Oreochromis Cinsinin Türkiye’nin Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi’ndeki Dağılımına İlişkin Notlar

Öz

Tilapialar, üç cins çiklit olan Oreochromis, Sarotherodon ve Coptodon'un ortak adı olan tatlı su türleridir. Bu cinslere ait türlerin çoğu, su ürünleri yetiştiriciliğinde kullanılır. Ana doğal dağılım alanları tropikal ve subtropikal bölgeler olmasına rağmen, yüksek istilacı özelliklerinden dolayı diğer bölgelere yayılmışlardır. Bu çalışma Türkiye'nin Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi'nde Oreochromis cinsinin dağılımını araştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Çalışma, 2014-2017 yılları arasında Adana ve Mersin'de bulunan 18 istasyonda gerçekleştirildi. Bu sistemlere türlerin girişi, ağırlıklı olarak yabancı ot kontrolü, balıkçı transferleri ve su ürünleri tesislerinden kaçış olarak kaydedildi. Fakat Oreochromis cinsinin Türkiye’deki dağılımı ve sucul ekosistemler üzerindeki etkisi halen bilinmemektedir. Sonuçlar, Oreochromis türlerinin çeşitli akış hızlarına, tuzluğa ve sıcaklığa sahip farklı koşullara adapte olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tilapia
• Tatlı su sistemleri
• Doğal
• İstilacı

Notes on the Distribution of the Genus Oreochromis in the East Mediterranean Region of Turkey

Öz

Tilapias are freshwater species which are the common name of three genera of cichlids, Oreochromis, Sarotherodon, and Coptodon. Many of the species belonged to these genera have been used for aquaculture products. Although their main native distribution areas are tropical and subtropical regions, they have spread to other areas due to their high invasive characteristics. This study was aimed to investigate the distribution of genus Oreochromis in the East Mediterranean Region of Turkey. The study was conducted at 18 stations located in Adana and Mersin from 2014 to 2017. The introduction of the species in these systems was mainly recorded weed control, transfers of fisherman, and escape from aquaculture facilities. However, the distribution of genus Oreochromis in Turkey and their effects on the aquatic ecosystems are unknown. The results showed that the species of genus Oreochromis were easily adapted the different conditions such as various flow rates, salinity, and temperature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tilapia
• Freshwater systems
• Native
• Invasive

Kaynakça

1. Altun, T., Tekelioğlu, N., & Danaba, D. (2006). Tilapia culture and its problems in Turkey. Ege University Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences, 23(3-4), 473–478.
2. Beryl, R., Jawahar, T., Roy, A., Singha, J., Boda, S., & Kumar, P. (2019). Dietary influences of oxytetracycline on the growth and serum biomarkers of Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 186, 109752. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109752
3. Benli, A.Ç.K., & Özkul, A. (2010). Acute toxicity and histopathological effects of sublethal fenitrothion on Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 97(1), 32-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2009.12.001
4. Bittencourt, L.S., Silva, U.R.L., Silva, L.M.A., & Traves-Dias, M. (2014). Impact of the invasion from Nile tilapia on natives Cichlidae species in tributary of Amazonas River, Brazil. Biota Amazonia, 4(3), 88-94. https://doi.org/10.18561/2179-5746/biotaamazonia.v4n3p88-94
5. Bwanika, G.N., Chapman, L.J., Kizito, Y., & Balirwa, J. (2006). Cascading effects of introduced Nile perch (Lates niloticus) on the foraging ecology of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Ecology of Freshwater Fish. 15(4), 470-481. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.2006.00185.x
6. Canonico, G., Arthington, A., McCrary, J.K., & Thieme, M.L. (2005). The effects of introduced tilapias on native biodiversity. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 15, 463-483. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.699
7. Carecho, J., Baduy, F., Guerreiro, P.M., Saraiva, J.L., Ribeiro, F., & Verissimo, A. (2018). Taxonomic re-evaluation of the non-native cichlid in Portugese drainages. FISHMED Fishes in Mediterranean Environments. https://doi.org/10.29094/FiSHMED.2018.001
8. Cassemiro, F.A.S., Bailly, D., da Graça, W.J., & Agostinho, A.A. (2018). The invasive potential of Tilapia (Osteichthyes, Cichlidae) in the Americas. Hydrobiologia, 817, 133-154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-017-3471-1

