“DUYULAN BENİM SESİM AMA KONUŞAN BEN DEĞİLİM”: ETİK VE HUKUKİ TARTIŞMALAR BAĞLAMINDA YAPAY ZEKÂ ÇAĞINDA SES KLONLAMA

Öz

Bir kişinin sesinin yapay zekâ teknolojileriyle kopyalanması, işlenmesi ve sentetik sese dönüştürülmesi süreci olarak tanımlanan ses klonlama, hastalık nedeniyle sesini kaybetmek üzere olan kişilere ya da engelli bireylere kendi sesini kullanma imkânı sunmakta, hayatını kaybeden sanatçıların seslerinin yeniden duyulmasını sağlamakta, pazarlamadan eğlence dünyasına kadar pek çok alanda çeşitli kullanım pratikleri ile gündeme gelmektedir. Bununla birlikte sesin kişinin rızası olmadan kopyalanması ve taklit edilmesi, sanatçıların telif haklarının ihlaline, sesli derin sahtecilik örneklerinin çoğalmasına, dolandırıcılık vakalarının artmasına, seçimler gibi kritik dönemlerde kamuoyunun tercihlerini yönlendirebilecek manipülatif içerik üretiminin yaygınlaşmasına neden olmaktadır. Günümüzde kullanımı yaygın hale gelen ses klonlama teknolojisinin ele alındığı bu çalışmada, ilk olarak yapay zekâ öncesinde bireye özgü olan ve kişiliğin temel bir özelliği olarak konumlandırılan sesin biyometrik veriden sentetik sese dönüşüm süreci ele alınmıştır. Bu çalışmada, nitel doküman analizi tekniğiyle 2018-2025 döneminde yayımlanmış makale, ulusal-uluslararası mevzuat metni ve sektör raporları betimleyici bir yaklaşımla incelenmiştir. “Kişilik hakları”, “telif hakları” ve “manevi haklar”a ilişkin ihlaller ile “sahte ve manipülatif içerik üretimi” kategorileri altında yapılan değerlendirmede ses klonlama ile etik ve hukuki düzenlemelerin teknolojinin gerisinde kaldığı görülmüştür. Ahlaki olmayan ses manipülasyonlarına açık olan bu teknolojiye karşı kapsamlı bir yasal düzenlemenin ve üzerinde uzlaşılmış etik ilkelerin bulunmamasının önemli bir boşluk olduğu değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yapay Zekâ
• Ses Klonlama
• Sentetik Ses

“IT’S MY VOICE, BUT I’M NOT THE ONE SPEAKING”: VOICE CLONING IN THE AGE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF ETHICAL AND LEGAL DEBATES

Öz

Voice cloning, defined as the process of copying, processing, and transforming an individual's voice into synthetic speech through artificial intelligence technologies, offers individuals who are at risk of losing their voice due to illness or disability the opportunity to continue using their own voice. It also enables the voices of deceased artists to be heard again and has gained widespread use across various fields, from marketing to entertainment. However, the unauthorized copying and imitation of voices raises serious concerns regarding copyright infringement, concerning artists, an increase in audio deepfakes, rising fraud incidents, and the proliferation of manipulative content that can influence public preferences, particularly during critical periods such as elections. This study explores the transformation of voice from a unique biometric system into synthetic data, highlighting the ethical and legal gaps surrounding the technology. This study employs the qualitative document analysis technique to examine articles, national and international legislative texts, and industry reports published between 2018 and 2025 using a descriptive approach. The evaluation, conducted under the categories of “violations of personality rights,” “copyright infringements,” and “moral rights,” as well as “production of fake and manipulative content,” reveals that ethical and legal regulations concerning voice cloning lag behind the technological developments. It is concluded that the absence of comprehensive legal regulations and widely accepted ethical principles regarding this technology, which is highly susceptible to unethical manipulations, represents a significant gap.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Artificial Intelligence
• Voice Cloning
• Synthetic Voice

Kaynakça

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