Araştırma Makalesi
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Sessizlik ve Direniş: Tahmineh Milani'nin İki Kadın filminde bir kadının temsili

Yıl 2026, Sayı: 31, 62 - 72, 12.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.32952/communicata.1817590
https://izlik.org/JA23PZ29XW

Öz

İran sinemasında kadın temsili, tarihsel olarak ataerkil ideolojileri pekiştiren kültürel, dini ve politik söylemler tarafından sınırlandırılmıştır. Ancak kadın yönetmenler, kadın özneliklerini, eyleme güçlerini ve sosyo-politik bilinçlerini öne çıkaran alternatif anlatılar geliştirerek bu sınırlamalara sürekli olarak meydan okumuşlardır. Bu yönetmenler arasında Tahmineh Milani, toplumsal cinsiyet politikaları ve sosyal eleştiriyle cesurca hesaplaşmasıyla öne çıkan önemli bir figürdür. Milani’nin eserleri, ataerkil normlara meydan okurken kadın öznesini ve toplumsal direnişi vurgular. Göstergebilimsel bir yaklaşımla yapılan analiz, *İki Kadın* filminde mekân, sessizlik, kapatılma ve başkaldırı unsurlarının taşıdığı sembolik anlamları çözümlemektedir. Fereshteh ve Roya’nın karşıt yaşamları, kadınların kültürel ve ailevi beklentilerle bastırılan seslerini, aynı zamanda onların gizli direniş eylemlerinin kadın öznesinin yükselen bir farkındalığını nasıl temsil ettiğini ortaya koyar. Çalışma, Milani’nin feminist bakış açısını kadınların özerklik ve tanınma mücadelesinin hâlen sürdüğü İran toplumu bağlamında konumlandırmaktadır. Göstergebilimsel eleştiri ile feminist kuramı birleştiren bu araştırma, *İki Kadın* filminin yalnızca bireysel bir direnişi değil, aynı zamanda toplumsal dönüşüme yönelik kolektif bir özlemi de yansıttığını savunur. Sonuç olarak Milani’nin sineması, İranlı kadınların kendi kaderlerini yeniden şekillendiren bilinçli, eleştirel ve etkin özneler olarak temsil edildiği özgürleştirici bir görsel dil kurar. Bu çalışma, Milani’nin ataerkil ideolojiye meydan okuyan ve kadın öznesine sinemasal bir ses kazandıran feminist bir görsel dil inşasını nasıl gerçekleştirdiğini incelemektedir. Araştırma, Milani’nin yapıtlarını İranlı kadınların toplumsal rolleri, varlıkları ve deneyimlerini anlamak için bir mercek olarak ele almakta; mekân, sessizlik, kapatılma ve başkaldırı gibi sinemasal öğelerin, devrim sonrası İran toplumunda cinsiyet, iktidar ve özerklik temalarını nasıl ifade ettiğini göstermeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Teşekkür

Bu alandaki yardımları ve değerli rehberliği için danışmanım Dr. Habibe Öngören’e en içten teşekkürlerimi sunarım.

