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A Review on Cross Cultural Education throughout Europe: Identity Issues

Yıl 2018, , 109 - 125, 22.04.2018
https://doi.org/10.14812/cuefd.389797

Öz

The past
few decades have witnessed an increase in global mobility and an unprecedented
number of exchange programs offered by various institutions and governments to
enable students to receive education in foreign countries. The increase in the
enrolment rates of international and exchange students has led many countries
to reform their educational systems at curricular and practical levels to meet
the needs of international students. European Council (2001), for instance, has
developed a common framework of reference to enable students across Europe to
travel for education with the hope of creating a common European identity.
However, institutional reports and research findings show that in spite of the
increasing opportunities and attempts to improve information and funding
services to accommodate the needs of international students, the effectiveness
of cross cultural education can be questioned. Among these predicaments,
identity issues have been frequently reported (e.g., Andrade, 2006; Ho, 2009;
Kuhn, 2012; Kim, 2014). In this respect, the present study aims to provide a
review of recent studies and reports by focusing specifically on identity
problems encountered by exchange students. The discussions presented and their
implications are meant to contribute to improving the educational contexts for
exchange students.

Kaynakça

  • Jacob, E. J. & Greggo, J. W. (2001). Using counselor training and collaborative programming strategies in working with international students. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 29(1), 73-88.
  • Cısdık, Z. K. (2014) Exploring the changes in Turkish university students’ language learning beliefs as a result of ‘erasmus student mobility for studies programme’[Erasmus değişim programı sonrasında Türk üniversite öğrencilerinin dil öğrenme algılarındaki değişimlerin incelenmesi]. M.A. Thesis, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
  • Kim, H. Y. (2001). Becoming intercultural: An ıntegrative theory of communication and cross-cultural adaptation. CA: Thousand Oaks.
  • Kim, H. Y. (2001). Learner investment, identity, and resistance to second language pragmatic norms. System, 45, 92-102.
  • Althen, G. (1994). Recurring issues in intercultural communication. In G. Althen (Ed.), Learning across Cultures (pp. 189-190). Washington, DC: NAFSA.
  • Kuhn, T. (2012). Europa ante Portas: Border residence, transnational ınteraction and Euroscepticism in Germany and France. European Union Politics, 13(1). 94-117.
  • Lee, D. (1997). What teachers can do to relieve problems identified by international students? New Directions for Teaching and Learning, 70, 93-100.
  • Lewthwaite, M. (1996). A study of international students’ perspectives on cross-cultural adaptation. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 19(2), 167-185.
  • Marks, G. (1999). Territorial identities in the European Union. Oxford: oxford University Press.
  • Marshall, E. (2005). Cash-short schools aim to raise fees, recruit foreign students. Science, 307 (5710), 656.
  • Fichte, J. G. (1968). Addresses to the German Nation. New York : Harper.
  • Mather, J. (2006). Legitimating the European Union: Aspirations, inputs and performance. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.
  • NAFSA (Association of International Educators) (2003). In America’s interest: Welcoming international students. Report of the strategic task force on international student access, Retrieved from http://www.nafsa.org/content/ PublicPolicy/stf/stf.htm, [Accessed 26.11. 2014].
  • Colebatch, T. (2005). Foreign students settle. Retrieved from http://www.theage.com.au /news/Immigration/ Foreign-students- settle/2005/01/21/ 1106110942999.html [Accessed: 01.12.2008].
  • Neuendorf, K. (2002). The content analysis guide book. California: Sage Publications Inc.
