Araştırma Makalesi

Altered Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index in Children with Breath-Holding Spells: A Retrospective Comparative Study

Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2 31 Ağustos 2026
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Altered Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index in Children with Breath-Holding Spells: A Retrospective Comparative Study

Öz

Objective: To evaluate whether complete blood count (CBC)-derived hematological and inflammatory indices differ between children with breath-holding spells (BHS) and a control group without neurological or chronic systemic disease, and whether laboratory parameters can contribute to distinguishing cyanotic and pallid subtypes. Materials and Methods: This retrospective, single-center comparative study included 47 children diagnosed with BHS (22 cyanotic, 25 pallid) and 50 controls without neurological, hematological, or chronic systemic disease. A complete blood count obtained at the diagnostic evaluation was available for 44 of the patients (21 cyanotic, 23 pallid) and for all 50 controls. CBC parameters, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) were compared, and multivariable logistic regression was used to adjust the main comparisons for age and sex. Within the BHS cohort, iron status, vitamin B12, and thyroid function parameters were compared between the cyanotic and pallid subtypes. Results: Children with BHS had a significantly lower absolute neutrophil count (p=0.001, q=0.006), NLR (p<0.001, q<0.001), and SII (p<0.001, q<0.001), and a higher absolute lymphocyte count (p=0.004, q=0.019) than controls. Both NLR and SII remained associated with BHS after adjustment for age and sex (adjusted odds ratio 0.93 per 0.1 unit of NLR, 95% CI 0.89-0.98, p=0.006; 0.81 per 100 units of SII, 95% CI 0.70-0.94, p=0.005). ROC analysis showed NLR was the strongest single discriminator for BHS (AUC 0.765, 95% CI 0.663-0.866; Youden cut-off ≤0.661; 68.2% sensitivity, 82.0% specificity). No individual biochemical parameter differentiated the cyanotic and pallid subtypes (all p>0.05). Conclusion: Children with BHS showed a shift in neutrophil-lymphocyte balance that differs from the pattern usually seen in inflammatory conditions and is compatible with, although not proof of, autonomic dysregulation. Given their moderate discriminatory performance, NLR and SII are best regarded as supportive laboratory parameters that may accompany the clinical assessment of BHS.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Destekleyen Kurum

The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Etik Beyan

This study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

Teşekkür

The authors have no acknowledgements to declare.

Kaynakça

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  2. DiMario FJ Jr. Prospective study of children with cyanotic and pallid breath-holding spells. Pediatrics 2001;107(2):265–9. Doi: 10.1542/peds.107.2.265.
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  6. Vurucu S, Karaoglu A, Paksu SM, et al. Breath-holding spells may be associated with maturational delay in myelination of brain stem. J Clin Neurophysiol 2014;31(1):99–101. Doi: 10.1097/WNP.0000000000000020.
  7. Hanci F, Turay S, Tirink OF, Kabakus N. Breath-holding spells: etiological factors, laboratory findings, and rates of response to iron therapy. Anatol Clin J Med Sci 2021;26(2):165–72. Doi: 10.21673/anadoluklin.797238.
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Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Çocuk Nörolojisi

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

31 Ağustos 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

28 Haziran 2026

Kabul Tarihi

20 Ağustos 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA
Başarır, G., & Avcı, R. (2026). Altered Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index in Children with Breath-Holding Spells: A Retrospective Comparative Study. Güncel Tıbbi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(2), 42-57. https://doi.org/10.52818/cjmr.1980864
AMA
1.Başarır G, Avcı R. Altered Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index in Children with Breath-Holding Spells: A Retrospective Comparative Study. GÜTAD. 2026;6(2):42-57. doi:10.52818/cjmr.1980864
Chicago
Başarır, Günce, ve Rıdvan Avcı. 2026. “Altered Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index in Children with Breath-Holding Spells: A Retrospective Comparative Study”. Güncel Tıbbi Araştırmaları Dergisi 6 (2): 42-57. https://doi.org/10.52818/cjmr.1980864.
EndNote
Başarır G, Avcı R (01 Ağustos 2026) Altered Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index in Children with Breath-Holding Spells: A Retrospective Comparative Study. Güncel Tıbbi Araştırmaları Dergisi 6 2 42–57.
IEEE
[1]G. Başarır ve R. Avcı, “Altered Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index in Children with Breath-Holding Spells: A Retrospective Comparative Study”, GÜTAD, c. 6, sy 2, ss. 42–57, Ağu. 2026, doi: 10.52818/cjmr.1980864.
ISNAD
Başarır, Günce - Avcı, Rıdvan. “Altered Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index in Children with Breath-Holding Spells: A Retrospective Comparative Study”. Güncel Tıbbi Araştırmaları Dergisi 6/2 (01 Ağustos 2026): 42-57. https://doi.org/10.52818/cjmr.1980864.
JAMA
1.Başarır G, Avcı R. Altered Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index in Children with Breath-Holding Spells: A Retrospective Comparative Study. GÜTAD. 2026;6:42–57.
MLA
Başarır, Günce, ve Rıdvan Avcı. “Altered Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index in Children with Breath-Holding Spells: A Retrospective Comparative Study”. Güncel Tıbbi Araştırmaları Dergisi, c. 6, sy 2, Ağustos 2026, ss. 42-57, doi:10.52818/cjmr.1980864.
Vancouver
1.Günce Başarır, Rıdvan Avcı. Altered Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index in Children with Breath-Holding Spells: A Retrospective Comparative Study. GÜTAD. 01 Ağustos 2026;6(2):42-57. doi:10.52818/cjmr.1980864