beginning of 21st century, the emergence of post-editor role for translators has also brought forward the concept of mechanical style or machine translation style. The neural machine translation that arose as the volume of translational data increased and the technology improved, encouraged scientists to direct their attention from technical and general texts to creative ones; but the investigations focused on the notions of accuracy and quality in the first periods. As the investigations changed their focus from target texts that were created by the machine translation models trained by anonymous and general texts, the concepts of creativity and style in translation and their place in a translation world increasingly defined by automation has taken foreground. In our work, we discuss how these developments that make possible a humane touch to the machine translation will have impact on translation work in general. We also provide a historical evolution of the investigation of style in human and machine translations within Translation Studies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• translation studies
• translator style
• stylistics
• corpus linguistics
• machine translation
• style in translation
• computational linguistics

Proje Numarası

121K221

Kaynakça

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