Araştırma Makalesi

The Theopolitical Impact of Shīʿī Narrations on Migrations from Kūfa to Qom in the Early Hijri Period

Cilt: 29 Sayı: 2 15 Aralık 2025
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The Theopolitical Impact of Shīʿī Narrations on Migrations from Kūfa to Qom in the Early Hijri Period

Öz

Throughout history, people have engaged in migration for various political, religious, economic, and social reasons. These migrations, which also occurred in the early centuries of Islam, provide important data about the political, sectarian, and cultural structures of the places left behind and newly settled. It is evident that the population movements observed across Islamic lands were not merely demographic shifts; rather, they produced multifaceted outcomes such as the formation of scholarly circles, the consolidation of sectarian identities, and the reshaping of local social structures. The traditions, bodies of knowledge, and social networks carried by migrating groups became decisive factors in the construction of the religious and cultural identities of the regions to which they relocated. In this context, it is noteworthy that migrations took place from Kūfa, founded by Caliph ʿUmar and distinguished by its Shiʿi identity, to Qom, which, despite having been incorporated into Islamic lands towards the end of the first century AH, quickly became known for its sectarian identity. This research aims to examine the political and sectarian motives behind these migrations from Kūfa to Qom from a theopolitical perspective. This study aims to analyze the decisive role played by population movements occurring particularly between the 2nd and 3rd centuries AH in the transformation of Qom’s socio-religious structure, and to demonstrate how these migrations laid the groundwork for the formation of a Shi‘i identity in the city, its diffusion among the broader society, and Qom’s emergence as an intellectual center.The study analyzed narratives from hadith, tabaqāt, and rijāl sources as its methodology; the imams' encouragement of migration to Qom, the pressures during the Umayyad and Abbasid periods, and the sectarian justifications for migration were evaluated in terms of their content and context. Furthermore, within a historical-sociological framework, the impact of migration on the construction of Qom's identity was examined, and the transmission of narrations within the aforementioned sources was addressed in a comparative manner. Moreover, this analysis demonstrates how these processes transformed local social dynamics and elucidates the role they played in Qom’s development into a center of scholarly and sectarian authority. The results of this research show that migrations from Kūfa to Qom were directly related to political events and, in particular, sectarian affiliations. In the Imamī sources, the sanctification of Qom, the praise of its people and the portrayal of it as a refuge in times of discord were decisive in the legitimization of the migration. Qom rapidly became known as a center of Shiʿi identity thanks to the Shiʿi traditionists and scholars who maintained close ties with the Imams. Moreover, the burial of the Imams’ relatives—most notably Fāṭima Maʿṣūma (d. 201/816), the sister of the eighth Imam, Ali al-Riḍā (d. 203/818)—further consolidated the city’s place in Shiite history. Therefore, this study reveals that migration and narrations functioned as a systematic means of steering in Qom's early Shiite formative process.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Proje Numarası

2022/AP/0013

Kaynakça

  1. Abū ʿAbd Allāh Aḥmad b. Muḥammad Ibn al-Faqīh. al-Buldān. Beirut: ʿĀlam al-Kutub, 1416.
  2. Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Himyārī. al-Rawḍ al-miʿṭār fī khabar al-aqṭār. Bayrūt: Muʾassasat Nāṣir, 1980.
  3. Abū ʿAmr Muḥammad b. ʿUmar al-Kashshī. Maʿrifat al-rijāl. Mashhad: Muʾassasat Nashr Dānishgāh-i Mashhad, 1409.
  4. Aḥmad b. Ali al-Najāshī. Rijāl al-Najāshī. Qom: Muʾassasat al-Nashr al-Islāmī, 1365.
  5. Ahsan Ullah, AKM, et al. “Religion in the Age of Migration”. Politics, Religion & Ideology 23/1 (2022), 62-76. https://doi.org/10.1080/21567689.2022.2057476
  6. Āmilī, Muḥammad ibn Jamāl al-Dīn. al-Lumʿah al-Dimašqiyyah. Qom: Manshūrāt Dār al-Fikr, 1411.
  7. Anderson, Cory. “Religiously Motivated Migration”. The Sociological Quarterly 57/3 (2016), 387 – 414. https://doi.org/10.1111/tsq.12139
  8. Arjomand, Said Amir. “İmamiyye Şiası'nda İmamet Krizi ve Gaybet Kurumu: Sosyo-Tarihi Bir Bakış Açısı”. trans. Ali Avcu. Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi 14/2 (Dec 2010), 535-568.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Hadis

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

15 Aralık 2025

Gönderilme Tarihi

17 Temmuz 2025

Kabul Tarihi

10 Aralık 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2025 Cilt: 29 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA
Oktan, Y. (2025). The Theopolitical Impact of Shīʿī Narrations on Migrations from Kūfa to Qom in the Early Hijri Period. Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi, 29(2), 243-263. https://doi.org/10.18505/cuid.1744688
AMA
1.Oktan Y. The Theopolitical Impact of Shīʿī Narrations on Migrations from Kūfa to Qom in the Early Hijri Period. CUID. 2025;29(2):243-263. doi:10.18505/cuid.1744688
Chicago
Oktan, Yusuf. 2025. “The Theopolitical Impact of Shīʿī Narrations on Migrations from Kūfa to Qom in the Early Hijri Period”. Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi 29 (2): 243-63. https://doi.org/10.18505/cuid.1744688.
EndNote
Oktan Y (01 Aralık 2025) The Theopolitical Impact of Shīʿī Narrations on Migrations from Kūfa to Qom in the Early Hijri Period. Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi 29 2 243–263.
IEEE
[1]Y. Oktan, “The Theopolitical Impact of Shīʿī Narrations on Migrations from Kūfa to Qom in the Early Hijri Period”, CUID, c. 29, sy 2, ss. 243–263, Ara. 2025, doi: 10.18505/cuid.1744688.
ISNAD
Oktan, Yusuf. “The Theopolitical Impact of Shīʿī Narrations on Migrations from Kūfa to Qom in the Early Hijri Period”. Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi 29/2 (01 Aralık 2025): 243-263. https://doi.org/10.18505/cuid.1744688.
JAMA
1.Oktan Y. The Theopolitical Impact of Shīʿī Narrations on Migrations from Kūfa to Qom in the Early Hijri Period. CUID. 2025;29:243–263.
MLA
Oktan, Yusuf. “The Theopolitical Impact of Shīʿī Narrations on Migrations from Kūfa to Qom in the Early Hijri Period”. Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi, c. 29, sy 2, Aralık 2025, ss. 243-6, doi:10.18505/cuid.1744688.
Vancouver
1.Yusuf Oktan. The Theopolitical Impact of Shīʿī Narrations on Migrations from Kūfa to Qom in the Early Hijri Period. CUID. 01 Aralık 2025;29(2):243-6. doi:10.18505/cuid.1744688

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