The Ethics of Code: Ethical Agency, Authority, and Social Action in Artificial Intelligence

Öz

Artificial intelligence technologies are at the center of not only technical ad- vances but also ethical and social transformations. This study examines the relationships of algorithmic decision-making processes on social structure, normative order and authority relations, based on philosophical discussions on whether artificial intelligence can be an ethical agent. Ethical responsibility should not be considered only as an obligation of an individual will. The area of responsibility is increasingly becoming an output of the production methods and data structures of technical systems. In order to better understand this ab- stract area and to approach the subject from different levels, theoretical analy- sis, critical discourse analysis and comparative ethical modeling methods were preferred in the study. In this way, both the philosophical boundaries of the ethical concept and its reflections in practice were evaluated in a multidimen- sional manner. Thus, the idea that artificial intelligence systems are not limited to being decision support tools is taken to the center. It is also revealed that this technology has transformed into normative actors that produce, classify and direct behaviors. The findings show that ethical norms are not just abstract principles but are embedded in technical architecture and directly reflected in the functioning of the system. The communication tension between algorithms and basic ethical principles such as transparency, subjectivity and contextual- ity is not a technical design problem. The study also evaluates this issue as a structural issue that necessitates the rethinking of ethical responsibility. Within the framework of these contexts, it has been concluded that the ethics of arti- ficial intelligence is intertwined with managerial and design responsibilities for practice rather than a theoretical discussion.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• artificial intelligence
• ethical responsibility
• algorithmic governance
• normative systems
• media

Kodun Ahlakı: Yapay Zekâda Etik Faillik, Otorite ve Toplumsal Eylem Üzerine

Öz

Yapay zekâ teknolojileri, yalnızca teknik ilerlemelerin değil, aynı zamanda etik ve toplumsal dönüşümlerin de merkezine yerleşmiş durumdadır. Bu çalışma, yapay zekânın etik fail olup olamayacağına ilişkin felsefi tartışmaları temel alarak, algoritmik karar alma süreçlerinin toplumsal yapı, normatif düzen ve otorite ilişkileri üzerindeki etkisini incelemektedir. Etik sorumluluk, yalnızca bireysel bir iradenin değil, giderek daha fazla teknik sistemlerin üretim biçimlerinin ve veri yapılandırmalarının bir çıktısı haline gelmektedir. Çalışmada, konuya farklı düzlemlerden yaklaşabilmek amacıyla kuramsal çözümleme, eleştirel söylem analizi ve karşılaştırmalı etik modelleme yöntemleri tercih edilmiştir; bu sayede hem etik kavramın felsefi sınırları hem de uygulamadaki yansımaları çok boyutlu biçimde değerlendirilmiştir. Yapay zekâ sistemlerinin yalnızca karar destek araçları olmadığı; aynı zamanda değer üreten, sınıflandıran ve davranışları yönlendiren normatif aktörlere dönüştüğü ortaya konmuştur. Bulgular, etik normların soyut ilkelerden ibaret olmadığını, teknik mimarilere gömülerek sistemin doğrudan işleyişini etkilediğini göstermektedir. Algoritmaların şeffaflık, öznellik ve bağlamsallık gibi temel etik ilkelerle kurduğu gerilim, yalnızca teknik bir tasarım sorunu değil; aynı zamanda etik sorumluluğun yeniden düşünülmesini zorunlu kılan yapısal bir mesele olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, yapay zekâ etiğinin sadece teorik bir tartışma değil, aynı zamanda uygulamaya yönelik yönetimsel ve tasarımsal sorumluluklarla iç içe geçtiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yapay zekâ
• Etik sorumluluk
• Algoritmik karar süreçleri
• Norm üretimi
• Medya.

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