Araştırma Makalesi
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Client’s Experiences of Online Counseling: Satisfaction and Therapeutic Alliance

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 51 Sayı: 1, 634 - 658, 27.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.14812/cuefd.843542

Öz

Online counseling has been increasingly becoming widespread. Nevertheless, the number of studies investigating counselees' online counseling experience in-depth is scarce, especially in Turkey, despite the proliferation of the service. Therefore, this phenomenological study aims to understand the experiences of participants who received online counseling regarding satisfaction and therapeutic alliance. For this purpose, semi-structured interviews were conducted with six participants. Thematic analysis was applied to explore their satisfaction with online counseling and therapeutic alliance. The results showed that three themes emerged for satisfaction with online counseling; improvements in the symptoms, the flexibility of the online counseling, and limitations of online counseling. Thematic analysis of therapeutic alliance revealed the themes; goals, tasks, and bond. As a result, the participants reported high satisfaction with the online sessions, and they were able to establish a therapeutic alliance with their counselor in setting goals, seeking solutions to problems, and bonding. Overall, most of the participants reported positive experiences with online counseling in terms of improvement in their situation and establishing significant relationships with their counselor over the Internet.

Destekleyen Kurum

TUBİTAK

Proje Numarası

115K429

Teşekkür

This project was granted by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) (project number: 115K429). We would like to thank to TUBITAK for providing financial support. We also would like to thank to the counselors and supervisor took part in this project.

Kaynakça

  • Alleman, J. R. (2002). Online counseling: The Internet and mental health treatment. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 39(2), 199-209. http://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0033-3204.39.2.199
  • Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Wiwe, M., Vernmark, K., Felix, C. B., Lundborg, L., Furmark, T., Cuijpers, P., & Carlbring, P. (2012). Therapeutic alliance in guided Internet-relivered cognitive behavioural treatment of depression. Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Social Anxiety Disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 50, 544-550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2012.05.003
  • Austen, S., & McGrath, M. (2006). Attitudes to the use of videoconferencing in general and specialist psychiatric services. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 12(3), 146–150. https://doi.org/10.1258/135763306776738594
  • Backhaus, A., Agha, Z., Maglione, M. L., Repp, A., Ross, B., Zuest, D.,Rice-Thorp, N.M, Lohr, J., Thorp, S.R. (2012). Videoconferencing psychotherapy: A systematic review. Psychological Services, 9(2), 111-131. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027924
  • Ballegooijen W.V., Cuijpers, P., Straten V. A., Karyotaki, E., Andersson, G., Smit, J. H., & Riper, H. (2014). Adherence to Internet-based and face-to-face cognitive behavioral therapy for depression: A meta-Analysis. Plos One, 9(7), e100674. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0100674
  • Barak, A., & Grohol, J. M. (2011). Current and future trends in Internet-supported mental health interventions. Journal of Technology in Human Services, 29(3), 155-196. https://doi.org/10.1080/15228835.2011.616939
  • Barak, A., Hen, L., Boniel-Nissim, M., & Shapira, N. (2008). A comprehensive review and a meta-analysis of the effectiveness of internet-based psychotherapeutic interventions. Journal of Technology in Human Services, 26(2), 109-159. https://doi.org/10.1080/15228830802094429
  • Barak, A., Klein, B., & Proudfoot, J. G. (2009). Defining Internet-supported therapeutic interventions. Annals of Behavioural Medicine, 38(1), 4-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-009-9130-7
  • Berger, T. (2016). The therapeutic alliance in Internet interventions: A narrative review and suggestions for future research. Psychotherapy Research, 27(5), 511-524. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2015.1119908
  • Berry, R. M., Ashby, J. S., Gnilka, P. B., & Matheny, K. B. (2011). A comparison of face-to-face and distance coaching practices: Coaches' perceptions of the role of the working alliance in problem resolution. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 63(4), 243–253. http://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/a0026735
  • Bloom, J. (1998). The ethical practice of web counselling. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 23(1), 53-59.
  • Bordin, E. S. (1979). The generalizability of the psychoanalytic concept of the working alliance. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice, 16(3), 252-260. http://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/h0085885
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Danışanların Çevrimiçi Psikolojik Danışma Deneyimleri: Memnuniyet ve Terapötik İşbirliği

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 51 Sayı: 1, 634 - 658, 27.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.14812/cuefd.843542

