Güç Kartı Uygulaması: Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğunda Kullanımı ve Araştırmaların Kapsamlı Betimsel Analizi

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı, öykü-temelli uygulamalardan güç kartlarına, hazırlanma sürecine ve uygulama sürecine ilişkin ayrıntılı bilgiler sunmak ve güç kartı uygulamasının otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB) olan bireyler üzerindeki etkililiğini inceleyen araştırmaları çeşitli değişkenler açısından analiz etmektir. Araştırma kapsamında, üç farklı veri tabanında (Google Scholar, Web of Science ve Hacettepe Üniversitesi Veri Tabanları Toplu Tarama Aracı) ilgili anahtar sözcükler kullanılarak elektronik taramalar yapılmıştır. Taramalar sonucunda 328, geriye kaynakça incelemesi sonucunda 6 araştırma olmak üzere toplam 334 araştırmaya ulaşılmıştır. (a) Ulusal ya da uluslararası hakemli dergilerde yayımlanmış olma, (b) İngilizce ya da Türkçe yazılmış olma, (c) en az biri OSB ya da Asperger Sendromu tanısı olan katılımcılarla yürütülmüş olma, (d) deneysel ya da yarı deneysel araştırma modelleriyle yürütülmüş olma dahil etme ölçütlerini karşılayan 6 araştırma betimsel analize alınmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda güç kartı uygulamasının yaş, cinsiyet ve zeka düzeyi puanı farkı gözetmeksizin OSB olan bireylere uygun davranışların kazandırılmasında ve uygun olmayan davranışların azaltılmasında etkili olduğu görülmüştür. Araştırmanın bulguları tartışılarak ileri araştırmalara yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• güç kartı
• alanyazın taraması
• öykü temelli
• otizm spektrum bozukluğu
• Asperger sendromu

Power Card Method: Use in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Comprehensive Review of The Literature

Öz

The purpose of this study is to provide detailed information regarding power cards, a story-based or social narrative intervention, by explaining the basic preparation and implementation steps, and to comprehensively review the articles examining the effectiveness of the intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder by a number of variables. For this purpose, three databases (Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Hacettepe University Central Search Engine) were searched by using relevant keywords. As a result, 328 studies were identified by database search in addition to 6 studies by backward reference searching. From this identification, 6 studies qualified for the inclusion criteria as follows: (a) publication in a Turkish or/and English peer-reviewed journal, (b) written in Turkish or English language, (c) including at least one participant with ASD or Asperger Syndrome, and (d) employing a quasi- or an experimental-design. Comprehensive review of the literature suggests that power card intervention was effective in increasing desired behaviors and decreasing maladaptive behaviors regardless of age, gender, and intelligence score. Suggestions for future research are provided.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• power card
• literature review
• story-based
• autism spectrum disorder
• Asperger syndrome

Kaynakça

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