Kaynakça

  • Abdulkhani, L., & Nesrabadi, M. (2011). Baznemayie negshe zenan der sinema: Siyasetgozarihaye ferhengi der sinemaye gebl ve pes ez engelabe Eslami [Representation of women's roles in cinema: Cultural policies in cinema before and after the Islamic Revolution]. Zen ve Ferheng Journal, 3(10), 87–96.
  • Amouei, E. (2007, March 7). Taghir naghsh-e jensiyati-ye zanan dar 6 film-e Irani [Changing the gender roles of women in six Iranian films] Nafeh, (37).
  • Aytekin, M. (2019). Devrim sonrası İran sinemasında kadın: Behram Beyzayi filmlerinde kadının temsili [Master’s thesis, Akdeniz University]. YÖK National Thesis Center
  • Basabi, M. (2006). Tasvir-e zan dar rasaneh-haye jam‘i-ye Iran: Motale‘e-ye nazari hamrah ba tahqiqi piramun filmhaye Masoud Kimiai [Portrait of women in Iranian mass media: A theoretical study with research on the films of Masoud Kimiai] (Master’s thesis, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch).
  • Beytoote. (2025). Tahmina Milani. http://www.beytoote.com/art/artist/picture3-election2-photos.html Accessed: October 29, 2025
  • Bourdieu, P. (2014). Eril tahakküm (B. Yılmaz, Trans). Bağlam Yayıncılık.
  • Çakıcı, Z., & Meriç, E. (2023). Color, class, and gender: The social construction of women and beyond in Asghar Farhadi cinema. Gumushane University e-Journal of Communication Faculty, 11(1), 591–621. https://doi.org/10.19145/e-gifder.1190696
  • Delaviz, H. (2004). Gozareshi ejmali az asar-e Tahmineh Milani [A brief report on the works of Tahmineh Milani]. http://www.ensani.ir/fa/content/111917/default.aspx Accessed: March 20, 2025
  • Ekhlagi, A. R. (2001). Do zen, do zendegi, yek film. In H. Mezrehe (Ed.), Fereshtehaye sukhte (Negd ve Berresiye Sinemaye Tahmineh Milani). (pp. 254–258). Neshre Vercavend.
  • Ghorbankarimi, M. (2015). A colourful presence: The evolution of women's representation in Iranian cinema. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
  • Johnston, C. (1973). Women’s cinema as counter-cinema. In E. Ann Kaplan (Ed.), Feminism and Film (pp. 208-219). Oxford University Press.
  • Karımı, P. (2024). Unveiling gender dynamics: A critical analysis of Iranian cinema. Korkut Ata Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, (14), 1489–1504. https://doi.org/10.51531/korkutataturkiyat.1429290
  • Mazrae, H. (2002). Burnt angels: Criticism and review of Tahmineh Milani’s cinema. Varjavand Publishing.
  • Mezrehe, H. (2001). Fereshtehaye sukhte (Negd ve Berresiye sinemaye Tahmineh Milani). Neshre Vercavend Publishing.
  • Mirfakharai, M., & Ranjbar, T. (2013). A study of gender equality themes in Tahmineh Milani's films. Communication Culture, 3(10), 59–80. https://sid.ir/paper/509582/fa
  • Mottahedeh, N. (2004). “Life is color!” Towards a transnational feminist analysis of Mohsen Makhmalbaf’s Gabbeh. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 30(1), 1403–1426.
  • Mozaffari, A., & Matin, F. (2009). Tahlil-e mohtava-ye film-e “Do Zan” be kargardani-ye Tahmineh Milani ba ruykard be zan [A content analysis of Two Women directed by Tahmineh Milani with a gender approach]. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(2), 139–164. https://sid.ir/paper/177027/fa
  • Naficy, H. (2012). A social history of Iranian cinema: The globalizing era, 1984–2010 (Vol. 4). Duke University Press. Özkan, H. (2021). Representation and social status of women in Iranian cinema: An analysis of Tahmineh Milani's films. Journal of Media and Religion Studies, 4(1), 105–120. https://doi.org/10.47951/mediad.936483
  • Paidar, P. (1995). Women and the political process in twentieth-century Iran. Cambridge University Press.
  • Rastegar, Y., & Aghababai, E. (2014). Khanesh-e nasli-ye zanan az film-e sinemayi-ye “Do Zan”[Generational reading of women from the film Two Women]. Journal of Women in Culture and Art, 7(3), 189–210. https://doi.org/10.22059/jwica.2014.54512
  • Sert, Ö., & Oguz, S. (2024). Women, film and politics in the Islamic Republic of Iran 1979–2005: A perspective from learning from experience and performance theory. Universal Journal of History and Culture, 6(1), 79–100. https://doi.org/10.52613/ujhc.1390962
  • Shafiei, N., & Ramazani, H. (2025). The transformation of social harm representation of women in Iranian cinema of the 2010s. Journal of Society Culture Media, 14(55), 77–111. https://doi.org/10.22034/SCM.2025.526793.1883
  • Taheri, N. (2007). Barrasi-ye chegune baznamayi-ye zanan dar sinemaye ba‘d az enghelab ba ruykard-e feministi [An examination of the representation of women in post-revolutionary Iranian cinema: A feminist approach with a case study of the films Shokran and Donya] [Master’s thesis Allameh Tabataba'i University].
  • Tapper, R. (2002). The new Iranian cinema: Politics, representation and identity. Tauris Publishing. Zeydabadi-Nejad, S. (2009). The politics of Iranian cinema: Film and society in the Islamic Republic. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203868478

Silence and Resistance: Representation of a woman in Tahmineh Milani’s Two Women movie

Yıl 2026, Sayı: 31, 62 - 72, 12.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.32952/communicata.1817590
https://izlik.org/JA23PZ29XW

