The effect of postpartum afterpain on breastfeeding self-efficacy

Year 2019, Volume: 44 Issue: Supplement 1, 296 - 307, 29.12.2019

Funda Evcili , Didem Kaya

https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.559442

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Purpose: This study was carried out to identify the effect of postpartum afterpain on breastfeeding self-efficacy.

Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive study. The sample consisted of 376 postnatal women who met the criteria for participation in the study. The participants were administered the Personal Information Form, The Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire, The Short-Form Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale. 

Results: The mean total score received from the breastfeeding self-efficacy by the postpartum women was found to be 36.88±8.54 (min:14, max:70). The mean scores of the sensory and affective pain, total pain intensity, and visual analoque scale were found to be 33.53±4.18 (min:0, max:45), 2.60±1.39 (min:0, max:5), 6.23±1.91 (min:0, max:10), respectively. In this study, the breastfeeding self-efficacy was found to be higher in the women who were 35 years and over, found their social support adequate, planned their current pregnancy, received prenatal care, expressed their willingness to breastfeed, had no breastfeeding problem. The self-efficacy of breastfeeding is low for women who experienced postpartum abdominal pain, who described the frequency of pain as ‘continuous, continuous and constant’, and who stated that they needed analgesia. A statistically significant negative correlation was determined between the postpartum women’s breastfeeding self-efficacy scores and their postpartum afterpain scores. The postpartum women with afterpain were found to have low levels of breastfeeding self-efficacy.

Conclusion: Postpartum pain negatively affects breastfeeding self-efficacy. Controlling pain contributes to the effective implementation of the breastfeeding process. 

Keywords

Postpartum, Uterine Contraction, Afterpain, Breastfeeding, Self-Efficacy

Postpartum ağrının emzirme öz-yeterliliğine etkisi

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma, postpartum ağrının emzirme öz-yeterliliği üzerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu tanımlayıcı bir çalışmadır. Örnekleme, araştırmaya katılım kriterlerini karşılayan 376 postpartum kadın alınmıştır. Veriler, Kişisel Bilgi Formu, McGill Ağrı Anketi, Emzirme Öz-Yeterlilik Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır.

Bulgular: Doğum sonrası kadınların emzirmenin öz yeterliliği toplam puan ortalaması 36.88 ± 8.54 olarak bulunmuştur (min: 14, max: 70). Kadınların duyusal ve afektif ağrı, toplam ağrı şiddeti ve görsel analog ölçek puan ortalamaları sırasıyla 33.53 ± 4.18 (min:0, max:45), 2.60 ± 1.39 (min: 0, max: 5), 6.23 ± 1.91 (min: 0, max: 10)’dir. 35 yaş ve üzerinde olan, sosyal desteklerini yeterli bulan, mevcut gebeliği planlı, prenatal bakım alan, emzirme konusunda “istekli” olduğunu ifade eden, anne sütü ve emzirme ile ilişkili kendi bilgi düzeyini “yeterli” bulan, emzirme problemi yaşamayan kadınların emzirme özyeterliliği yüksekti. Ağrı yerini “abdominal bölge” olarak tanımlayan, ağrı sıklığını “devamlı, sürekli, sabit” olarak tanımlayan, analjezi uygulamasına gereksinim duyduğunu ifade eden kadınların emzirme özyeterliliği düşük bulunmuştur. Postpartum kadınların emzirme özyeterliliği ile postpartum ağrı yaşama durumları arasında negatif bir korelasyon olduğu, ağrı şiddeti arttıkça emzirme özyeterliliğinin azaldığı belirlenmiştir.

Sonuç: Postpartum ağrı, emzirme özyeterliliğini negatif yönde etkilemektedir. Ağrının kontrol altına alınması, emzirme sürecinin etkili şekilde gerçekleştirilmesine katkı sağlar. 

