Dünya Bankası Beşeri Sermaye Şemsiye Programı: Sosyo-Ekonomik Bakış

Öz

Bireylerin sahip olduğu ve ekonomik üretkenliğe katkıda bulunabilecek bilgi, beceri, yetenek ve diğer maddi olmayan varlıklar birikimini ifade eden beşeri sermaye, kuruluşların ve ekonomilerin başarısında çok önemli bir faktördür. Ülkelerin gelişiminde ve kalkınmasında en önemli milli varlıklardan birisi olarak da görülmekte olan beşeri sermaye, sürekli yatırım yapılması ve korunması gereken alanların başında yer almaktadır. Gelişmekte olan ülkeler, imkânları ve vizyonları ölçüsünde beşeri sermayelerine yatırım yapma konusunda çaba göstermekle birlikte, olanaksızlıklar, önceliklerin farklı olması ve karar vericilerin vizyon eksiklikleri gibi nedenlerden dolayı, bu çabaların genellikle arzulanan seviyeye erişmesi mümkün olamamaktadır. Günümüz dünyasında ülkelerin beşeri sermayeleri arasında da ciddi seviyelerde farklılıklar bulunmakta ve bu nedenle uluslararası bazı kuruluşlar beşeri sermayeye yapılan yatırımların arttırılması ve sürdürülebilir olması için inisiyatif alarak dünya ölçeğinde etkili olabileceği düşünülen girişimler başlatmaktadırlar. Dünya Bankası beşeri sermayenin yüksek önemi nedeniyle, ihtiyacı olan ülkeler için Beşeri Sermaye Projesi ve sonrasında Beşeri Sermaye Şemsiye Programı'nı başlatmış ve beşeri sermayesi zayıf bazı ülkeler için finansal destekçileri vasıtasıyla söz konusu programı hayata geçirmiştir. Dünya Bankası ayrıca beşeri sermayenin ölçülebilirliği için Beşeri Sermaye Endeksi’ni geliştirerek ülkelerin kendi pozisyonlarını değerlendirmelerine olanak sağlamıştır. Şemsiye programı, Bill ve Melinda Gates Vakfı ile Kanada Hükümetinin sağladığı maddi destek kullanılarak hayata geçirilmiş olup, faaliyetleri devam etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Dünya Bankası’nın beşeri sermaye kapsamında başlattığı yukarıda anılan proje ve programlar sosyo-ekonomik bakış açısıyla incelemiş ve ülkemizin Dünya Bankası ile yürüttüğü/yürüteceği faaliyetlere şüpheci bir gözle bakılması açısından ülkemizde oluşmuş bilince katkı sağlayabilir düşüncesiyle, Dünya Bankası’nın Şemsiye Programı’na finansal destek verenler ile Dünya Bankası’nın olası gizli ajandaları ve hedeflerine yönelik literatürden derlenen tespitler ve yazarın varsayımlara dayalı bazı çıkarımları paylaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Dünya Bankası
• Beşeri Sermaye
• Beşeri Sermaye Endeksi
• Gates Vakfı

World Bank Human Capital Umbrella Program: Socio-Economic Perspective

Öz

Human capital, which refers to the accumulation of knowledge, skills, abilities and other intangible assets possessed by individuals that can contribute to economic productivity, is a crucial factor in the success of organizations and economies. Human capital, which is also seen as one of the most important national assets in the development and progress of countries, is one of the areas that need to be continuously invested in and protected. Although developing countries strive to invest in their human capital to the extent of their means and vision, these efforts often fail to reach the desired level due to reasons such as lack of opportunities, different priorities and lack of vision of decision-makers. In today's world, there are also significant differences between the human capital of countries, and for this reason, some international organizations are taking the initiative to increase and sustain investments in human capital and launch initiatives that are thought to be effective on a world scale. Due to the high importance of human capital, the World Bank initiated the Human Capital Project and later the Human Capital Umbrella Program for countries in need and implemented the program through its financial supporters for some countries with weak human capital. The World Bank also developed the Human Capital Index for the measurability of human capital, allowing countries to assess their own position. The umbrella program was launched with financial support from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the Government of Canada, and its activities are ongoing. In this study, the aforementioned projects and programs initiated by the World Bank within the scope of human capital were examined from a socio-economic perspective, and with the idea that it may contribute to the consciousness formed in our country in terms of looking at the activities that our country carries out / will carry out with the World Bank with a skeptical eye, some of the author's hypothetical conclusions and findings from the literature on the possible hidden agendas and objectives of the World Bank and financial backers of the World Bank's Umbrella Program are shared.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• World Bank
• Human Capital
• Human Capital Index
• Gates Foundation

Kaynakça

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