Öz

Çevrimiçi psikolojik danışmanlık uygulamaları gittikçe yaygınlaşmaktadır. Ancak Türkiye’de danışanların bu konudaki deneyimlerini derinlemesine ele alan çalışmalar oldukça sınırlıdır. Bu fenomenolojik çalışmanın amacı, çevrimiçi danışmanlık alan danışanların memnuniyet ve terapötik işbirliği konusundaki deneyimlerini anlamaktır. Bu amaçla çevrimiçi psikolojik danışma almış altı danışan ile yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Danışanların memnuniyetlerini ve terapötik işbirliği deneyimlerini ortaya koymak için tematik analiz uygulanmıştır. Sonuçlar, çevrimiçi danışmanlıktan memnuniyet için üç temanın ortaya çıktığını göstermiştir; semptomlarda iyileşmeler, çevrimiçi psikolojik danışmanın esnekliği ve çevrimiçi danışma hakkında olumsuz görüşler. Terapötik işbirliğinin tematik analizi ise amaçlar, görevler ve bağ temalarını ortaya çıkarmıştır. Sonuç olarak katılımcılar çevrimiçi oturumlardan yüksek memnuniyet bildirmişlerdir ve psikolojik danışmanları ile hedef belirleme, sorunlara çözüm arama ve bağ kurma konusunda terapötik işbirliği kurabilmişlerdir. Genel olarak katılımcıların çoğu, durumlarında iyileşme ve psikolojik danışmanlarıyla İnternet üzerinden önemli ilişkiler kurma açısından çevrimiçi psikolojik danışmaya yönelik olumlu deneyimler bildirmiştir. 

