Artificial Intelligence in Strategic Decision Making: A Systematic Literature Review on Opportunities, Applications, and Challenges

Öz

This study presents a systematic literature review on the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in strategic decision-making, synthesizing insights from 87 peer-reviewed articles published between 2018 and 2025. Drawing on the Resource-Based View, Dynamic Capabilities Theory, and the Technology–Organization–Environment framework, the study investigates how AI contributes to forecasting, resource optimization, and real-time decision-making, while also addressing ethical, technical, and organizational challenges. The findings are organized around four thematic areas: data-informed forecasting and planning, resource allocation efficiency, real-time strategic responsiveness, and implementation barriers such as data privacy, algorithmic bias, and governance issues. The review highlights that while AI offers transformative strategic potential, its successful adoption is contingent upon organizational readiness, leadership, digital maturity, and ethical frameworks. The paper concludes by proposing a research agenda that emphasizes sector-specific strategies, the role of explainable AI, and the inclusion of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in future studies. This review aims to inform scholars, practitioners, and policymakers on the critical enablers and inhibitors of AI integration in strategic contexts.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Artificial Intelligence
• Strategic Decision-Making
• Resource-Based View
• Dynamic Capabilities
• Organizational Readiness
• Digital Strategy

Stratejik Karar Almada Yapay Zeka: Fırsatlar, Uygulamalar ve Zorluklar Üzerine Sistematik Bir Literatür İncelemesi

Öz

Bu çalışma, Yapay Zeka'nın (YZ) stratejik karar almadaki rolü üzerine sistematik bir literatür incelemesi sunmakta ve 2018 ile 2025 yılları arasında yayınlanmış 87 hakemli makaleden elde edilen bilgileri sentezlemektedir. Kaynak Tabanlı Görüş, Dinamik Yetenekler Teorisi ve Teknoloji-Örgüt-Çevre çerçevesinden yararlanan çalışma, YZ'nin tahmin, kaynak optimizasyonu ve gerçek zamanlı karar almaya nasıl katkıda bulunduğunu incelerken, aynı zamanda etik, teknik ve organizasyonel zorlukları da ele almaktadır. Bulgular dört tematik başlık altında sınıflandırılmıştır: veriye dayalı öngörü ve planlama, kaynak tahsisinde etkinlik, stratejik tepkisellikte gerçek zamanlılık ve veri gizliliği, algoritmik önyargılar ve yönetişim sorunları gibi uygulama engelleri. Çalışma, YZ’nin stratejik bağlamda dönüştürücü bir potansiyel taşıdığını ortaya koymakla birlikte, bu potansiyelin etkili biçimde hayata geçirilebilmesinin örgütsel hazırlık düzeyi, liderlik niteliği, dijital olgunluk seviyesi ve etik çerçevelerle doğrudan ilişkili olduğunu vurgulamaktadır. Makale, sektör bazlı stratejilere, açıklanabilir yapay zekânın rolüne ve küçük ve orta ölçekli işletmelerin (KOBİ) gelecekteki çalışmalara dâhil edilmesine odaklanan bir araştırma gündemi önererek sonlanmaktadır. Bu derleme, YZ’nin stratejik bağlamlarda entegrasyonunu etkileyen temel kolaylaştırıcı ve engelleyici unsurlar hakkında akademisyenlere, uygulayıcılara ve politika yapıcılara rehberlik etmeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yapay Zeka
• Stratejik Karar Alma
• Kaynak Tabanlı Bakış Açısı
• Dinamik Yetenekler
• Kurumsal Hazırlık
• Dijital Strateji

Kaynakça

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