  • Peterson, D.M., Briggs, P., Dreasher, L., Horner, D. D. & Nelson, T. (1999). Contributions of international students and programs to campus diversity. New Directions for Student Services, 86, 67-77.
  • Puchala, D. (1981). Integration theory and the study of international relations. In Merrit, R.L. and Russett, B.M. (eds.), From National Development to Global Community. Essays in Honor of Karl W. Deutsch (pp. 145-163). London: George Allen & Unwin.
  • Andrade, M. S. (2006). International students in English-speaking universities. Journal of Research in International Education, 5(2), 131-154.
  • Ramburuth, P. (2001). Language diversity and the first-year experience: Implications for academic achievement and language skills acquisition. Journal of the First-Year Experience, 19(2).75-93.
  • Ramsay, S., Barker, M. & Jones, E. (1999). Academic adjustment and learning processes: A comparison of international and local students in first-year university. Higher Education Research & Development, 18(1), 129-144.
  • Reisner, E. (1922). Nationalism and education since 1789. New York: Macmillan.
  • Alesina, A. and Fuchs-Schundeln, N. (2005). Goodbye Lenin (or not?): The Effect of Communism on People. Harward Intitute of Economic Research, Cambridge, America: Harward University Press.
  • Risse, T. (2010). A community of Europeans? Transnational identities and public spheres. New York: Ithaca.
  • Robertson, M., Line, M., Jones, S. & Thomas, S. (2000). International students, learning environments and perceptions: A case study using the Delphi technique. Higher Education Research & Development, 19(1), 89-102.
  • Şahin, M. (2008). Cross-cultural experience in preservice teacher education. Teaching and Teacher Education, 24 (7), 1777-1790.
  • Coley, M. (2005). The English language entry requirements of Australian universities for students of non-English speaking background. Higher Education Research & Development, 18(1), 7-17.
  • Sarkodie-Mensah, K. (1998). International students in the US: Trends, cultural adjustments, and solutions for a better experience. International Library Education, 39(3), 214-222.
  • Schneider, M. (2000). Others’ open doors. How other nations attract international students: Implications for US educational Exchange, Retrieved from http://exchanges.state.gov/iep/execsummary.pdf [Accessed 01.12.2005].
  • Sigalas, E. (2009). Does ERASMUS student mobility promote a European Identity? Constitutionalism Web-Papers, 2. Retrieved from https://www.wiso.uni-hamburg.de/fachbereich-sowi/professuren/wiener/dokumente/conwebpaperspdfs/2009/conweb-2-2009.pdf
  • Stephan, W. & Stephan, C. (2001). Improving intergroup relations. New York: Thousand Oaks.
  • Başaran, S. (2010). Effects of podcasts on language learning beliefs and self-efficacy perceptions of first-year Turkish university students, Doctorate Dissertation [İnternet yayınlarının birinci sınıf Türk öğrencilerinin dil öğrenme ve yeterlilik algılarına etkisi]. Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
  • Tajfel, H. (1978). Differentiation between social groups: Studies in the social psychology of intergroup relations. New York: Penguin Books.
  • Fligstein, N. (2008). Euroclash: The EU, European identity and the future of Europe, England: Oxford University Press.
  • Tajfel, H. (1981). Human groups and social categories: Studies in social psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Tompson, H. B. & Tompson, G. H. (1996). Confronting diversity issues in the classroom with strategies to improve satisfaction and retention of international students. Journal of Education for Business, 72(1), 53-57.
  • Trice, A. (2003). Faculty perceptions of graduate international students: The benefits and challenges. Journal of Studies in International Education, 7(4), 379-403.
  • UNESCO, (2014). Unesco Institute for Statistics: Global flow of tertiary-level students. Retrieved from http://www.uis.unesco.org/Education/Pages/international-student-flow-viz.aspx, [Accessed: 03.11.2014].
  • Decker, F. (2011). Governance beyond the nation-state. Reflections on the democratic deficit of the European Union. Journal of European Public Policy, 9, 256-272.Ersoy, A., & Günel, E. (2011). Cross-cultural experiences through Erasmus: Pre-service teachers’ individual and professional development. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 42, 63-78.