Proje Numarası

115K429

Kaynakça

  • Alleman, J. R. (2002). Online counseling: The Internet and mental health treatment. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 39(2), 199-209. http://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0033-3204.39.2.199
  • Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Wiwe, M., Vernmark, K., Felix, C. B., Lundborg, L., Furmark, T., Cuijpers, P., & Carlbring, P. (2012). Therapeutic alliance in guided Internet-relivered cognitive behavioural treatment of depression. Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Social Anxiety Disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 50, 544-550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2012.05.003
  • Austen, S., & McGrath, M. (2006). Attitudes to the use of videoconferencing in general and specialist psychiatric services. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 12(3), 146–150. https://doi.org/10.1258/135763306776738594
  • Backhaus, A., Agha, Z., Maglione, M. L., Repp, A., Ross, B., Zuest, D.,Rice-Thorp, N.M, Lohr, J., Thorp, S.R. (2012). Videoconferencing psychotherapy: A systematic review. Psychological Services, 9(2), 111-131. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027924
  • Ballegooijen W.V., Cuijpers, P., Straten V. A., Karyotaki, E., Andersson, G., Smit, J. H., & Riper, H. (2014). Adherence to Internet-based and face-to-face cognitive behavioral therapy for depression: A meta-Analysis. Plos One, 9(7), e100674. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0100674
  • Barak, A., & Grohol, J. M. (2011). Current and future trends in Internet-supported mental health interventions. Journal of Technology in Human Services, 29(3), 155-196. https://doi.org/10.1080/15228835.2011.616939
  • Barak, A., Hen, L., Boniel-Nissim, M., & Shapira, N. (2008). A comprehensive review and a meta-analysis of the effectiveness of internet-based psychotherapeutic interventions. Journal of Technology in Human Services, 26(2), 109-159. https://doi.org/10.1080/15228830802094429
  • Barak, A., Klein, B., & Proudfoot, J. G. (2009). Defining Internet-supported therapeutic interventions. Annals of Behavioural Medicine, 38(1), 4-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-009-9130-7
  • Berger, T. (2016). The therapeutic alliance in Internet interventions: A narrative review and suggestions for future research. Psychotherapy Research, 27(5), 511-524. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2015.1119908
  • Berry, R. M., Ashby, J. S., Gnilka, P. B., & Matheny, K. B. (2011). A comparison of face-to-face and distance coaching practices: Coaches' perceptions of the role of the working alliance in problem resolution. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 63(4), 243–253. http://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/a0026735
  • Bloom, J. (1998). The ethical practice of web counselling. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 23(1), 53-59.
  • Bordin, E. S. (1979). The generalizability of the psychoanalytic concept of the working alliance. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice, 16(3), 252-260. http://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/h0085885
  • Bozkurt, İ. (2013). The new trend in psychological support practices: Online therapies. International Journal of Human Sciences, 10(2), 130-146.
  • Brown, C. (2012). The working alliance in online counselling for crisis intervention and youth [Unpublished master’s thesis]. University of Alberta.
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  • Erus, S. M., & Zeren, Ş. G. (2020). Danışan ve psikolojik danışmanın penceresinden terapötik Iişbirliği: Çevrimiçi, yüz yüze ve plasebo gruplarının karşılaştırılması. Jass Studies-The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, 13(81), 139-152. http://dx.doi.org/10.29228/JASSS.40292
  • Gülüm, İ. V., Uluç, S., & Soygüt, G. (2016). Terapötik İttifak Ölçeği- kısa formun psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 29(1), 47-53. https://doi.org/10.5080/u18260
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  • Horvath, A. O., Del Re, A. C., Flückiger, C., & Symonds, D. (2011). Alliance in individual therapy. Psychotherapy, 48(1), 9-16. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199737208.003.0002
  • Joinson, A. N., & Paine, C. B. (2007). Self-disclosure, privacy and the Internet. The Oxford handbook of Internet psychology, 2374252. Retrieved January 22, 2013, from http://www.york.ac.uk/res/e-society/projects/15/PRISD_report2.pdf
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  • Murphy, L., Parnass, P., Mitchell, L., Hallett, R., Cayley P., & Seagram, S. (2009). Client satisfaction and outcome comparisons of online and face-to-face counselling methods. British Journal of Social Work, 39(4), 627-640. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcp041
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  • Pihlaja, S., Stenberg, J. H., Joutsenniemi, K., Mehik, H., Ritola, V., & Joffe, G. (2018). Therapeutic alliance in guided internet therapy programs for depression and anxiety disorders–a systematic review. Internet Interventions, 11, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2017.11.005
  • Richards, D., & Viganò, N. (2012). Online counseling. Encyclopedia of Cyber Behavior, 3(1), 699-713. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0315-8.ch059
  • Richards, D., & Viganò, N. (2013). Online counseling: A narrative and critical review of the literature. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 69(9), 994-1011. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.21974
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  • Safran, J. D., & Muran, J. C. (2000). Resolving therapeutic alliance ruptures: Diversity and integration. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 56(2), 233-243. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4679(200002)56:2<233: AID-JCLP9>3.0.CO;2-3
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  • Shaw, H. E., & Shaw, S. F. (2006). Critical ethical issues in online counseling: Assessing current practices with an ethical intent checklist. Journal of Counseling & Development, 84(1), 41-53. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2006.tb00378.x
  • Simpson, S. (2001). The provision of a telepsychology service to Shetland: Client and therapist satisfaction and the ability to develop a therapeutic alliance. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 7(1), 34-36. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1357633X010070S114
  • Simpson, S., & Reid, C. L. (2014). Therapeutic alli- ance in videoconferencing psychotherapy: A review. The Australian Journal of Rural Health, 22, 280–299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajr.12149
  • Simpson, S., Richardson, L., Pietrabissa, G., Castelnuovo, G., & Reid, C. (2021). Videotherapy and therapeutic alliance in the age of COVID‐19. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 28(2), 409-421. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2521
