A New Record of Reduced Chromosome Number in Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera)

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 86 - 89, 30.06.2023

Dirim Şendoğan

https://doi.org/10.31594/commagene.1296294

Öz

The karyological features of Akis subtricostata was determined for the first time with conventional and silver nitrate staining. The diploid number 2n=16 and meioformula 7+neoXY represents a deviation from the modal karyotype of Coleoptera. The pericentromeric heterochromatin was detected with both Giemsa and silver nitrate staining. In addition to determining a single possible NOR on prophase I nuclei, AgNO3 revealed that several telomeric regions of mitotic metaphase chromosomes were slightly more argyrophilic.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Karyotype, NOR, neoXY, Akis subtricostata, heterochromatin

Tenebrionidae’de (Coleoptera) İndirgenmiş Kromozom Sayısına Yeni Bir Kayıt

Öz

Akis subtricostata'nın karyolojik özellikleri geleneksel ve gümüş nitrat boyama ile ilk kez belirlenmiştir. 2n=16 diploid sayısı ve 7+neoXY formülü, Coleoptera takımının model karyotipinden bir sapma temsil etmektedir. Perisentromerik heterokromatin hem Giemsa hem de gümüş nitrat boyamaları saptanmıştır. Profaz I nukleuslarında olası tek bir NOR belirlemenin yanı sıra, AgNO3 birkaç mitotik metafaz kromozomunun telomerik bölgelerinin biraz daha arjirofilik olduğunu ortaya çıkartmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Karyotip, NOR, neoXY, Akis subtricostata, heterokromatin

