Evaluation of Organic Agriculture Cultivation in Erzincan

Öz

The aim of this study is to deeply understand the motivations of farmers who adopt organic farming practices in Erzincan Province, the challenges they face, and the effects of organic farming on health and the environment. The study aims to reveal farmers' perceptions of organic agriculture and the reasons underlying these perceptions. For this purpose, farmers who had at least two years of experience in organic agriculture and who grew various organic products were selected. A total of 13 farmers were included in the research. In the research, the case study method was preferred to understand in depth the motivations of farmers who adopt organic farming practices in Turkey, the difficulties they face and the effects of organic farming on health and the environment. The research reveals how organic farming is perceived by farmers, their motivations and the challenges they face. Findings show that organic farming provides significant benefits in environmental, health and economic dimensions. However, in order to popularize organic agriculture, costs must be reduced, marketing channels must be developed and farmers must be trained. Consistent with studies in the literature, strategic interventions are needed for the sustainability and dissemination of organic agriculture. In this context, it is important to increase government support and raise farmers' awareness.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• motivasion
• organic agriculture
• sustianbilty

Erzincan’da Organik Tarım Yetiştiriciliğinin Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Erzincan İlindeki organik tarım uygulamalarını benimseyen çiftçilerin motivasyonlarını, karşılaştıkları zorlukları ve organik tarımın sağlık ve çevre üzerindeki etkilerini derinlemesine anlamaktır. Çalışma, çiftçilerin organik tarıma yönelik algılarını ve bu algıların altında yatan nedenleri ortaya koymayı hedeflemektedir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, organik tarımda en az iki yıl deneyime sahip olan ve çeşitli organik ürünler yetiştiren çiftçiler seçilmiştir. Toplamda 13 çiftçi araştırmaya dahil edilmiştir. Araştırmada Türkiye'deki organik tarım uygulamalarını benimseyen çiftçilerin motivasyonlarını, karşılaştıkları zorlukları ve organik tarımın sağlık ve çevre üzerindeki etkilerini derinlemesine anlamak için durum çalışması yöntemi tercih edilmiştir. Araştırma, organik tarımın çiftçiler tarafından nasıl algılandığını, motivasyonlarını ve karşılaştıkları zorlukları ortaya koymaktadır. Bulgular, organik tarımın çevresel, sağlık ve ekonomik boyutlarda önemli faydalar sağladığını göstermektedir. Ancak, organik tarımın yaygınlaştırılması için maliyetlerin düşürülmesi, pazarlama kanallarının geliştirilmesi ve çiftçilerin eğitilmesi gerekmektedir. Literatürdeki çalışmalarla uyumlu olarak, organik tarımın sürdürülebilirliği ve yaygınlaştırılması için stratejik müdahalelere ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, devlet desteğinin artırılması ve çiftçilerin bilinçlendirilmesi önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• motivasyon
• organik tarım
• sürüdürülebilrilik

Kaynakça

1. Aksakal, V., Haşimoğlu, S., Bayram, B., Erdoğan, Y., Altun, H. Ü., & Cengiz, M. M. (2016). Sustainability, organic agriculture, and livestock production with respect to the European Union in Eastern Anatolia and East Black Sea Regions. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 4(11), 1024-1030. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v4i11.1024-1030.758
2. Arslan, A. (2022). Investigation of Changes of Organic Crops Production in World and Turkey. Ziraat Mühendisliği. https://doi.org/10.33724/zm.1029470
3. Aydın Eryılmaz, G., Kılıç, O., & Boz, İ. (2019). Türkiye’de organik tarım ve iyi tarım uygulamalarının ekonomik, sosyal ve çevresel sürdürülebilirlik açısından değerlendirilmesi. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 29(2), 352-361. https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.446002
4. Bahsi, N. (2020). Investigation of factors affecting the organic agricultural production amount in Turkey: a panel data analysis. Applied Ecology & Environmental Research, 18(3). https://www.aloki.hu/pdf/1803_40594073.pdf
5. Başaran, B., Konyali, S., & Oraman, Y. (2018). An overview of organic producer organizations in Turkey. New Knowledge Journal of Science, 7(2), 45-54. http://science.uard.bg/index.php/newknowledge/article/view/360
6. Bengtsson, J., Ahnström, J., & Weibull, A. C. (2005). The effects of organic agriculture on biodiversity and abundance: a meta‐analysis. Journal of Applied Ecology, 42(2), 261-269. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2005.01005.x
7. Boz, İ., & Kaynakçı, C. (2019). Possibilities of improving organic farming in Turkey. International Journal of Innovation and Economic Development, 18-27. https://doi.org/10.18775/IJIED.1849-7551-7020.2015.54.2002
8. Boz, İ., & Kılıç, O. (2021). Türkiye’de organik tarımın gelişmesi için alınması gereken önlemler. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 8(3), 390-400. https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.980688

