Besiyeri Bileşiminin Çayır Salkımotunda (Poa pratensis L. cv. Evora) in vitro Tohum Çimlenmesi ve Bitki Gelişimi Üzerindeki Etkisi

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Poa pratensis cv. Evora’da De Greef & Jacobs (DG), Linsmaier & Skoog (LS), Murashige & Skoog (MS) ve Schenk & Hildebrandt (SH) besiyerlerinin tohum çimlenmesi ve bitki gelişimi üzerindeki etkileri test edilmiştir. En yüksek çimlenme oranı (%83±2.74) SH ortamında bulunurken, LS ortamı en düşük (%46±4.18) çimlenme oranını vermiştir. Ortalama yaprak sayıları SH (2.10±0.27) ve DG (2.12±0.18) ortamlarından istatistiksel olarak aynı kaydedilmiştir. Ortalama yaprak uzunlukları SH ve DG ortamlarında sırasıyla 4.28±0.28 cm ve 4.16±0.31 cm olarak ölçülmüştür. Maksimum ortalama kök sayısı (3.09±0.26) SH ortamından elde edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, en düşük ortalama kök sayısı (1.84±0.10) LS ortamında kaydedilmiştir. En uzun kökler (1.43±0.19 cm) SH ortamında yetiştirilen bitkilerde gözlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte, DG ortamı minimum ortalama kök uzunluğunu (0.81±0.08 cm) vermiştir. Sonuç olarak, biyokütle üretimini artırmak için bu tür üzerinde yapılan in vitro doku kültürü çalışmalarında test edilen diğer besiyerlerine kıyasla SH besiyeri tercih edilmelidir. SH ortamının P. pratensis'in in vitro gelişimindeki etkinliği büyüme destekleyicileri kullanılarak artırılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Makroelementler
• Mikroelementler
• Doku kültürü
• Vitaminler
• Çim

Effect of Medium Composition on in vitro Seed Germination and Plant Development in Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis L. cv. Evora)

Öz

In the current study, the effects of De Greef & Jacobs (DG), Linsmaier & Skoog (LS), Murashige & Skoog (MS), and Schenk & Hildebrandt (SH) media were tested on seed germination and plant development in Poa pratensis cv. Evora. The highest germination rate (83±2.74%) was found on SH medium, whereas LS medium gave the lowest (46±4.18%) germination rate. The statistically same leaf numbers were recorded from SH (2.10±0.27) and DG (2.12±0.18) media. SH and DG media gave 4.28±0.28 cm and 4.16±0.31 cm mean leaf lengths, respectively. SH medium gave the maximum mean root number (3.09±0.26). However, the LS medium gave the lowest mean root number (1.84±0.10). The longest roots (1.43±0.19 cm) were observed in the plants grown in SH medium. However, DG medium had the minimum mean root length (0.81±0.08 cm). In conclusion, SH medium should be preferred over the other medium tested in in vitro tissue culture studies on the species to increase the biomass production yield. The efficacy of SH medium in the in vitro propagation of P. pratensis could be increased using growth promoters.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Macroelements
• Microelements
• Tissue culture
• Turfgrass
• Vitamins

Teşekkür

The author would like to thank Duhan Tırlı and Serdar Yıldız for their help with the inoculation process of the cultures used in this paper.

Kaynakça

1. Acemi, A., & Özen, F. (2019). Optimization of in vitro asymbiotic seed germination protocol for Serapias vomeracea. The EuroBiotech Journal, 3(3), 143-151. https://doi.org/10.2478/ebtj-2019-0017
2. Acemi, A., Bayrak, B., Çakır, M., Demiryürek, E., Gün, E., El Gueddari, N. E., & Özen, F. (2018). Comparative analysis of the effects of chitosan and common plant growth regulators on in vitro propagation of Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth from nodal explants. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant, 54(5), 537–544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-018-9915-0
3. Ahn, I., Kim, S., & Lee, Y. (2005). Vitamin B1 functions as an activator of plant disease resistance. Plant Physiology, 138(3), 1505–1515. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.104.058693
4. Akdeniz, H., Hosaflıoğlu, İ., & Keskin, B. (2018). Impact of different sowing rates and cutting times on quality properties of Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis L. cv. Geronimo). Iğdır University Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 8(1), 301-308. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.407889
5. Ali, R.M. (2002). Effect of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide on growth and content of oil, glycerol and ricinine alkaloids of salinity stressed Ricinus communis L. Phyton (Horn, Austria), 42(2), 269–277.
6. Benvenuti, S., & Mazzoncini, M. (2018). Soil physics involvement in the germination ecology of buried weed seeds. Plants, 8(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8010007
7. Borawska-Jarmułowicz, B., Mastalerczuk, G., Gozdowski, D., Małuszyńska, E., & Szydłowska, A. (2017). The sensitivity of Lolium perenne and Poa pratensis to salinity and drought during the seed germination and under different photoperiod conditions. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture, 104(1), 71–78. https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2017.104.010
8. Bush, T. (2002). USDA NRCS Plant Fact Sheet - Kentucky Bluegrass Poa pratensis L. Retrieved from https://plants.usda.gov/factsheet/pdf/fs_popr.pdf