Kaynakça

• Blackmon, H., & Demuth, J.P. (2015) Coleoptera Karyotype Database. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 69(1), 174-175.
• Bione, E., Camparoto, M. L., & Simões, Z. L. P. (2005). A study of the constitutive heterochromatin and nucleolus organizer regions of Isocopris inhiata and Diabroctis mimas (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) using C-banding, AgNO3 staining and FISH techniques. Genetics and Molecular Biology, 28, 111–116. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1415-47572005000100019
• Bouchard, P., Lawrence, J.F., Davies, A.E., & Newton, A.F. (2005). Synoptic Classification of the World Tenebrionidae (Insecta : Coleoptera) With a Review of Family-Group Names. Annales Zoologici, 55(4), 499–530.
• Cabral-de-Mello, D.C., Oliveira, S.G., Ramos, I.C.G. and Moura, R.C. (2008). Chromosome differentiation patterns in Scarabaeinae subfamily (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Micron, 39, 1243-1250
• Carrara, R. & Flores, G.E. (2012). Endemic tenebrionids (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) from the Patagonian steppe: a preliminary identification of areas of micro-endemism and richness hotspots. Entomological Science, 16, 100–111.
• Chandley, A.C., Speed, R.M. & Ma, K. (1994). Meiotic Chromosome Preparation. In: Gosden, J.R. (ed) Chromosome Analysis Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology™, vol 29. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/0-89603-289-2:27
• Colomba, M., Vitturi, R., Libertini, A., Gregorini, A., & Zunino, M. (2006). Heterochromatin of the scarab beetle, Bubas bison (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) II. Evidence for AT-rich compartmentalization and a high amount of rDNA copies. Micron, 37, 47–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micron.2005.06.004
• Condamine, F.L., Soldati, L., Clamens, A.L., Rasplus, J.Y. & Kergoat, G.J. (2013). Diversification patterns and processes of wingless endemic insects in the Mediterranean Basin: historical biogeography of the genus Blaps (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Journal of Biogeography, 40, 1899–1913.
• Çalışan, U., & Alpagut-Keskin, N. (2023). Cytogenetic analysis on Turkonalassus quercanus Keskin, Nabozhenko et Alpagut-Keskin, 2017 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Helopini). Caucasian Entomological Bulletin, 19(1), 15–21. https://doi.org/10.23885/181433262023191-1521
• Dutrillaux, A.M., Xie, H., & Dutrillaux, B. (2007). Nucleolus and chromosome relationships at pachynema in four Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) species with various combinations of NOR and sex chromosomes. Chromosome Research, 15, 417–427. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10577-007-1133-2
• Dutrillaux, A.M., & Dutrillaux, B. (2009). Chromosome polymorphism and fanconi-like instability in the scarabaeid beetle Macraspis tristis from guadeloupe. Cytogenetic and Genome Research, 125, 142–148. https://doi.org/10.1159/000227839
• Dutrillaux, A.M., Moulin, S., & Dutrillaux, B. (2006). Use of meiotic pachytene stage of spermatocytes for karyotypic studies in insects. Chromosome Research, 14, 549–557. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10577-006-1052-7
• Fattorini, S. (2000). Dispersal, vicariance and refuges in the Anatolian Pimeliinae (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae): remarks on some biogeographical tenets. Biogeographia, XXI(December), 355–398. https://doi.org/10.21426/B6110103
• Fattorini, S. (2013) Tenebrionid beetle distributional patterns in Italy: multiple colonisation trajectories in a biogeographical crossroad. Insect Conservation and Diversity, 7, 144-160. https://doi.org/10.1111/icad.12042 Fattorini, S. & Ulrich, W. (2012). Drivers of species richness in European Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera). Acta Oecologica, 43, 22–28. https://doi:10.1016/j.actao.2012.05.003
• Iwan, D. & Löbl, I. (2020). Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Vol. 5, Tenebrionoidea, Revised and Updated Second Edition. Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 945p.
• Jordan, J. (1987). At the heart of the nucleolus. Nature, 329, 489-490.
• Juan, C., & Petitpierre, E. (1991). Chromosome numbers and sex determining systems in Tenebrionidae. Advances in Coleopterolgy, 167–176.
• Juan, C., Oromi, P., & Hewitt, G.M. (1995). Mitochondrial DNA phylogeny and sequential colonization of Canary Islands by darkling beetles of the genus Pimelia (Tenebrionidae). Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 261(1361), 173–180.
• Juan, C., Ibrahim, K.M., Oromi, P., & Hewitt, G.M. (1996a). Mitochondrial DNA sequence variation and phylogeography of Pimelia darkling beetles on the island of Tenerife (Canary Islands). Heredity, 77, 589–598. https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1996.186
• Juan, C., Oromi, P. & Hewitt, G.M. (1996b) Phylogeny of the genus Hegeter (Tenebrionidae, Coleoptera) and its colonization of the Canary Islands deduced from cytochrome oxidase I mitochondrial DNA sequences. Heredity, 76, 392–403.
• Karagyan, G., Lachowska, D., & Kalashian, M. (2012). Karyotype analysis of four jewel-beetle species (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) detected by standard staining, C-banding, AgNOR-banding and CMA3/DAPI staining. Comparative Cytogenetics, 6(2), 183–197. https://doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v6i2.2950
• Kavalco, K. F., & Pazza, R. (2004). A rapid alternative technique for obtaining silver-positive patterns in chromosomes. Genetics and Molecular Biology, 27(2), 196–198.
• Kergoat, G.J., Soldati, L., Clamens, A.L., Jourdan, H., Jabbour-Zahab, R., Genson, G., Bouchard, P., & Condamine, F.L. (2014). Higher level molecular phylogeny of darkling beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Systematic Entomology, 39(3), 486–499. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12065
• Keskin, B., & Yağmur, E.A. (2008). A new record for the Tenebrionidae fauna of Turkey: Akis subtricostata Redtenbacher, 1850 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Zoology in the Middle East, 43, 113–114. https://doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2008.10638278