Öz

In Iranian cinema, the representation of women has historically been constrained by cultural, religious, and political discourses that reinforce patriarchal ideologies. Nevertheless, female filmmakers have persistently contested these limitations by articulating alternative narratives that foreground women’s subjectivity, agency, and socio-political consciousness. Among these filmmakers, Tahmineh Milani occupies a prominent position for her audacious engagement with gender politics and social critique. Her works consistently challenge patriarchal norms, emphasizing female subjectivity and social resistance. Using a semiotic approach, the analysis decodes the symbolic meanings of space, silence, confinement, and rebellion that structure Two Women. The contrasting lives of Fereshteh and Roya reveal the ways in which women’s voices are suppressed by cultural and familial expectations, while their subtle acts of defiance signify emerging forms of female agency. The study also situates Milani’s feminist perspective within the broader context of Iranian society, where women face ongoing struggles for autonomy and recognition. By combining semiotic critique with feminist theory, this article argues that Two Women not only portrays individual resistance but also reflects a collective yearning for social transformation. Ultimately, Milani’s cinema constructs a visual language of liberation one that redefines the image of Iranian women as conscious, critical, and active participants in reshaping their own destinies. The research aims to uncover how Milani constructs a feminist visual language that challenges patriarchal ideology and gives cinematic voice to women’s subjectivity and resistance. This research, Milani’s work as a lens through which to understand Iranian women’s presence, social roles, and lived experiences. The study applies a semiotic-feminist approach to examine how cinematic elements such as space, silence, confinement, and rebellion express underlying meanings of gender, power, and autonomy within post-revolutionary Iranian society.

Teşekkür

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Habibe Öngören, for her invaluable guidance and support throughout this research.

Kaynakça

  • Abdulkhani, L., & Nesrabadi, M. (2011). Baznemayie negshe zenan der sinema: Siyasetgozarihaye ferhengi der sinemaye gebl ve pes ez engelabe Eslami [Representation of women's roles in cinema: Cultural policies in cinema before and after the Islamic Revolution]. Zen ve Ferheng Journal, 3(10), 87–96.
  • Amouei, E. (2007, March 7). Taghir naghsh-e jensiyati-ye zanan dar 6 film-e Irani [Changing the gender roles of women in six Iranian films] Nafeh, (37).
  • Aytekin, M. (2019). Devrim sonrası İran sinemasında kadın: Behram Beyzayi filmlerinde kadının temsili [Master’s thesis, Akdeniz University]. YÖK National Thesis Center
  • Basabi, M. (2006). Tasvir-e zan dar rasaneh-haye jam‘i-ye Iran: Motale‘e-ye nazari hamrah ba tahqiqi piramun filmhaye Masoud Kimiai [Portrait of women in Iranian mass media: A theoretical study with research on the films of Masoud Kimiai] (Master’s thesis, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch).
  • Beytoote. (2025). Tahmina Milani. http://www.beytoote.com/art/artist/picture3-election2-photos.html Accessed: October 29, 2025
  • Bourdieu, P. (2014). Eril tahakküm (B. Yılmaz, Trans). Bağlam Yayıncılık.
  • Çakıcı, Z., & Meriç, E. (2023). Color, class, and gender: The social construction of women and beyond in Asghar Farhadi cinema. Gumushane University e-Journal of Communication Faculty, 11(1), 591–621. https://doi.org/10.19145/e-gifder.1190696
  • Delaviz, H. (2004). Gozareshi ejmali az asar-e Tahmineh Milani [A brief report on the works of Tahmineh Milani]. http://www.ensani.ir/fa/content/111917/default.aspx Accessed: March 20, 2025
  • Ekhlagi, A. R. (2001). Do zen, do zendegi, yek film. In H. Mezrehe (Ed.), Fereshtehaye sukhte (Negd ve Berresiye Sinemaye Tahmineh Milani). (pp. 254–258). Neshre Vercavend.
  • Ghorbankarimi, M. (2015). A colourful presence: The evolution of women's representation in Iranian cinema. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
  • Johnston, C. (1973). Women’s cinema as counter-cinema. In E. Ann Kaplan (Ed.), Feminism and Film (pp. 208-219). Oxford University Press.
  • Karımı, P. (2024). Unveiling gender dynamics: A critical analysis of Iranian cinema. Korkut Ata Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, (14), 1489–1504. https://doi.org/10.51531/korkutataturkiyat.1429290
  • Mazrae, H. (2002). Burnt angels: Criticism and review of Tahmineh Milani’s cinema. Varjavand Publishing.
  • Mezrehe, H. (2001). Fereshtehaye sukhte (Negd ve Berresiye sinemaye Tahmineh Milani). Neshre Vercavend Publishing.
  • Mirfakharai, M., & Ranjbar, T. (2013). A study of gender equality themes in Tahmineh Milani's films. Communication Culture, 3(10), 59–80. https://sid.ir/paper/509582/fa
  • Mottahedeh, N. (2004). “Life is color!” Towards a transnational feminist analysis of Mohsen Makhmalbaf’s Gabbeh. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 30(1), 1403–1426.
  • Mozaffari, A., & Matin, F. (2009). Tahlil-e mohtava-ye film-e “Do Zan” be kargardani-ye Tahmineh Milani ba ruykard be zan [A content analysis of Two Women directed by Tahmineh Milani with a gender approach]. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(2), 139–164. https://sid.ir/paper/177027/fa
  • Naficy, H. (2012). A social history of Iranian cinema: The globalizing era, 1984–2010 (Vol. 4). Duke University Press. Özkan, H. (2021). Representation and social status of women in Iranian cinema: An analysis of Tahmineh Milani's films. Journal of Media and Religion Studies, 4(1), 105–120. https://doi.org/10.47951/mediad.936483
  • Paidar, P. (1995). Women and the political process in twentieth-century Iran. Cambridge University Press.
  • Rastegar, Y., & Aghababai, E. (2014). Khanesh-e nasli-ye zanan az film-e sinemayi-ye “Do Zan”[Generational reading of women from the film Two Women]. Journal of Women in Culture and Art, 7(3), 189–210. https://doi.org/10.22059/jwica.2014.54512
  • Sert, Ö., & Oguz, S. (2024). Women, film and politics in the Islamic Republic of Iran 1979–2005: A perspective from learning from experience and performance theory. Universal Journal of History and Culture, 6(1), 79–100. https://doi.org/10.52613/ujhc.1390962
  • Shafiei, N., & Ramazani, H. (2025). The transformation of social harm representation of women in Iranian cinema of the 2010s. Journal of Society Culture Media, 14(55), 77–111. https://doi.org/10.22034/SCM.2025.526793.1883
  • Taheri, N. (2007). Barrasi-ye chegune baznamayi-ye zanan dar sinemaye ba‘d az enghelab ba ruykard-e feministi [An examination of the representation of women in post-revolutionary Iranian cinema: A feminist approach with a case study of the films Shokran and Donya] [Master’s thesis Allameh Tabataba'i University].
  • Tapper, R. (2002). The new Iranian cinema: Politics, representation and identity. Tauris Publishing. Zeydabadi-Nejad, S. (2009). The politics of Iranian cinema: Film and society in the Islamic Republic. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203868478
Toplam 24 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Radyo-Televizyon
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Vega Moqrabi 0000-0001-9935-1756