9. Cakirli Akyüz, H., & Theuvsen, L. (2021). Türkiye’de organik tarımın durumu ve geleceği. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 34(2), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10806-021-09851-3
10. Cakirli Akyüz, N., & Theuvsen, L. (2021). Organic agriculture in Turkey: Status, achievements, and shortcomings. Organic Agriculture, 11(4), 501-517. https://doi.org/10.21121/eab.1342188
11. Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches (4th ed.). Sage Publications. https://www.scribd.com/document/993677732/Creswell-2018-Book-Qualitative-Inquiry-and-Research-Design-Choosing-Among-Five-Approaches
12. Çalık, A. (2020). The Importance of Organic Agriculture and Şanlıurfa Farmers ‘Perspectives on Organic Products. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 8(3), 728-732. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v8i3.728-732.3247
13. Çukur, T., Kızılaslan, N., & Kızılaslan, H. (2019). Analysis of the factors affecting the adoption of organic farming in Turkey: the case of Samsun Province. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research. https://doi.org/10.15666/AEER/1706_1400114008
14. DemireL, A. N. Ş. (2022). Organic Barley and Wheat Production Forecast: The Case of Ağrı Province. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(1), 176-184. https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1005539
15. Ekici, A. (2012). Organic Farming for the Domestic Market: Exploring a Unique yet Challenging Food System in Turkey. In 37th Macromarketing Conference (Vol. 13, p. 185).
16. Elo, S., & Kyngäs, H. (2008). The qualitative content analysis process. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 62(1), 107-115. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04569.x.
17. Fusch, P., Fusch, G. E. ve Ness, L. R. (2018). Denzin's paradigm shift: revisiting triangulation in qualitative research. Journal of Social Change, 10(1), 19-32. https://doi.org/10.5590/JOSC.2018.10.1.02.
18. Gulsoy, E., Tarhan, A., Izol, E., Cokran, B. D., & Simsek, M. (2022). A research on the chemical, mineral and fatty acid compositions of two almond cultivars grown as organic and conventional in southeastern Turkey. Grasas Y Aceites, 73(3), e477-e477. https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.0679211
19. IFOAM. (2018). Principles of Organic Agriculture. Retrieved from https://www.ifoam.bio/en/organic-landmarks/principles-organic-agriculture
20. Kaya, A., & Bay, S. (2020). Organic grape production and producer status in Adıyaman province; example of Besni district. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 8(9), 1988-1993. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v8i9.1988-1993.3600
21. Kayhan, M. H., & Olmez, M. (2014). Aquaculture and organic aquaculture in Turkey. Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development 5(5). https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.1000259
22. Konyali, S., Başaran, B., & Oraman, Y. (2018). Support Policies for Organic Farming in Turkey. New Knowledge Journal of Science, 7(2), 55-62. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334508843_Support_Policies_For_Organic_Farming_In_Turkey
23. Läpple, D. (2010). Adoption and abandonment of organic farming: An empirical investigation of the Irish drystock sector. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 61(3), 697-714. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9552.2010.00262.x
24. Lehner, M. (2009). Hindrances local organic farmers are facing in the Turkish organic agricultural sector: an attempt to identify barriers and suggest ways to eliminate them (Second cycle, A2E). Uppsala: SLU, Dept. of Crop Production Ecology.
25. Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. Sage Publications.
26. Merriam, S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2015). Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation (4th ed.). Jossey-Bass.
27. Mie, A., Andersen, H. R., Gunnarsson, S., Kahl, J., Kesse-Guyot, E., Rembiałkowska, E., ... & Grandjean, P. (2017). Human health implications of organic food and organic agriculture: a comprehensive review. Environmental Health, 16(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-017-0315-4
28. Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage Publications.
29. Pimentel, D., Hepperly, P., Hanson, J., Douds, D., & Seidel, R. (2005). Environmental, energetic, and economic comparisons of organic and conventional farming systems. BioScience, 55(7), 573-582. https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0573:EEAECO]2.0.CO;2
30. Reganold, J. P., & Wachter, J. M. (2016). Organic agriculture in the twenty-first century. Nature Plants, 2(2), 15221. https://doi.org/10.1038/nplants.2015.221
31. Turhan, Ş. (2005). Tarımda Sürdürülebilirlik Ve Organik Tarım. Tarım Ekonomisi Dergisi, 11(1 ve 2), 13-24. https://izlik.org/JA87ED65YU
32. Yin, R. K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage Publications.