• Lachowska, D., Roz, M., & Holecova, M. (2005). C-banding karyotype and NORs analyse in eight species of Bary- peithes Duval from Central Europe (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae). Caryologia, 58(3), 274–280.
• Lamb, T. & Bond, J.E. (2013). A multilocus perspective on phylogenetic relationships in the Namib darkling beetle genus Onymacris (Tenebrionidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 66,757–765.
• Lillig, M., Barthet, H.B., & Mifsud, D. (2012). An identification and informative guide to the Tenebrionidae of Malta (Coleoptera). Bulletin of the Entomological Society of Malta, 5, 121–160.
• Lira-Neto, A.C., Silva, G.M., Moura, R.C., & Souza, M.J. (2012). Cytogenetics of the darkling beetles Zophobas aff. confusus and Nyctobates gigas (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae). Genetics and Molecular Research, 11(3), 2432–2440. https://doi.org/10.4238/2012.June.15.5
• Los Santos, A., Gomez-Gonzalez, L.A., Alonso, C., Arbelo, C.D. & Nicolas, J.P. (2000). Adaptive trends of darkling beetles (Col. Tenebrionidae) on environmental gradients on the island of Tenerife. Journal of Arid Environment, 45, 85–98.
• Medina, F.J., Risueno, M.C., Sanchez-Pina, M.A., Fernandez-Gomez, M.E. (1983). A study of nucleolar silver staining in plant cells. The role of argyrophilic proteins in nucleolar physiology. Chromosoma, 88, 149-155.
• Mckenna, D. & Farrell B.D. (2009). Beetles (Coleoptera), The Timetree of Life. In: S.B. Hedges and S. Kumar (ed). Oxford University Press, New York, NY, 278–289.
• Murakami, A. & Imai, H. (1974) Cytological evidence for holocentric chromosomes of the silkworms, Bombyx mori and B. mandarina, (Bombycidae, Lepidoptera). Chromosoma, 47, 167-178.
• Papadopoulou, A., Anastasiou, I., Keskin, B., & Vogler, A.P. (2009). Comparative phylogeography of tenebrionid beetles in the Aegean archipelago: The effect of dispersal ability and habitat preference. Molecular Ecology, 18(11), 2503–2517. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04207.x
• Papadopoulou, A., Anastasiou, I., & Vogler, A.P. (2010). Revisiting the Insect Mitochondrial Molecular Clock : The Mid-Aegean Trench Calibration. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 27(7), 1659–1672. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msq051
• Patkin, E.L. & Sorokin, A.V. (1984) Nucleolus-Organizing Regions Chromosomes in Early Embryogenesis of Laboratory Mice. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine (USSR), 96, 92-94 p.
• Petitpierre, E., Juan, C., & Alvarez-Fuster, A. (1991). Evolution of chromosomes and genome size in Chrysomelidae an Tenebrionidae. Advances in Coleopterolgy, 129–144.
• Petitpierre, E. (1996). Molecular cytogenetics and taxonomy of insects, with particular reference to the Coleoptera. International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology, 25(1–2), 115–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7322(95)00024-0
• Pons, J. (2004). Evolution of diploid chromosome number, sex-determining systems, and heterochromatin in Western Mediterranean and Canarian species of the genus Pimelia (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 42, 81–85. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0469.2003.00247.x
• Pons, J., Bruvo, B., Petitpierre, E., Plohl, M., Ugarkovic, D., & Juan, C. (2004). Complex structural features of satellite DNA sequences in the genus Pimelia (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae): Random differential amplification from a common “satellite DNA library.” Heredity, 92(5), 418–427. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.hdy.6800436
• Rasband, W.S. (1997-2015). ImageJ, U.S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA, http://imagej.nih.gov/ij/
• Rees, D.J., Emerson, B.C., Oromi, P. & Hewitt, G.M. (2001). The diversification of the genus Nesotes (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in the Canary Islands: evidence from mtDNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 21, 321–326.
• Rozek, M. (1998). C. bands and NORs on chromosomes in four species of the genus Trechus Clairv. (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Caryologia, 51, 189–194.
• Sakamoto, Y. & Zacaro, A.A. (2009) LEVAN, an ImajeJ plugin for morphological cytogenetic analysis of mitotic and meiotic chromosomes, Initial version, An open source Java plugin distributed over the Internet from http://rsbweb.nih.gov/ij/
• Schneider, M. C., Almeida, M. C., Rosa, S. P., Costa, C., & Cella, D. M. (2006). Evolutionary chromosomal differentiation among four species of Conoderus Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Agrypninae, Conoderini) detected by standard staining, C-banding, silver nitrate impregnation, and CMA 3/DA/DAPI staining. Genetica, 128, 333–346. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-006-7101-5
• Slipinski, S.A., Leschen, R.A.B. & Lawrence J.F. (2011). Order Coleoptera Linnaeus, 1758, Animal Biodiversity: an Outline of Higher-Level Classification and Survey of Taxonomic Richness. In: Z.-Q. Zhang (ed). Zootaxa, 3148, 203–208.
• Smith, S.G. & Virkki, N. (1978). Animal Cytogenetics, Coleoptera. Berlin, Gebruder Borntraeger.
• Şendoğan, D., & Alpagut-Keskin, N. (2016). Karyotype and sex chromosome differentiation in two Nalassus species (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae). Comparative Cytogenetics, 10(3), 371–385. https://doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v10i3.9504
• Şendoğan, D., Gündoğan, B., Nabozhenko, M.V., Keskin, B., & Alpagut Keskin, N. (2019). Cytogenetics of Accanthopus velikensis (Piller et Mitterpacher, 1783) (Tenebrionidae: Helopini). Caryologia, 72(3), 97–103. https://doi.org/10.13128/caryologia-771
• Tezcan, S., Keskin, B. & Anlaş, S. (2012). Notes on the Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera) Fauna Collected by Hibernation Trap-Bands and Pitfall Traps in Bozdağlar Mountain, Western Turkey. Munis Entomology & Zoology, 7(1), 583–591.
• Vitturi, R., Colomba, M.S., Barbieri, R., & Zunino, M. (1999). Ribosomal DNA location in the scarab beetle Thorectes intermedius (Costa) (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) using banding and fluorescent in-situ hybridization. Chromosome Research, 7(1), 255–260. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009270613012