Keywords

Postpartum, Uterin Kontraksiyon, Afterpain, Emzirme, Özyeterlilik

References

• 1. Holdcroft A, Snidvongs S, Cason A, Doré CJ, & Berkley KJ. Pain and uterine contractions during breast feeding in the immediate postpartum period increase with parity. Pain 2003, 104(3): 589-96.
• 2. Dimitrov A, Nikolov A, Nashar S, Mikhova M, Pavlova E, & Krŭsteva K. Puerperal uterine involution according to the method of delivery. Akush Gynecology 2007; 46(9): 14-8.
• 3. Olayemi O, Omigbodun AA, Obajimi MO, Odukogbe AA, Agunloye AM, & Aimakhu CO. Ultrasound assessment of the effect of parity on postpartum uterine involution. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2002; 22(4): 381-4.
• 4. Lowdermilk DL, & Perry SE. Maternity Nursing 2008; Elsevier. 7th ed. NY. p:455-56.
• 5. Griese M. Pregnancy and childbearing - Afterpains don’t have to be a pain. Retrieved March 10, 2018, from http://www.Suite101.vom/article.cfm/
• 6. Jangsten E, Strand R, Gomez de Freitas EG, Hellström AL, Johansson A, & Bergström S. Womans perception of pain and discomfort after childbirth in Angola. African Journal of Reproductive Health 2003; 9(3): 148-158.
• 7. Namboothiri S, & Viswanath L. Nature and characteristics of after pain among postnatal mothers admitted in a tertiary care hospital in South India. International Journal Of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics And Gynecology 2016; 5(9): 3041-3045.
• 8. Tafazoli M, & Ahmadabadi KM. Assessment of factors affecting afterpain in multiparous women delivered in Mashhad 17-Shahrivar Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health 2014; 2(1): 60-65.
• 9. Kurnaz D, & Hazar HU. Factors affecting the attitudes and achievements of mothers in early postpartum period. Adnan Menderes University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, 2014, Master Thesis, Aydın
• 10. Dennis CL. The breastfeeding self-efficacy scale:psycometric assesment of the short form. JOGNN 2003; 32(6): 734-744.
• 11. Bandura A. Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review 1977; 84(2): 191-215.
• 12. Dennis CL. Theoretical underpinnings of breastfeeding confidence: a self-efficacy framework. Journal of Human Lactation 1999; 15(3): 195-201.
• 13. Blyth R, Creedy DK, Dennis CL, Moyle W, Pratt J, & De Vries SM. Effect of maternal confidence on breastfeeding duration: an application ofbreastfeeding self-efficacy theory. Birth 2002; 29(4): 278-84.
• 14. Oria MO, Ximenes LB, Almeida PC, Glick DF, & Dennis CL. Psychometric assessment of the Brazilian version of the Breastfeeding Self - Efficacy Scale. Public Health Nursing 2009; 26(6): 574-83.
• 15. Burgess M. Easing afterpains: wisdom from the midwives College of Utah. Midwifery Today With International Midwife 2014; (110): 55.
• 16. Melzack R. The Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire. Pain 1987; 30(2): 191-197.
• 17. Bicici B, & Gunes U. The validity and reliability of the Turkish version of short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire in patients with leukemia. Journal of Clinical Nursing 2012; 21(23-24): 3328-3334.
• 18. Tokat MA, & Okumus H. Translation and psychometric assessment of the Breast-feeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form among pregnant and postnatal women in Turkey. Midwifery 2010; 26(1): 101-108.
• 19. Handayani L, Kosnin AM, & Jiar YK. Social support, knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy as predictors on breastfeeding practice. Retrieved July 12, 2018, from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/e4de/fc3b1f9bc7fa1fb71a32d4be917b276826c3.pdf.
• 20. Varaei S, Mehrdad N, & Bahrani N. The relationship between self-efficacy and breastfeeding, Tehran, Iran. Hayat 2009; 15(3): 31-38. 21. Rahmatnejad L, & Bastani F. An investigation of breast feeding self efficacy and its relationship with exclusive breast feeding. Journal of Alborz Health 2012; 1(1): 31-6.
