The Effect of Grazing Dairy Cattle with Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) on Milk Minerals, CLA, and Fatty Acid Levels

Öz

Grazing Alfalfa in the nutrition of ruminant animals has been increasing day by day. In this study, it was aimed to compare milk mineral and fatty acid levels of cows fed with Total Ration Mix (TMR) and cows fed with fresh alfalfa and commercial concentrate feed (2.7 Mcal/kg %21 crude protein). 24 Holstein cows were divided into two groups. The first group (TMR Group) was fed with TMR. TMR content involves barley, commercial concentrate feed (2.7 Mcal/kg %21 crude protein), corn silage, straw, and dry alfalfa. The second group (Aflalfa Group) was mainly fed with artificial alfalfa pasture as well as barley and commercial concentrate feed. The element and fatty acid levels of alfalfa plant samples from artificial alfalfa pasture and milk samples were determined by using Induced Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrophotometry (ICP-MS) and Gas Chromatography (GC) devices. TMR Group's milk calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and zinc (Zn) levels were found to be lower than cow's milk in Alfalfa Group. It was observed that while the caprylic acid (8:0) and myristic acid (14:0) levels of the Alfalfa Group were lower than the TMR Group; myristoleic acid (14:1), cis-11-eicosenoic acid (20:1n9c), gamma-linolenic acid (18:3n6), cis-8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid (20:3n6), cis-5, 8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n3), KLAc9t11 and KLAt10c12 fatty acid levels were high (p <0.05). Alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n3) 14.482%, linoleic acid (18:2n6c) 4.528%, palmitic acid (16:0) 9.551% and stearic acid (18:0) 29.788% were found to be major fatty acids in alfalfa plants. The alfalfa plant was determined at levels of Ca 8167 mg/kg, P 951 mg/kg, manganese (Mn) 14.16 mg/kg, Zn 4.25 mg/kg and iron (Fe) 143 mg/kg. In this study, a high rate of 18:3n3 fatty acids were detected in the alfalfa plant content. For further studies, we think that this study may be a pioneer in the research on the effects of 18:3n3 fatty acid on CLA metabolism in rumen biohydrogenation of cows. As a result, alfalfa is considered to have positive effects on element and fatty acid levels.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cow Milk
• TMR
• 18:3n3 Fatty Acid
• Rumen Biohydrogenation
• ICP-MS

Laktasyondaki Süt Sığırlarına Yapay Yonca (Medicago sativa L.) Merasında Otlatmanın Süt Mineralleri, KLA ve Yağ Asit Düzeylerine Etkisi

Öz

Ruminant hayvanların beslenmesinde taze yonca kullanımı gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Toplam Rasyon Karışımı (TMR) ile beslenen inekler ile taze yonca ve ticari kesif yem (2.7 Mcal/kg %21 ham proteinli) beslenen ineklerin süt mineral ve yağ asit düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. 24 adet Holstein ineği iki gruba ayrıldı. Birinci grup (TMR Grubu) TMR ile beslendi. TMR içeriği; arpa, ticari kesif yemi, mısır silajı, saman, kuru yonca otundan oluşmaktadır. İkinci grup (Yonca Grubu) ise temel olarak yapay yonca merası ile beslenmesinin yanı sıra arpa ve ticari kesif yemle beslendi. İnek süt örnekleri, yapay yonca merasından toplanan yonca bitkisinin element ve yağ asit düzeyleri, İndüklenmiş Eşleşmiş Plazma Kütle Spektrofotometresi (ICP-MS) ve Gaz Kromatografisi (GC) cihazları kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. TMR Grubu’nun süt kalsiyum (Ca), fosfor (P) ve çinko (Zn) düzeyleri Yonca Grubu’ndaki inek sütlerinden düşük çıktığı tespit edildi. Yonca Grubu’nun süt yağ asitlerinden kaprylik asit (8:0) ve myristik asit (14:0) düzeyleri TMR Grubu’na göre düşük çıkarken; myristoleik asit (14:1), cis-11-eicosenoik asit (20:1n9c), gamma-linolenik asit (18:3n6), cis-8,11,14-eikosatrienoik asit (20:3n6), cis-5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoik asit (20:5n3), KLAc9t11 ve KLAt10c12 yağ asit düzeyleri yüksek çıktığı gözlendi (p<0.05). Yonca bitkisinde majör yağ asidi olarak alfa-linolenik asit (18:3n3) %14.482, linoleik asit (18:2n6c) %4.528, palmitik asit (16:0) %9.551 ve stearik asit (18:0) %29.788 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Yonca bitkisi Ca 8167 mg/kg, P 951 mg/kg, mangan (Mn) 14.16 mg/kg, Zn 4.25 mg/kg ve demir (Fe) 143 mg/kg düzeylerinde belirlendi. Bu çalışmada, yonca bitkisi içeriğinde yüksek oranda 18:3n3 yağ asidi tespiti yapıldı. İleriki çalışmalar için, ineklerin Rumen biyohidrojenasyonunda 18:3n3 yağ asidinin KLA metabolizması üzerine etkilerini konu alacak araştırmalarda, bu araştırmanın öncü olabileceğini düşünmekteyiz. Sonuç olarak, yonca ile beslenen ineklerin element ve yağ asit düzeylerine pozitif yönde etkileri olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İnek sütü
• TMR
• 18:3n3 Yağ Asidi
• Rumen Biohidrojenasyon
• ICP-MS

Kaynakça

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