  • Ward, C. (2004). Psychological theories of culture contact and their implications for intercultural training. In D. Landis, J. Bennett & M. Bennett (Eds.), Handbook of intercultural training (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Weber, E. (1976). Peasants into Frenchmen: The modernization of rural France: 1870–1914. Stanford, CA: Sage Publishing.
  • Yildirim, R. & Ilin, G. (2013). Some Reflections on Cultural Adaptation of Turkish Erasmus Students of ELT Department. C.U. Faculty of Education Journal, 42(2), 111-121.
  • Yucesin-Tas, Y. T. (2013). Problems encountered by students who went abroad as part of the Erasmus Programme and suggestions for solutions. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 40(3), 81-87.
  • Zhao, C. M., Kuh, G. D. & Carini, R. M. (2005). A comparison of international students and American student engagement in effective educational practices. Journal of Higher Education, 76(2), 209-231.
  • Giddens, A. (1991). Modernity and self-identity: Self and Society in the late modern age. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Branscombe, N. & Wann, D., (1994). Collective self-esteem consequences of outgroup derogation when a valued social identity is on trial. European Journal of Social Psychology, 24 (6), 641-657.
  • Brown, L. (2008). The adjustment journey of international postgraduate students at a university in England: An ethnography [İngiltere’de yükseköğrenim gören uluslararası öğrencilerin uyum süreci: Bir etnografi çalışması]. Doctorate Dissertation, Bournemouth University, UK.
  • Brown, L. (2009). A failure of communication on the cross-cultural campus. Journal of Studies in International Education, 13(4), 439-454.
  • Brown, L. & Aktas, G. (2012). Turkish university students' hopes and fears about travel to the west. Journal of Research in International Education, 11(1), 3-18.
  • Carr, S. C., Mckay, D. & Rugimbanar, S. C. (1999). Managing Australia’s aid- and self-funded international students. International Journal of Education Management, 13(4), 167-172.
  • Europa Press Releases (2006). Erasmus @ 20: the Commission launches the celebrations for the anniversary of its flagship programme. IP/06/1698, 7 December.
  • European Commission, (2006). Putting knowledge into practice: A broad-based innovation strategy for the EU, Retrieved from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/com/2006/ com2006_0502en01.pdf [Accessed: 11.04.2014].
  • European Commission, (2007). Report from the Commission to the Council on the Council Resolution of 23 November 2007 on modernizing universities for Europe’s competitiveness in a global knowledge economy, Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/education/ higher-education/doc/com/680_en.pdf [Accessed: 18.11.2014].
  • European Commission against Racism and Intolerance, (2010). ECRI report on the United Kingdom, Retrieved from htt p://www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/ecri/Country-by-country/United_Kingdom/GBR-CbC-IV-2010–004-ENG.pdf [Accessed: 18.11.2014].
  • Feldstein, H. (1967). A study of transaction and political integration: transnational labour flow within the European Economic Community. Journal of Common Market Studies, 6, 24-55.
  • Green, D. M. (2007). The Europeans: political identity in an emerging polity. London: Lynn Riennier, Boulder.
  • Groux D & et Porcher L. (2000). Les echanges educatifs [Educational exchanges]. Paris: L’Harmattan.
  • Habermas, J. (2001). Why Europe needs a constitution. New Left Review, 11, 5-18.
  • Ho, L. C. (2009). Global multicultural citizenship education: A Singapore experience. The Social Studies, 100 (6), 285-293.
  • Hurtado, A. & Silva, J. M. (2008). Creating new social identities in children through critical multicultural media: The case of Little Bill. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 120, 17-30.
Yıl 2018, , 109 - 125, 22.04.2018
https://doi.org/10.14812/cuefd.389797