Gönderilme Tarihi 4 Kasım 2025
Kabul Tarihi 11 Mart 2026
Yayımlanma Tarihi 12 Mart 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.32952/communicata.1817590
IZ https://izlik.org/JA23PZ29XW
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2026 Sayı: 31

Kaynak Göster

APA Moqrabi, V. (2026). Silence and Resistance: Representation of a woman in Tahmineh Milani’s Two Women movie. Communicata, 31, 62-72. https://doi.org/10.32952/communicata.1817590
AMA 1.Moqrabi V. Silence and Resistance: Representation of a woman in Tahmineh Milani’s Two Women movie. Communicata. 2026;(31):62-72. doi:10.32952/communicata.1817590
Chicago Moqrabi, Vega. 2026. “Silence and Resistance: Representation of a woman in Tahmineh Milani’s Two Women movie”. Communicata, sy 31: 62-72. https://doi.org/10.32952/communicata.1817590.
EndNote Moqrabi V (01 Mart 2026) Silence and Resistance: Representation of a woman in Tahmineh Milani’s Two Women movie. Communicata 31 62–72.
IEEE [1]V. Moqrabi, “Silence and Resistance: Representation of a woman in Tahmineh Milani’s Two Women movie”, Communicata, sy 31, ss. 62–72, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.32952/communicata.1817590.
ISNAD Moqrabi, Vega. “Silence and Resistance: Representation of a woman in Tahmineh Milani’s Two Women movie”. Communicata. 31 (01 Mart 2026): 62-72. https://doi.org/10.32952/communicata.1817590.
JAMA 1.Moqrabi V. Silence and Resistance: Representation of a woman in Tahmineh Milani’s Two Women movie. Communicata. 2026;:62–72.
MLA Moqrabi, Vega. “Silence and Resistance: Representation of a woman in Tahmineh Milani’s Two Women movie”. Communicata, sy 31, Mart 2026, ss. 62-72, doi:10.32952/communicata.1817590.
Vancouver 1.Vega Moqrabi. Silence and Resistance: Representation of a woman in Tahmineh Milani’s Two Women movie. Communicata. 01 Mart 2026;(31):62-7. doi:10.32952/communicata.1817590

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