9. Casler, M.D. (2006). Perennial grasses for turf, sport and amenity uses: Evolution of form, function and fitness for human benefit. Journal of Agricultural Science, 144(3), 189–203. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859606006137
10. Chen, H., & Xiong, L. (2005). Pyridoxine is required for post-embryonic root development and tolerance to osmotic and oxidative stresses. The Plant Journal, 44(3), 396–408. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313x.2005.02538.x
11. Colinas, M., Eisenhut, M., Tohge, T., Pesquera, M., Fernie, A.R., Weber, A.P., & Fitzpatrick, T.B. (2016). Balancing of B6 vitamers is essential for plant development and metabolism in Arabidopsis. The Plant Cell, 28(2), 439–453. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.15.01033
12. De Greef, W., & Jacobs, M. (1979). In vitro culture of the sugarbeet: Description of a cell line with high regeneration capacity. Plant Science Letters, 17(1), 55–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4211(79)90109-3
13. Ervin, E.H., Reams, N., Zhang, X., Boyd, A., & Askew, S. (2017). An integrated nutritional and chemical approach to Poa annua suppression in creeping Bentgrass Greens. Crop Science, 57(2), 567–572. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2016.05.0308
14. Esmaeili, S., Salehi, H., & Khosh-Khui, M. (2018). Direct and indirect in vitro plant regeneration of two commercial cultivars of perennial ryegrass. Advances in Horticultural Science, 32(2), 273–280. https://doi.org/10.13128/ahs-20654
15. Giolo, M., Dalla Montà, A., Barolo, E., Ferrari, F., Masin, R., & Macolino, S. (2017). High-temperature effects on seed germination of fourteen Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) cultivars. Agronomy Research, 15(1), 123–132.
16. Hsu, Y.Y., Chao, Y., & Kao, C.H. (2013). Cobalt chloride-induced lateral root formation in rice: The role of heme oxygenase. Journal of Plant Physiology, 170(12), 1075–1081. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2013.03.004
17. Hussein, M.M., Faham, S.Y., & Alva, A.K. (2014). Role of foliar application of nicotinic acid and tryptophan on onion plants response to salinity stress. Journal of Agricultural Science, 6(8), 41-51. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v6n8p41
18. Kaiser, B.N., Gridley, K.L., Ngaire Brady, J., Phillips, T., & Tyerman, S.D. (2005). The role of molybdenum in agricultural plant production. Annals of Botany, 96(5), 745–754. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mci226
19. Linsmaier, E.M., & Skoog, F. (1965). Organic growth factor requirements of tobacco tissue cultures. Physiologia Plantarum, 18(1), 100–127. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1965.tb06874.x
20. Loewus, F.A., & Murthy, P.P. (2000). Myo-inositol metabolism in plants. Plant Science, 150(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9452(99)00150-8
21. Luo, Y., Qin, G., Zhang, J., Liang, Y., Song, Y., Zhao, ……,& Qu, L. (2011). D-myo-Inositol-3-Phosphate affects phosphatidylinositol-mediated endomembrane function in Arabidopsis and is essential for auxin-regulated embryogenesis. The Plant Cell, 23(4), 1352–1372. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.111.083337
22. Murashige, T., & Skoog, F. (1962). A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiologia Plantarum, 15(3), 473–497. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1962.tb08052.x
23. Pill, W.G., & Korengel, T.K. (1997). Seed priming advances the germination of Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.). Journal of Turfgrass Management, 2(1), 27–43. https://doi.org/10.1300/j099v02n01_03
24. Pizzeghello, D., Schiavon, M., Maretto, L., Stevanato, P., Ertani, A., Altissimo, A., & Nardi, S. (2019). Short-term application of polymer-coated mono-ammonium phosphate in a calcareous soil affects the pools of available phosphorus and the growth of Hypericum × moserianum (L.). Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 3. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2019.00004
25. Schenk, R.U., & Hildebrandt, A.C. (1972). Medium and techniques for induction and growth of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plant cell cultures. Canadian Journal of Botany, 50(1), 199–204. https://doi.org/10.1139/b72-026
26. Toma, R.S., Danial, G.N., & Habash, A.H. (2012). In vitro morphogenetic response of Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) and pear (Pyrus communis L.) to the elevated levels of copper and myo-inositol. Acta Agrobotanica, 65(3), 43–48. https://doi.org/10.5586/aa.2012.005
27. Ueno, D., Rombolà, A.D., Iwashita, T., Nomoto, K., & Ma, J.F. (2007). Identification of two novel phytosiderophores secreted by perennial grasses. New Phytologist, 174(2), 304–310. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02056.x
28. Vanderschuren, H., Boycheva, S., Li, K., Szydlowski, N., Gruissem, W., & Fitzpatrick, T.B. (2013). Strategies for vitamin B6 biofortification of plants: A dual role as a micronutrient and a stress protectant. Frontiers in Plant Science, 4. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2013.00143
29. Walker, K.S., Bigelow, C.A., Smith, D.R., Van Scoyoc, G.E., & Reicher, Z.J. (2007). Aboveground responses of cool-season lawn species to nitrogen rates and application timings. Crop Science, 47(3), 1225–1236. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2006.09.0595