Investigating the Effects of Prompt Engineering in STEM Activities Designed with ChatGPT-4o

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 54 Sayı: 3, 1247 - 1298, 31.12.2025

Nezihe Korkmaz , Kamuran Tarım

Öz

This study examines the use of ChatGPT-4o, an artificial intelligence-supported chatbot, in the design of STEM activities and investigates the effects of prompt engineering practices on this process. The aim of the study is to determine how pre-service mathematics teachers with no prior experience in designing STEM activities navigate ChatGPT-4o, how the activities they design fit into the STEM framework, and how prompt engineering techniques influence the quality of the activities. The research was conducted with the case study method with seven pre-service mathematics teachers enrolled in an elementary mathematics teacher education program at a university in Turkey. During the data collection process, the pre-service teachers designed STEM activities using ChatGPT-4o, first without knowledge of prompt engineering. Following a five-hour instructional session, they repeated the task using prompt engineering strategies. The designed activities were analyzed using the “STEM Activity Evaluation Form.”
The findings showed that STEM activities designed without knowledge of prompt engineering were generally superficial in terms of thematic depth. However, after receiving the prompt engineering training, pre-service teachers produced more appropriate and interdisciplinary STEM activities. The results of the study reveal that ChatGPT-4o has strong potential as a guide in STEM education, but prompt engineering is critical for its effective use. The researchers recommend the development of prompt engineering skills into teacher education and the effective integration of artificial intelligence tools in STEM instruction.

Anahtar Kelimeler

STEM , ChatGPT , Prompt Engineering , Artificial Intelligence , Pre-service Teachers

ChatGPT-4o ile Tasarlanan STEM Etkinliklerinde İstem Mühendisliğinin Etkilerinin İncelenmesi

Öz

Bu araştırma, yapay zekâ destekli sohbet robotu ChatGPT-4o’nun STEM etkinlikleri tasarımında kullanımını ve istem mühendisliği uygulamalarının bu süreçteki etkilerini incelemektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, STEM etkinlikleri tasarlama deneyimi olmayan matematik öğretmen adaylarının ChatGPT-4o’ü nasıl yönlendirdiğini, tasarladıkları etkinliklerin STEM çerçevesine uygunluğunu ve istem mühendisliği tekniklerinin etkinliklerin niteliğini nasıl etkilediğini belirlemektir. Araştırma, durum çalışması yöntemiyle yürütülmüş olup Türkiye'de bir üniversitenin ilköğretim matematik öğretmenliği programında öğrenim gören 7 öğretmen adayıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veri toplama sürecinde, öğretmen adayları önce istem mühendisliği bilgisi olmadan ardından beş ders saati bir eğitim sonrasında istem mühendisliği bilgisiyle ChatGPT-4o kullanarak STEM etkinlikleri tasarlamışlardır. Tasarlanan etkinlikler, “STEM Etkinliği Değerlendirme Formu” kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular, istem mühendisliği bilgisi olmadan tasarlanan STEM etkinliklerinin temalar açısından genellikle yüzeysel kaldığını göstermiştir. Ancak, istem mühendisliği eğitimi sonrasında öğretmen adaylarının daha uygun ve disiplinler arası bağlantıları güçlü STEM etkinlikleri oluşturduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçları, ChatGPT-4o’nun STEM eğitimi için rehberlik potansiyeline sahip olduğunu ancak etkin kullanımı için istem mühendisliğinin kritik olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Araştırmacılar, öğretmen eğitiminde istem mühendisliği becerilerinin geliştirilmesini ve yapay zekâ araçlarının STEM öğretiminde etkin entegrasyonunu önermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

STEM , ChatGPT , İstem Mühendisliği , yapay zeka , Öğretmen adayları

Kaynakça

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