9. Celik, M., & Gökce, M.A. (2003). Determination of fatty acid compositions of five different Tilapia species from the Çukurova (Adana/Turkey) Region. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 27, 75–79. (In Turkish).
10. Chen, M., Liu, S., Yan, F., Zhou, E., Zhong, X., Ding, M., & Ye, J. (2019). Complement 1q-binding protein from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): Molecular characterization, expression pattern upon bacterial infection and its binding properties. Aquaculture. 500, 31–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.09.060
11. Courtenay, W.R., & Williams, J.D. (1992). Dispersal of exotic species from aquaculture sources, with emphasis on freshwater fishes. In Dispersal of Living Organisms into Aquatic Ecosystems, Rosenfield A, Mann R (eds). University of Maryland Sea Grant Program: College Park, MD; 49–81.
12. D'Amato, M.E., Esterhuyse, M.M., Van Der Waal, B.C., Brink, D., & Volckaert, F.A. (2007). Hybridization and phylogeography of the Mozambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus in southern Africa evidenced by mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA genotyping. Conservation Genetics, 8, 475–488. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-006-9186-x
13. Demirayak, F. (2002). Biological diversity-nature conservation and sustainable development. TUBITAK VISION 2023, (in Turkish). Retrieved from https://www.tubitak.gov.tr/tubitak_content_files/vizyon2023/csk/EK-14.pdf
14. Dey, M., Eknath, A.E., Sifa, L., Hussain, M.G., Thien, T.M., Hao, N.V., ….& Pongthana, N. (2000). Performance and nature of genetically improved farmed tilapia: a bioeconomic analysis. Aquaculture Economics and Management, 4, 85–108. https://doi.org/10.1080/13657300009380262
15. Dikel, S., & Celik, M. (1998). Body and nutritional composition of Tilapia (Tilapia sp.) from the Southern Seyhan River. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 22, 517–520. (In Turkish).
16. Dussenne, M., Gennotte, V., Rougeot, C., Mélard, C., & Cornil, C.A. (2020). Consequences of temperature-induced sex reversal on hormones and brain in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Hormones and Behavior, 121, 104728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104728
17. Emiroğlu, Ö. (2011). Alien fish species in upper Sakarya River and their distribution. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10, 16674-16681. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB11.2502
18. Ewel, J.J., O'Dowd, D.J., Bergelson, J., Daehler, C.C., D'Antonio, C.M., Gomez, L.D., ..., & Vitousek, P.M. (1999). Deliberate introductions of species: Research needs - Benefits can be reaped, but risks are high. Bioscience, 49(8), 619-630. https://doi.org/10.2307/1313438
19. FAO. 2018. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2018 - Meeting the sustainable development goals. Rome. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/3/i9540en/i9540en.pdf
20. Ferrari, A. do A., & Hofmann, P.R. (1992). First register of Biomphalaria straminea Dunker, 1848, in Santa Catarina State. Journal of the São Paulo Institute of Tropical Medicine, 34, 33–35. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46651992000100006
21. Ford, A.G.P., Bullen, T.R., Pang, L., Genner, M.J., Bills, R., Flouri, T., ……, & Day, J.J. (2019). Molecular phylogeny of Oreochromis (Cichlidae: Oreochromini) reveals mito-nuclear discordance and multiple colonisation of adverse aquatic environments. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 136, 215-226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2019.04.008
22. Froese, R., & Pauly, D. (2019). Editors FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. Retrieved from www.fishbase.org, version (12/2019).
23. General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works. (2020). The Report in 2018. Retrieved from http://www.dsi.gov.tr/docs/stratejik-plan/dsi-2018-faaliyet
24. Gökce, M.A., Dikel, S., Celik, M., & Taşbozan, O. (2003). Investigation of body compositions of three Tilapia species (Tilapia rendalli (Boulenger, 1896), Tilapia zilli (Gervais, 1848), Oreochromis aureus (Steindachner, 1864)) rared in cage condition in the Seyhan Dam Lake (Adana) (In Turkish with English summary. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 20 (1-2), 9–14.
