Döngüsel Ekonomiye Geçişin Finansmanı: Avrupa Birliği

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 3, 644 - 671, 30.09.2025

Sinan Senturk , Serpil Ağcakaya

Öz

Tedarik zinciri boyunca, al-yap-tüket-at süreçlerini ifade eden doğrusal ekonomik modelden, al-yeniden kullan-yükselt-onar süreçlerine geçişi ifade eden döngüsel ekonomi; hem atık/kaynak tüketimini en aza indirir hem de ürünlerin yaşam döngüsünü uzatmaktadır. Bu sebeple, yeni teknoloji ve inovasyon, döngüsel ürün ve hizmetlere yönelik harcama politikaları ve sermaye akışlarının sürdürülebilir yatırımlara dönüştürülmesi gerekliliği neticesinde ise döngüsel ekonominin finansmanının nasıl sağlanacağı konusu ön plana çıkmaktadır. Özellikle ekonomik alanda, uluslarüstü bir yapı olan Avrupa Birliği’nde döngüsel ekonomiye geçiş için (2014-2022) Avrupa Yatırım Bankası’nın sunduğu fonlar, (2021-2027) Horizon Europe, (2021-2027) Life Programı ve (2021-2027) Tek Pazar Programı, temel finansman araçlarını oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada, (2014-2022) yıllarını kapsayacak şekilde Avrupa Yatırım Bankası tarafından döngüsel ekonomiye geçiş için sağlanan sektörel krediler, (2021-2027) yılları arasında endüstriyel rekabet gücünü attırmayı amaçlayan Horizon Europe Bütçesi, çevre/iklim/enerji faaliyetlerine odaklanan Life Programı Bütçesi ve Tek Pazar Programı Bütçesi incelenmiştir. Sermayenin, mal/hizmetlerin ve emeğin liberalizasyonunun sağlandığı ve dünyanın en büyük pazarı olan AB Tek Pazar’ı kapsamında sunulan 4.2 milyar Euro’luk toplam finansal kaynağın, %40’i gıda güveliğine ve %24’ü ise KOBİ’lerin rekabet gücüne ayrılmıştır. (2018-2022) yılları arasında ise Avrupa Yatırım Bankası’nın 3.4 milyar Euro’luk toplam kredilerinin %35’i sanayi/hizmetler ve %23’ü tarım/biyoekonomi sektörüne ayrılmıştır. (2021-2027) yıllarını kapsayacak şekilde, toplamı 95.5 milyar Euro olan Horizon Europe Bütçesi’nin %56’sı Küresel Zorluklarla Mücadele ve Avrupa’nın Endüstriyel Rekabet Edebilirliği’ne ayrılmıştır. Son olarak, toplamı 5.43 milyar Euro olan Life Programı bütçesinin %64’ü ise çevre faaliyetlerine ayrılarak döngüsel ekonomiye geçiş ön plana çıkartılmıştır. Türkçe literatürde, döngüsel ekonomiye geçiş için AB’nin belirlediği temel finansman araçlarını analiz eden bir çalışma olmaması nedeniyle bu çalışmayla döngüsel ekonomiye geçişin finansmanı ile ilgili yapılacak olan diğer çalışmalara başta AB özelinde olmak üzere referans sağlanması amaçlanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Döngüsel Ekonomi , Avrupa Birliği , Finansman , Finansal Sürdürülebilirlik

Etik Beyan

Yazarlar, bu çalışmanın tüm hazırlanma süreçlerinde etik kurallara uyulduğunu beyan etmektedir. Bilimsel etik konuları ile ilgili aksi bir durumun tespiti halinde tüm sorumluluk çalışmanın yazarlarına ait olup, Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi’nin hiçbir sorumluluğu bulunmamaktadır.

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