In Vitro Koşullarda Geliştirilen Jojoba Kallus Yağından Biyodizel Üretimi ve Jojoba Biyodizeli ile Karşılaştırılması

Öz

Bu çalışmada doğrudan jojoba [Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneider] yağından ve laboratuvar koşullarında elde edilen jojoba yağından üretilmiş olan biyodizellerin karakteristikleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla sokslet yöntemi ile jojoba endosperm yağı ve jojoba endospermi kalluslarından üretilmiş yağ ekstrakte edilmiştir. Biyodizel üretimi için transesterifikasyon yönteminden faydalanılmıştır. Doğrudan jojoba endosperminden üretilen ve laboratuvar koşullarında geliştirilen jojoba endosperm kalluslarından üretilen yağlardan elde edilen biyodizel örneklerinin yakıt karakteristiklerinin birbirine çok yakın olduğu, vizkosite ve donma noktası dışında standartlara uygun olduğu görülmüştür. Bu çalışma biyodizelin geniş kullanım alanı elde etmesindeki en önemli sorun olan ham madde sorununa, çevresel ve ekonomik açılardan bir çözüm önerisi niteliğindedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bitki doku kültürü
• Kallus
• Biyodizel
• Transesterifikasyon
• Jojoba

Production of Biodiesel from in Vitro Grown Jojoba Calli Oil and a Comparison with Jojoba Biodiesel

Öz

In this study, the fuel characteristics of biodiesel produced from jojoba [Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneider] oil and biodiesel obtained from the jojoba oil procured under laboratory conditions were compared. For this purpose, jojoba seed endosperm and oil, which was attained from the jojoba endosperm calli via soxhlet extraction, was obtained. Biodiesel was produced from this oil via the transesterification method. It was determined that the fuel characteristics of the biodiesels produced from the oil procured under the laboratory conditions and the oil attained from the seeds were close to each other, and it was observed that the other features were in parallel with the standards, except for the viscosity and freeze point. This research study offers a solution for the raw material problem, which is one of the most important obstacles against the widespread use of biodiesel, in terms of environmental and economic aspects.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Plant tissue culture
• Callus
• Biodiesel
• Transesterification
• Jojoba

Kaynakça

1. 1. Gerpen, J.V., 2005. Biodiesel Processing and Production. Fuel Processing Technology 86, 1097–1107.
2. 2. Demirbaş, A., 2008. Biodiesel Production via Rapid Transesterification. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects, 30(19), 1830–1834.
3. 3. Poddar, T., Jagannath, A., Almansoori, A., 2015. Biodiesel Production Using Reactive Distillation: A Comparative Simulation Study, Energy Procedia, 75, 17-22.
4. 4. Chhetri, A.B., Tango, M.S., Budge, S.M., Watts, K.C., Islam, M.R., 2008. Non-Edible Plant Oils as New Sources for Biodiesel Production, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 9(2),169–180.
5. 5. Saydut, A., Duz, M.Z., Kaya, C., Kafadar, A.B., Hamamci, C., 2008. Transesterified Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Seed Oil as A Biodiesel Fuel, Bioresource Technology, 99(14), 6656–6660.
6. 6. Basha, S.A., Gopal, K.R., Jebaraj, S., 2009. A Review on Biodiesel Production, Combustion, Emissions and Performance, Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 13, 1628–1634.
7. 7. Özcanli, M., Serin, H., Aydin, K., Serin, S., 2011. Ricinus Communis (Castor Oil) Methyl Ester as a Natural Additive for Biodiesel Fuels, Energy Education Science and Technology Part A: Energy Science and Research, 27(2), 331–336.
8. 8. Hoekman, S.K., Broch, A., Robbins, C., Ceniceros, E., Natarajan, M., 2012. Review of Biodiesel Composition, Properties, and Specifications, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16, 143–169.