25. Gültepe, N., Bilen, S., Yılmaz, S., Güroy, D., & Aydın, S. (2014). Effects of herbs and spice on health status of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) challenged with Streptococcus iniae. Acta Veterinaria Brunensis, 83, 125-131. https://doi.org/10.2754/avb201483020000
26. Gürlek, M. (2004). Genetic and morphologic identification of tilapia (Tilapia) species found in Çukurova and Hatay Regions and determination of key characters for species identification (Msc Thesis), University of Mustafa Kemal, Hatay, Turkey.
27. Havel, J.E., Kovalenko, K.E., Thomaz, S.M., Amalfitano, S., & Kats, L.B. (2015). Aquatic invasive species: challenges for the future. Hydrobiologia, 750, 147–170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-014-2166-0
28. Hekimoğlu, M., Sayğı, H., Özden, O., Güleç, F., & Saka, Ş. (2019). Effects of water temperature on sex differentiation and growth parameters of the Mozambique Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). Aquatic Sciences and Engineering, 34, 22–28. https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE2019499991
29. Huang, Y., Zheng, Q., Niu, J., Tang, J., & Wang, B. (2018). NK-lysin from Oreochromis niloticus improves antimicrobial defence against bacterial pathogens. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 72, 259–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2017.11.002
30. Ibrahim, A.T.A. (2020). Toxicological impact of green synthesized silver nanoparticles and protective role of different selenium type on Oreochromis niloticus: hematological and biochemical response. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 61, 126507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126507
31. Innal, D. (2012). Alien fish species in reservoir systems in Turkey: A review. Management of Biological Invasions, 3(2), 115-119. https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2012.3.2.06
32. Innal, D., & Sungur S. (2019). First record of non-indigenous fish Hemichromis letourneuxi (Cichlidae) from Pınarbaşı Creek (Burdur, Turkey). The Journal of Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 10(1), 90-94. https://doi.org/10.29048/makufebed.562523
33. Khan, A.M., Ali, Z., Shelly, S.Y., Ahamd, Z., & Mirza, M.R. (2011). Aliens; A catastrophe for native fresh water fish diversity in Pakistan. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 21(2 Suppl.), 435-440.
34. Kottelat, M., & Freyhof, J. (2007). Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp.
35. Lukas, J.A.Y., Jourdan, J., Kalinkat, G., Emde, S., Miesen, F.W., Jüngling, H., …, & Bierbach, D. (2017). On the occurrence of three non-native cichlid species including the first record of a feral population of Pelmatolapia (Tilapia) mariae (Boulenger, 1899) in Europe. Royal Society Open Science, 4(6), 170160. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170160
36. Maan, M.E., & Sefc, K.M. (2013). Colour variation in cichlid fish: Developmental mechanisms, selective pressures and evolutionary consequences. Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology, 24(6-7), 516-528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcdb.2013.05.003
37. Mert, R., & Cicek, E. (2010). Range expansion of introduced tilapia species (Oreochromis niloticus, L. 1758, Cichlidae) in Turkey. Journal of Animal Veterinary, 9(12), 1753-1756. https://doi.org/10.3923/javaa.2010.1753.1756
38. Mohamed, A.M., & Al-wan, S.M. (2020). Biological aspects of an invasive species of Oreochromis niloticus in the Garmat Ali River, Basrah, Iraq 13, 15–26. IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-1302011526
39. Nico, L.G., Beamish, W.H., & Musikasinthorn, P. (2007). Discovery of the invasive Mayan Cichlid fish Cichlasoma urophthalmus (Günther, 1862) in Thailand, with comments on other introductions and potential impacts. Aquatic Invasions, 2(3), 197-214. https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2007.2.3.7
40. Salzburger, W., & Meyer, A. (2004). The species flocks of East African cichlid fishes: Recent advances in molecular phylogenetics and population genetics. The Science of Nature – Naturwissenschaften, 91(6), 277-290. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-004-0528-6