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Jacob, E. J. & Greggo, J. W. (2001). Using counselor training and collaborative programming strategies in working with international students. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 29(1), 73-88.
  • Cısdık, Z. K. (2014) Exploring the changes in Turkish university students’ language learning beliefs as a result of ‘erasmus student mobility for studies programme’[Erasmus değişim programı sonrasında Türk üniversite öğrencilerinin dil öğrenme algılarındaki değişimlerin incelenmesi]. M.A. Thesis, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
  • Kim, H. Y. (2001). Becoming intercultural: An ıntegrative theory of communication and cross-cultural adaptation. CA: Thousand Oaks.
  • Kim, H. Y. (2001). Learner investment, identity, and resistance to second language pragmatic norms. System, 45, 92-102.
  • Althen, G. (1994). Recurring issues in intercultural communication. In G. Althen (Ed.), Learning across Cultures (pp. 189-190). Washington, DC: NAFSA.
  • Kuhn, T. (2012). Europa ante Portas: Border residence, transnational ınteraction and Euroscepticism in Germany and France. European Union Politics, 13(1). 94-117.
  • Lee, D. (1997). What teachers can do to relieve problems identified by international students? New Directions for Teaching and Learning, 70, 93-100.
  • Lewthwaite, M. (1996). A study of international students’ perspectives on cross-cultural adaptation. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 19(2), 167-185.
  • Marks, G. (1999). Territorial identities in the European Union. Oxford: oxford University Press.
  • Marshall, E. (2005). Cash-short schools aim to raise fees, recruit foreign students. Science, 307 (5710), 656.
  • Fichte, J. G. (1968). Addresses to the German Nation. New York : Harper.
  • Mather, J. (2006). Legitimating the European Union: Aspirations, inputs and performance. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.
  • NAFSA (Association of International Educators) (2003). In America’s interest: Welcoming international students. Report of the strategic task force on international student access, Retrieved from http://www.nafsa.org/content/ PublicPolicy/stf/stf.htm, [Accessed 26.11. 2014].
  • Colebatch, T. (2005). Foreign students settle. Retrieved from http://www.theage.com.au /news/Immigration/ Foreign-students- settle/2005/01/21/ 1106110942999.html [Accessed: 01.12.2008].
  • Neuendorf, K. (2002). The content analysis guide book. California: Sage Publications Inc.
  • Peterson, D.M., Briggs, P., Dreasher, L., Horner, D. D. & Nelson, T. (1999). Contributions of international students and programs to campus diversity. New Directions for Student Services, 86, 67-77.
  • Puchala, D. (1981). Integration theory and the study of international relations. In Merrit, R.L. and Russett, B.M. (eds.), From National Development to Global Community. Essays in Honor of Karl W. Deutsch (pp. 145-163). London: George Allen & Unwin.
  • Andrade, M. S. (2006). International students in English-speaking universities. Journal of Research in International Education, 5(2), 131-154.
  • Ramburuth, P. (2001). Language diversity and the first-year experience: Implications for academic achievement and language skills acquisition. Journal of the First-Year Experience, 19(2).75-93.
  • Ramsay, S., Barker, M. & Jones, E. (1999). Academic adjustment and learning processes: A comparison of international and local students in first-year university. Higher Education Research & Development, 18(1), 129-144.
  • Reisner, E. (1922). Nationalism and education since 1789. New York: Macmillan.
  • Alesina, A. and Fuchs-Schundeln, N. (2005). Goodbye Lenin (or not?): The Effect of Communism on People. Harward Intitute of Economic Research, Cambridge, America: Harward University Press.
  • Risse, T. (2010). A community of Europeans? Transnational identities and public spheres. New York: Ithaca.
  • Robertson, M., Line, M., Jones, S. & Thomas, S. (2000). International students, learning environments and perceptions: A case study using the Delphi technique. Higher Education Research & Development, 19(1), 89-102.
  • Şahin, M. (2008). Cross-cultural experience in preservice teacher education. Teaching and Teacher Education, 24 (7), 1777-1790.
  • Coley, M. (2005). The English language entry requirements of Australian universities for students of non-English speaking background. Higher Education Research & Development, 18(1), 7-17.
  • Sarkodie-Mensah, K. (1998). International students in the US: Trends, cultural adjustments, and solutions for a better experience. International Library Education, 39(3), 214-222.
  • Schneider, M. (2000). Others’ open doors. How other nations attract international students: Implications for US educational Exchange, Retrieved from http://exchanges.state.gov/iep/execsummary.pdf [Accessed 01.12.2005].
  • Sigalas, E. (2009). Does ERASMUS student mobility promote a European Identity? Constitutionalism Web-Papers, 2. Retrieved from https://www.wiso.uni-hamburg.de/fachbereich-sowi/professuren/wiener/dokumente/conwebpaperspdfs/2009/conweb-2-2009.pdf
  • Stephan, W. & Stephan, C. (2001). Improving intergroup relations. New York: Thousand Oaks.
  • Başaran, S. (2010). Effects of podcasts on language learning beliefs and self-efficacy perceptions of first-year Turkish university students, Doctorate Dissertation [İnternet yayınlarının birinci sınıf Türk öğrencilerinin dil öğrenme ve yeterlilik algılarına etkisi]. Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
  • Tajfel, H. (1978). Differentiation between social groups: Studies in the social psychology of intergroup relations. New York: Penguin Books.