  • Soygüt, G. (2004). Bir düzeltici bağlanma ilişkisi olarak psikoterapi: Psikoterapi süreçlerinde bağlanma ve terapötik ittifak. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 7(13), 63-77.
  • Soygüt, G., & Işıklı, S. (2008). Terapötik ittifakın değerlendirilmesi: Terapötik İttifak Ölçeği'nin güvenilirlik ve geçerlik çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 19(4), 398-408.
  • Soygüt, G., & Uluç, S. (2009). Psychometric properties of the Turkish Working Alliance Inventory- Observer Form. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 20(4), 367-375.
  • Sucala, M., Schnur, J. B., Constantino, M. J., Miller, S. J., Brackman, E. H., & Montgomery, G. H. (2012). The therapeutic relationship in e-therapy for mental health: a systematic review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 14(4), e110. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.2084
  • Summers, R. F., & Barber, J. P. (2003). Therapeutic alliance as a measurable psychotherapy skill. Academic Psychiatry, 27(3), 160-165. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ap.27.3.160
  • Tanrıkulu, İ. (2009). Counselors-in-training students’ attitudes towards online counseling. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 1, 785-788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2009.01.140
  • Uslu, B., & Welch, A. (2018). The influence of universities’ organizational features on professorial intellectual leadership. Studies in Higher Education, 43(3), 571-585. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2016.1185774
  • Wagner, B., Horn, A. B., & Maercker, A. (2014). Internet-based versus face-to-face cognitive-behavioral intervention for depression: A randomized controlled non-inferiority trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 152, 113-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2013.06.032
  • Wendt, D., & Shafer, K. (2016). Gender and attitudes about mental health help seeking: Results from national data. Health & Social Work, 41(1), e20-e28. https://doi.org/10.1093/hsw/hlv089
  • Westerman, M. A., & Muran, J. C. (2017). Investigating an approach to the alliance based on interpersonal defense theory. Psychotherapy Research, 27(5), 620-641. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2016.1152407
  • Wind, T.R, Rijkeboer, M., Andersson, G., & Riper, H. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic: The ‘black swan’ for mental health care and a turning point for e-health. Internet Interventions,20(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2020.100317
  • Wu, J. T., Leung, K., & Leung, G. M. (2020). Nowcasting and forecasting the potential domestic and international spread of the 2019-nCoV outbreak originating in Wuhan, China: A modelling study. The Lancet, 395(10225), 689-697. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30260-9
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2013). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri (6. bs.). Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Zhang, J., Wu, W., Zhao, X., & Zhang, W. (2020). Recommended psychological crisis intervention response to the 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia outbreak in China: A model of West China Hospital. Precision Clinical Medicine, 3(1), 3-8. https://doi.org/10.1093/pcmedi/pbaa006
  • Zeren, Ş. G. (2014). Information and communication technology in education of psychological counselors in training. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 6(2), 494-509. http://dx.doi.org/10.15345/iojes.2014.02.019
  • Zeren, Ş. G. (2015). Face-to-face and online counseling: Client problems and satisfaction Yüz yüze ve çevrimiçi psikolojik danışma: Danışanların sorunları ve memnuniyetleri. Education & Science, 40(182), 127-141. http://dx.doi.org/10.15390/EB.2015.4696
  • Zeren, Ş. G. (2017). Therapeutic alliance in face-to-face and online counseling: Opinions of counselor candidates. Journal of Human Sciences, 14(3), 2278-2307. https://doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v14i3.4203
  • Zeren, Ş. G. (2020). Psikolojik danışmada yeni açılımlar ve çevrimiçi psikolojik danışmaya giriş . Ş. G. Zeren (Ed.), Psikolojik danışmada yeni açılımlar ve çevrimiçi psikolojik danışma uygulayıcıları için el kitabı içinde(ss. 2-27). Pegem Akademi.
  • Zeren, Ş. G., Erus, S. M., Amanvermez, Y., Buyruk Genç, A., Yılmaz, M. B., & Duy, B. (2020). An experimental study of online counseling in Turkey: Clients’ subjective well-being. European Journal of Educational Research, 9(2), 825-834. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.9.2.825
  • Zilcha-Mano, S., Dinger, U., McCarthy, K. S., & Barber, J. P. (2014). Does alliance predict symptoms throughout treatment, or is it the other way around? Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 82(6), 931-935. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0035141
  • Zilcha-Mano, S., & Errázuriz, P. (2015). One size does not fit all: Examining heterogeneity and identifying moderators of the alliance–outcome association. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 62(4), 579-591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/cou0000103
  • Zilcha-Mano, S., Muran, J. C., Hungr, C., Eubanks, C. F., Safran, J. D., & Winston, A. (2016). The relationship between alliance and outcome: Analysis of a two-person perspective on alliance and session outcome. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 84(6), 484-496. http://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/ccp0000058
  • Ægisdóttir, S., & Gerstein, L. H. (2009). Beliefs About Psychological Services (BAPS): Development and psychometric properties. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 22(2), 197-219. https://doi.org/10.1080/09515070903157347
  • Ægisdóttir, S., & Einarsdóttir, S. (2012). Cross-cultural adaptation of the Beliefs About Psychological Services Scale (I-BAPS) for Iceland. International Perspectives in Psychology: Research, Practice, Consultation, 1, 236-251. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030854
Toplam 77 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Eğitim Üzerine Çalışmalar
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Gonca Zeren 0000-0002-4904-4085

Seher Merve Erus 0000-0001-5308-3872

Yağmur Amanvermez 0000-0002-5555-193X

Arzu Buyruk Genç 0000-0002-4765-3274

Baki Duy 0000-0002-6082-8518

Proje Numarası 115K429
Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Nisan 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 20 Aralık 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 51 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Zeren, G., Erus, S. M., Amanvermez, Y., Buyruk Genç, A., vd. (2022). Client’s Experiences of Online Counseling: Satisfaction and Therapeutic Alliance. Çukurova Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 51(1), 634-658. https://doi.org/10.14812/cuefd.843542

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