9. 9. Li-Bing, W., Hai-Yan, Y., Xiao-Hui, H., Rui- Ying, L., 2012. Influence of Fatty Acid Composition of Woody Biodiesel Plants on the Fuel Properties, Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology, 40(4), 397–404.
10. 10. Talebian-Kiakalaieh, A., Amin, N.A.S., Mazaheri, H., 2013. A Review on Novel Processes of Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil, Applied Energy, 104, 683–710.
11. 11. Verma, P., Sharma, M.P., Dwivedi, G., 2016. Impact of Alcohol on Biodiesel Production and Properties, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 56, 319–333.
12. 12. Akdeşir, Ö., 2001. Antalya Koşullarında Tohumdan Yetiştirilen Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis L.) Bitkilerinin Seleksiyonu ve Çoğaltılma Olanaklarının Saptanması Üzerine Araştırmalar, Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Bahçe Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Antalya, 58. (Investigations on Selection and Propagation Opportunities of Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis L.) Plants Grown from Seeds in Antalya Ecology). M.Sc. Thesis, T.C. Akdeniz University Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences.
13. 13. Ayanoğlu, F., 2001. Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis Link. Schneider) ve Türkiye'de Yetiştirilebilme Olanakları III. Jojoba Yağı, Kullanım Alanları ve Ekonomik Önemi. [Jojoba (Simmondsia Chinensis Link. Schneider) and Its Culture in Turkey III. Jojoba Oil, Its Uses and Economical Importance], Anadolu Journal of the Aegean Agricultural Research Institute, 11(1), 103–112.
14. 14. Öztürk, H.H., 2012. Enerji Bitkileri ve Biyoyakıt Üretimi, [Energy Crops and Biofuel Production]. Hasad Yayınevi, İstanbul, Turkey, 272.
15. 15. Aftab, F., Akram, S., Iqbal, J., 2008. Estimation of Fixed Oils from Various Explants and In Vitro Callus Cultures of Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis), Pakistan Journal of Botany, 40(4), 1467–1471.
16. 16. Canoira, L., Alcántara, R., García-Martínez, J., Carrasco, J., 2006. Biodiesel From Jojoba Oil- wax: Transesterification with Methanol and Properties as a Fuel, Biomass and Bioenergy 30, 76–81.
17. 17. Marchetti, J.M., Miguel, V.U., Errazu, A.F., 2007. Possible Methods for Biodiesel Production, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 11, 1300–1311.
18. 18. Shah, M., Tariq, M., Ali, S., Guo, Q., Fu, Y., 2014. Transesterification of Jojoba Oil, Sunflower Oil, Neem Oil, Rocket Seed Oil and Linseed Oil By Tin Catalysts, Biomass and Bioenergy, 70, 225–229.
19. 19. Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A Revised Medium for Rapid Growth and Bioassays with Tobacco Tissue Cultures, Plant Physiology 15, 473-497.
20. 20. Bouaid, A., Bajo, L., Martinez, M., Aracil, J., 2007. Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Jojoba Oil, Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 85(5), 378-382.
21. 21. Aksoy, L., 2010. Alternatif Enerji Kaynağı Olarak Biyodizel ve Üretim Prosesleri [Biodiesel as an Alternative Energy Source and its Production Process], Electronic Journal of Vehicle Technologies, 2(3), 45–52.
22. 22. Singh, S.P., Singh, D., 2010. Biodiesel Production Through the Use of Different Sources and Characterization of Oils and Their Esters as the Substitute of Diesel: A Review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14, 200–216.
23. 23. Yildizhan, Ş., Serin, H., 2015. Biodiesel Production from False Flax (Camelina Sativa) Oil and its Blends with Diesel Fuel, The Journal of MacroTrends in Energy and Sustainability, 3(1), 24–30.
24. 24. Kaya, C., 2006. Bitkisel Yağlardan Biyodizel Üretimi [Biodiesel Production from Vegetable Oils]. M.Sc. Thesis, T.C. Dicle University Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences.
25. 25. Selim, M.Y.E., Haik, Y., Al-Omari, S.A.B., Abdulrahman, H., 2011. Biodiesel Oil Derived from Biomass Solid Waste, Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering, Vol III, London.
26. 26. Selim, M.Y.E., 2009. Reducing the Viscosity of Jojoba Methyl Ester Diesel Fuel and Effects on Diesel Engine Performance and Roughness. Energy Conversion and Management, 50, 1781–1788.
27. 27. Selim, M.Y.E., Radwan, M.S., Saleh, H.E., 2008. Improving the Performance of Dual Fuel Engines Running on Natural Gas/LPG by Using Pilot Fuel Derived from Jojoba Seeds, Renewable Energy, 33, 1173–1185.
28. 28. Selim, M.Y.E., Radwan, M.S., Elfeky, S.M.S., 2003. Combustion of Jojoba Methyl Ester in an Indirect Injection Diesel Engine, Renewable Energy, 28, 1401–1420.
29. 29. Radwan, M.S., Ismail, M.A., Elfeky, S.M.S., Abu-Elyazeed, O.S.M., 2007. Jojoba Methyl Ester as a Diesel Fuel Substitute: Preparation and Characterization, Applied Thermal Engineering, 27, 314–322.
30. 30. Saribiyik, O.Y., Özcanli, M., Serin, H., Serin, S., Aydin, K., 2010. Biodiesel Production from Ricinus Communis Oil and its Blends with Soybean Biodiesel, Strojniski Vestnik-Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 56(12), 811–816.
31. 31. Öğüt, H., Oğuz, H., 2006. Biyodizel: Üçüncü Milenyumun Yakıtı [Biodiesel: The Fuel of Third Millennium]. 2nd ed. Ankara, Turkey: Nobel Yayıncılık, ISBN: 975-591-730-6.
32. 32. Abdel Fatah, M., Farag, H.A., Osman, M.E., 2012. Production of Biodiesel from Non-edible Oil and Effect of Blending with Diesel on Fuel Properties, Engineering Science and Technology: An International Journal, 2(4), 583–591.