41. Schofield, P.J., Slone, D.H., Gregoire, D.R., & Loftus, W.F. (2014). Effects of a non-native cichlid fish (African jewelfish, Hemichromis letourneuxi Sauvage 1880) on a simulated Everglades aquatic community. Hydrobiologia, 722, 171-182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-013-1697-0
42. Tarkan, A.S. (2013). Introduction pathways, impacts and protection measures of non-native freshwater fishes in Turkey and the World. Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences, 28(1), 63-104.
43. Tarkan, A.S., Marr, S.M., & Ekmekçi, F.G. (2015). Non-native and translocated freshwater fish species in Turkey. Fishery Mediterranean Network, 003: 28p.
44. Turkish Statistical Institute. (2020). Retrieved from http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1005
45. Vasconcelos, F.R., Menezes, R.F., & Attayde, J.L. (2018). Effects of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) on the plankton community of a tropical reservoir during and after an algal bloom. Hydrobiologia, 817, 393-401. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-018-3591-2
46. Walton, W.E., Henke, J.A., & Why, A.M. (2012). A handbook of global freshwater invasive species, In: Robert A. Francis, editor, Gambusia affinis (Baird & Girard) and Gambusia holbrooki Girard (mosquitofish), Chapter: 22, New York: Earthscan, 261-272.
47. Welcomme, R.L. (1988). International introductions of inland aquatic species. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No. 294, p. 318 Rome, Italy: FAO.
48. Wu, L., Bian, X., Kong, L., Yin, X., Mu, L., Wu, S., …., & Ye, J. (2019). B cell receptor accessory molecule CD79 gets involved in response against Streptococcus agalactiae infection and BCR signaling in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 87, 212–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2019.01.012
49. Yılmaz, S., Ergün, S., & Soytaş, N. (2013). Dietary supplementation of cumin (Cuminum cyminum) preventing streptococcal disease during first-feeding of Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). Journal of BioScience and Biotechnology, 2(2), 117-124.
50. Yilmaz, F. (2009). The comparison of heavy metal concentrations (Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn) in tissues of three economically important fish (Anguilla anguilla, Mugil cephalus and Oreochromis niloticus) inhabiting Koycegiz Lake-Mugla (Turkey). Turkish Journal of Science and Technology, 4(1), 7-15.
51. Yilmaz, S., Ergün, S., Kaya, H., & Gürkan, M. (2014). Influence of Tribulus terrestris extract on the survival and histopathology of Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852) fry before and after Streptococcus iniae infection. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 30(5), 994-1000. https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.12458
52. Yildirim, M.Z., Karasu Benli, A. C., Selvi, M., Özkul, A., Erkoç, F.,& Koçak, O. (2006). Acute toxicity, behavioral changes, and histopathological effects of deltamethrin on tissues (gills, liver, brain, spleen, kidney, muscle, skin) of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) fingerlings. Environmental Toxicology, 21, 614-620. https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.20225
53. Yin, X., Mu, L., Bian, X., Wu, L., Li, B., Liu, J., …, & Ye, J. (2018). Expression and functional characterization of transferrin in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in response to bacterial infection. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 74, 530-539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2018.01.023
54. Zworykin, D.D. & Pashkov, A.N. (2010). Eight-striped Cichlasoma—an allochthonous species of Cichlid fish (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from Staraya Kuban Lake. Russian Journal of Biological Invasions, 1, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1134/S2075111710010017
55. Martin, C.W., Valentine, M.M., & Valentine, J.F. (2010). Competitive interactions between invasive Nile Tilapia and native fish: The Potential for altered trophic exchange and modification of food webs. PLoS One, 5(12), e14395. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0014395