Çarpılma Kuvvetleriyle Kaynak Sırasının Optimizasyonu ve Çeşitli Uygulamaların Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 31 Sayı: ÖS1, 123 - 132, 15.08.2016

Yusuf Özçatalbaş

https://doi.org/10.21605/cukurovaummfd.311900

Öz

Bu çalışmada, kompleks kaynaklı birleştirmeli konstrüksiyonların imalat sürecinde ve sonrasında oluşabilecek çarpılmaların belirlenmesi için yeni bir metot geliştirilmiş ve uygulanmıştır. Kaynaklı birleştirme sürecinde çarpılma kuvvetlerinin ölçülmesi esasına dayanan bu yöntemin uygulanması ile karmaşık kaynaklı yapıların kaynak sıralarının (KS) optimizasyonu yapılabilmektedir. Yöntemin esası, rijit bir kafes hücre içerisine yerleştirilmiş konstrüksiyon modeline uygulanan kaynak sıralarının meydana getirdiği çarpılma kuvvetlerinin ölçülmesine dayanır. Üç boyutlu ölçülen kuvvetlerin yönleri ve şiddetlerine bağlı olarak çarpılma eğilimleri belirlenebilir. Çeşitli KS uygulamalarından elde edilen kuvvetlerin sayısal değerleri kullanılarak yapılan analizlerle çarpılma formları oluşturulabilir. Kaynaklı konstrüksiyonlarda en uygun kaynak sıralarının belirlenmesi ve minimum çarpılma/kalıntı gerilme oluşturulması açısından uygun bir metot olarak değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynaklı konstrüksiyon, Çarpılma, Çarpılma kuvvetleri, Kaynak sırası

Optimization of Welding Sequence by Distortion Forces and Evaluation of Some Applications

Öz

In this study, a new method has been developed to determine the distortion tendencies of welded structures, by means of distortion forces, caused by welding process in complex welded structures. During welding process, optimization of complex welding procedures can be done with this method based on measuring of distortion forces. For this purpose, a rigid lattice frame and load cells (LCs), which takes the distortion forces in the welded structures, were designed. Distortions in the some samples, which occur at the welding of connection points, were obtained as forces by means of LCs. Distortion tendencies can be determined depend on direction and intensity of measured forces in 3D space. By using the numerical value of the force obtained from the various welding sequence (WS) applications, representative distortion forms can be created. The method can be used to determine the most appropriate WS and minimal distortion/residual stress in welded structures.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Welded structure, Distortion, Distortion forces, Welding sequence

Kaynakça

• 1. Masubuchi, K., 1980. Analysis of Welded Structures, Oxford, Pergamon Press.
• 2. Deng, D., Hidekazu M. and Yukio U., 2002. Theoretical Prediction of Welding Distortion Considering Positioning and the Gap between Parts, The 12th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers.
• 3. Chakravarti, L., Malik M., and Goldak, J., 1986. Prediction of Distortion and Residual Stresses in Panel Welds. Symposium on Computer Modeling of Fabrication Processes and Constitutive Behavior of Metals, Ottawa, Ontario, pp. 547-561.
• 4. Bibby, M. J., Goldak, J. A., Szyszkowicz, M.S. and Jefferson, I., 1988. Computational Developments in the Watt Transient Microstructure Algorithm. Modeling of Casting and Welding Processes IV, The Metals Society, 81-91.
• 5. Free, A. J. and Goff, R. F. D., 1989. Predicting Residual Stresses in multi-pass Weldments With the Finite Element Method, Computers and Structures, 32(2), 365-378.
• 6. Teckiwal, P. and Mazumder, J., 1991. Transient and Residual Thermal Strain-stress Analysis of GMAW, Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, 113:336-343.
• 7. Watt, D. F., Coon, L. Bibby, M. J., Goldak, J. and Henwwod, C., 1988. An Algorithm for Modeling Microstructural Development in Weld Heat Affected Zones (Part A) Reaction Kinetics, Acta. Metall. 36:3029-3035.
• 8. Oddy, A. S. Goldak, J. A. and McDill, J. M., 2009. Numerical Analysis of Transformation Plasticity in 3D Finite Element Analysis of Welds. European Journal of Mechanics, A/Solids (3):253-263.
• 9. Le Blond, J. B., 1989. Mathematical Modeling of Transformation Plasticity in Steels II: Coupling With Strain Hardening Phenomena, International Journal of Plasticity, 5:573-591.
• 10. Das, S., Upadhya, G. C., Kleinosky, M. J. and Tims, M. L., 1993. Finite Element Modeling of a Single-pass GMA Weldment. Modeling of Casting, Welding and Advanced Solidification Processes VI. pp. 593-600, The Minerals & Metals Society.
• 11. Guangming, F., 2014. Effect of Boundary Conditions on Residual Stress and Distortion in T-joint Welds, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 102, 121-135.
• 12. Guangming, F., 2016. Influence of the Welding Sequence on Residual Stress and Distortion of Fillet Welded Structures, Marine Structures, 46 30-55.
• 13. Bai-Qiao, C., and Soares, C. G., 2016. Effect of Welding Sequence on Temperature Distribution, Distortions and Residual Stress on Stiffened Plates, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 1-12.
• 14. Gannon, L., 2010. Effect of Welding Sequence on Residual Stress and Distortion in Flat-bar Stiffened Plates, Marine Structures, 23.3, 385-404.
• 15. Brown S. B., and Song, H., 1992. Finite Element Simulation of Welding of Large Structures, Journal of Engineering for Industry, 114:441-451.
• 16. Panagiotis, M., and DeBiccari, A., 1997. Prediction of Welding Distortion, Welding Journal-Including Welding Research Supplement , 76.4 172.
• 17. Sikström, F., 2006. 3D-scanning for Weld Distortion Measuring, Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, IMTC2006, Proceedings of the IEEE.
• 18. Hackmair, C., Werner, E. and Pönisch, M., 2003. Application of Welding Simulation for Chassis Components Within the Development of Manufacturing Methods, Computational Materials Science, 28.3 540-547.
• 19. Voutchkov, I., 2005. Weld Sequence Optimization: the Use of Surrogate Models for Solving Sequential Combinatorial Problems, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 194.30, 3535-3551.
• 20. Junqiang, W., 2016. Predicting Distortion in Butt Welded Plates Using an Equivalent Plane Stress Representation Based on Inherent Shrinkage Volume, Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 138.1, 110-112.
• 21. Zargar, S. H., Farahani, M., and Kazem, M., Givi, B., 2015. Numerical and Experimental Investigation on the Effects of Submerged Arc Welding Sequence on the Residual Distortion of the Fillet Welded Plates. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture
• 22. Ozcatalbas, Y., and Vural., H. I., 2009. Determination of Optimum Welding Sequence and Distortion Forces in Steel Lattice Beams, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 209.1 599-604.
• 23. Özçatalbaş, Y., 2008. Kaynaklı Birleştirmeli Konstrüksiyonların Çarpılma Eğilimlerinin Belirlenmesi İçin Deneysel Bir Yaklaşım, Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 23.1, 52-28.