Yüksek Güçlü, Yüksek Gerilimli Yerleşik EV Şarj Cihazlarında Kullanılan Active-Front-End Doğrultucu Topolojilerinin Performans Kıyaslaması

Öz

Üç fazlı şebekeden beslenen Elektrikli araçlarda (EA'lar) ve plug-in hibrit EV'lerde (PHEA'lar) kullanılan yüksek güçlü yerleşik batarya şarj cihazları genellikle AA-DA ve DA-DA olarak iki aşamalı bir yapıdan oluşur. AA-DA aşaması, active-front-end (AFE) olarak da bilinir. AFE, şebeke gerilimini doğrultup, güç faktörünü düzenleyip ve DA-DA dönüştürücüye sabit bir DC-bara gerilimi sağlarken, DA-DA dönüştürücü aşaması, batarya ömrünü uzatmak için şarj algoritmalarını dikkate alarak şarj akımını regüle eder. Bu çalışma, yüksek güçlü yerleşik şarj cihazlarında kullanılabilecek maliyet/performans açısından etkin AFE topolojisinin seçimine odaklanmaktadır. Uygun olan dört farklı AA-DA topolojisi incelenmiştir: (i) 3-fazlı 2-seviyeli doğrultucu, (ii) 3-fazlı, 3-seviyeli nötr nokta-bağlantılı (NPC) doğrultucu, (iii) 3-fazlı, 3-seviye T tipi doğrultucu ve (iv) Viyana doğrultucu. Bu çalışmada, yukarıda bahsedilen AFE topolojileri PLECS/SpeedFit ortamında simüle edilmiş ve verimlilik, kayıplar, sıcaklık, anahtarlama elemanları sayısı, maliyet ve maliyet/verimlilik ölçütleri açısından karşılaştırılmıştır. Söz konusu topolojilerin performans sonuçları farklı çalışma frekansları altında değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçlar, front-end AA-DA dönüştürücü için en uygun topoloji alternatiflerinin 3 fazlı 2 seviyeli PWM doğrultucu ve Viyana doğrultucu olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. 3 fazlı 2 seviyeli PWM doğrultucu %12 maliyet avantajı, daha az bileşen ve kontrol kolaylığı avantajları ile üstün olmasına rağmen, toplam harmonik bozulma açısından Viyana doğrultucunun biraz gerisinde kalmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Araçüstü batarya şarj cihazı
• Elektrikli araç
• Fişli
• Active-front-end
• Doğrultucu

Performance Benchmarking of Active-Front-End Rectifier Topologies Used in High-Power, High-Voltage Onboard EV Chargers

Öz

High power onboard battery chargers employed in electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid EVs (PHEVs) fed from three-phase mains typically consist of a two-stage structure as AC-DC and DC-DC stages. The AC-DC stage is also known as the active front end (AFE). While the AFE rectifies the mains voltage, maintains the power factor, and provides a constant DC-link voltage to the DC-DC converter, the DC-DC converter stage regulates the charging current considering the charging algorithms in order to extend the battery service life. This study focuses on the selection of cost/performance effective AFE topology that can be used in high power onboard chargers. Four different suitable AC-DC topologies are investigated: (i) 3-phase 2-level rectifier, (ii) 3-phase, 3-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) rectifier, (iii) 3-phase, 3-level T-type rectifier, and (iv) Vienna rectifier. In this study, the aforementioned AFE topologies have been simulated on the PLECS/SpeedFit environment and compared in terms of efficiency, losses, temperature, the number of switching elements, cost and cost/efficiency metrics. The performance results of the aforementioned topologies have been evaluated under different operating frequencies. The results reveal that the most suitable topology alternatives for the front-end AC-DC converter are 3-phase 2-level PWM rectifier and Vienna rectifier. Although the 3-phase 2-level PWM rectifier is superior with its 12% cost advantage, fewer components, and ease of control advantages, it lags a little behind the Vienna rectifier in terms of total harmonic distortion.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Onboard battery charger
• Electric vehicle
• Plug-in
• Active front end
• rectifier

Kaynakça

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