  • Fligstein, N. (2008). Euroclash: The EU, European identity and the future of Europe, England: Oxford University Press.
  • Tajfel, H. (1981). Human groups and social categories: Studies in social psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Tompson, H. B. & Tompson, G. H. (1996). Confronting diversity issues in the classroom with strategies to improve satisfaction and retention of international students. Journal of Education for Business, 72(1), 53-57.
  • Trice, A. (2003). Faculty perceptions of graduate international students: The benefits and challenges. Journal of Studies in International Education, 7(4), 379-403.
  • UNESCO, (2014). Unesco Institute for Statistics: Global flow of tertiary-level students. Retrieved from http://www.uis.unesco.org/Education/Pages/international-student-flow-viz.aspx, [Accessed: 03.11.2014].
  • Decker, F. (2011). Governance beyond the nation-state. Reflections on the democratic deficit of the European Union. Journal of European Public Policy, 9, 256-272.Ersoy, A., & Günel, E. (2011). Cross-cultural experiences through Erasmus: Pre-service teachers’ individual and professional development. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 42, 63-78.
  • Ward, C. (2004). Psychological theories of culture contact and their implications for intercultural training. In D. Landis, J. Bennett & M. Bennett (Eds.), Handbook of intercultural training (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Weber, E. (1976). Peasants into Frenchmen: The modernization of rural France: 1870–1914. Stanford, CA: Sage Publishing.
  • Yildirim, R. & Ilin, G. (2013). Some Reflections on Cultural Adaptation of Turkish Erasmus Students of ELT Department. C.U. Faculty of Education Journal, 42(2), 111-121.
  • Yucesin-Tas, Y. T. (2013). Problems encountered by students who went abroad as part of the Erasmus Programme and suggestions for solutions. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 40(3), 81-87.
  • Zhao, C. M., Kuh, G. D. & Carini, R. M. (2005). A comparison of international students and American student engagement in effective educational practices. Journal of Higher Education, 76(2), 209-231.
  • Giddens, A. (1991). Modernity and self-identity: Self and Society in the late modern age. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Branscombe, N. & Wann, D., (1994). Collective self-esteem consequences of outgroup derogation when a valued social identity is on trial. European Journal of Social Psychology, 24 (6), 641-657.
  • Brown, L. (2008). The adjustment journey of international postgraduate students at a university in England: An ethnography [İngiltere’de yükseköğrenim gören uluslararası öğrencilerin uyum süreci: Bir etnografi çalışması]. Doctorate Dissertation, Bournemouth University, UK.
  • Brown, L. (2009). A failure of communication on the cross-cultural campus. Journal of Studies in International Education, 13(4), 439-454.
  • Brown, L. & Aktas, G. (2012). Turkish university students' hopes and fears about travel to the west. Journal of Research in International Education, 11(1), 3-18.
  • Carr, S. C., Mckay, D. & Rugimbanar, S. C. (1999). Managing Australia’s aid- and self-funded international students. International Journal of Education Management, 13(4), 167-172.
  • Europa Press Releases (2006). Erasmus @ 20: the Commission launches the celebrations for the anniversary of its flagship programme. IP/06/1698, 7 December.
  • European Commission, (2006). Putting knowledge into practice: A broad-based innovation strategy for the EU, Retrieved from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/com/2006/ com2006_0502en01.pdf [Accessed: 11.04.2014].
  • European Commission, (2007). Report from the Commission to the Council on the Council Resolution of 23 November 2007 on modernizing universities for Europe’s competitiveness in a global knowledge economy, Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/education/ higher-education/doc/com/680_en.pdf [Accessed: 18.11.2014].
  • European Commission against Racism and Intolerance, (2010). ECRI report on the United Kingdom, Retrieved from htt p://www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/ecri/Country-by-country/United_Kingdom/GBR-CbC-IV-2010–004-ENG.pdf [Accessed: 18.11.2014].
  • Feldstein, H. (1967). A study of transaction and political integration: transnational labour flow within the European Economic Community. Journal of Common Market Studies, 6, 24-55.
  • Green, D. M. (2007). The Europeans: political identity in an emerging polity. London: Lynn Riennier, Boulder.
  • Groux D & et Porcher L. (2000). Les echanges educatifs [Educational exchanges]. Paris: L’Harmattan.
  • Habermas, J. (2001). Why Europe needs a constitution. New Left Review, 11, 5-18.
  • Ho, L. C. (2009). Global multicultural citizenship education: A Singapore experience. The Social Studies, 100 (6), 285-293.
  • Hurtado, A. & Silva, J. M. (2008). Creating new social identities in children through critical multicultural media: The case of Little Bill. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 120, 17-30.
Toplam 59 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Eğitim Üzerine Çalışmalar
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Meral Şeker

Yayımlanma Tarihi 22 Nisan 2018
Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Şubat 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018

Kaynak Göster

APA Şeker, M. (2018). A Review on Cross Cultural Education throughout Europe: Identity Issues. Çukurova Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 47(1), 109-125. https://doi.org/10.14812/cuefd.389797

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