• 22. Hasanpour S, Bani S, Ansari S, & Ebrahimi H. Measuring breastfeeding self–efficacy among pregnant women referred to health centers of Ahvaz. Nursing and Midwifery Journal 2011; 5(19): 47-53.
• 23. Gill SL, Reifsnider E, Mann AR, Villarreal P, & Tinkle MB. Assessing infant breastfeeding beliefs among low-income mexican americans. Journal of Perinatal Education 2004;13(3): 39-50.
• 24. Mosalli R, Abd El-Azim AA, Qutub MA, Zagoot E, Janish M, & Paes BA. Perceived barriers to the implementation of a baby friendly initiative in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Medical Journal 2012; 33(8): 895-900.
• 25. Dadhich JP, & Agarwal RK. Mainstreaming early and exclusive breastfeeding for improving child survival. Indian Pediatrics 2009; 46(1): 11-17.
• 26. Mirghafourvand M, Malakouti J, Mohammad-Alizadeh S, & Faridvand F. Predictors of breastfeeding self-efficacy in Iranian women: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Women’s Health and Reproduction Sciences 2018; 6(3): 380-385.
• 27. Cruz MC, Almeida JA, & Engstrom EM. Adolescents' infant feeding practices in the first year of life. Brazilian Journal of Nutrition 2010; 23(2): 201-10.
• 28. Saied H, Mohamed A, Suliman A, & Al Anazi W. Breastfeeding knowledge, attitude and barriers among Saudi Women in Riyadh. Journal of Natural Sciences Research 2013; 3(12): 6-13.
• 29. Taveras EM, Capra AM, Braveman PA, Jensvold NG, Escobar GJ, & Lieu TA. Clinician support and psychosocial risk factors associated with breastfeeding discontinuation. Pediatrics 2003;112(1 Pt 1):108-115.
• 30. O’Brien M, Buikstra E, & Hegney D. The influence of psychological factors on breastfeeding duration. Journal of Advanced Nursing 2008; 63(4): 397-408.
• 31. Ku CM, & Chow SK. Factors influencing the practice of exclusive breastfeeding among Hong Kong Chinese women: a questionnaire survey. Journal of Clinical Nursing 2010; 9(17-18): 2434-45.
• 32. Nesbitt SA, Campbell KA, Jack SM, Robinson H, Piehl K, & Bogdan JC. Canadian adolescent mothers’ perceptions of influences on breastfeeding decisions: a qualitative descriptive study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2012; 12: 149.
• 33. Baheiraei A, Mirghafourvand M, Charandabi SM, Mohammadi E, & Nedjat S. Health-promoting behaviors and social support in Iranian women of reproductive age: a sequential explanatory mixed methods study. International Journal of Public Health 2014; 59(3): 465-473.
• 34. Barona-Vilar C, Escriba-Aguir V, & Ferrero-Gandia RA. Qualitative approach to social support and breast-feeding decisions. Midwifery 2009; 25(2): 187-194.
• 35. Ericson J, Eriksson M, Hellstrom-Westas L, Hagberg L, Hoddinott P, & Flacking R. The effectiveness of proactive telephone support provided to breastfeeding mothers of preterm infants: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Pediatrics 2013; 13: 73.
• 36. Guimarães CMS, Conde RG, Gomes-Sponholz FA, Oriá MOB, & Monteiro JCS. Factors related with breastfeeding self-efficacy immediate after birth in puerperal adolescents. Acta Paul Enfermagem 2017; 30(1): 109-15.
• 37. Meedya S, Fahy K, & Kable A. Factors that positively influence breastfeeding duration to 6 months: a literature review. Women Birth 2010; 23(4):135-145.
• 38. Uchendu UO, Ikefuna AN, & Emodi IJ. Exclusive breastfeeding the relationship between maternal perception and practice. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice 2009; 12(4): 403- 406.
• 39. Yerby M. Pain in childbearing. Key issues in management. 2000; 1st Edition: Bailliere Tindal, p: 131-140.
• 40. Meier B, Huch R, Zimmerman R, & Mondach VV. Does continuing oral magnesium supplementation until delivery affect labor and puerperium outcome?. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Retrieved June 18, 2018, from http://www. Geburtshilfe.usz.ch.