Kış Merasında Otlatmanın Toprağın Bazı Özelliklerine Etkileri

Öz

Merada otlayan hayvanlar, otlatmanın zaman ve yoğunluğu ile iklim ve toprak şartlarına bağlı olarak toprağı olumlu ya da olumsuz etkiler. Özellikle topraklar yaş iken yapılan otlatmalar genellikle olumsuz etkiye sahiptir. Bu çalışmada kışın koyun otlatılan doğal merada, bu otlatmanın toprakların fiziksel ve biyolojik özellikleri üzerine etkileri belirlemek için denemenin başlangıcı ve sonunda 0-5 ve 5-15 cm derinliklerden toprak örnekleri alınmıştır. Denemede koyun başına 875 m² alan düşecek şekilde her yıl kışın 2 ay (ocak ve şubat) Merinos koyunları otlatılmıştır. Uygulanan eş yapma t testi sonucunda otlatmanın hacim ağırlığı, penetrometre direnci, toprak nemi, mikroorganizma sayısı ve katalaz enzim aktivitesi özelliklerine etkisi istatistiksel olarak önemli (P<0.05) bulunmuştur. İncelenen diğer özellikler (agregat stabilitesi, organik karbon (C), toplam azot (N), üreaz aktivitesi) üzerinde otlatmanın önemli etkisi görülmemiştir. Sonuç olarak, meraların sürdürülebilirliği için topraklar ıslak iken otlatılmamalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Otlatma,Sıkışma,Mikroorganizma faaliyeti

Effects of Grazing on Soil Characteristics of Winter Rangeland

Öz

Grazing animals have either positive or negative impacts on soils just based on grazing time and intensity, climate and soil conditions. Grazing over wet soils usually have negative impacts on soil characteristics. This study was conducted to determine the effects of winter sheep grazing on soil physical and chemical characteristics. Soil samples were taken from 0-5 and 5-15 cm soil depth at the beginning and end of experiments. Merino sheep were grazed for 2 months (January and February) over a rangeland as to have 875 m² space for each sheep. Paired sample t-test results revealed that grazing had significant effects on bulk density, penetrometer resistance, soil moisture, number of microorganisms and catalase enzyme activities (P<0.05). Grazing did not have any significant effects on the other parameters (aggregate stability, organic carbon(C), total nitrogen(N), urease activity). It was concluded that rangelands should not be grazed under wet conditions for the sustainability of the rangelands.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Grazing,Soil compaction,Microbial activity

Kaynakça

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