In the late Ottoman period,
the number of orphans, forlorns and vulnerable children seriously increased
owing to the wars and immigration to Anatolia from losted other territories.
Because of these problems, the rates of children abandoned, begged or involved
in crime increased, too. In this case, it was insufficient practised
assistances ongoing for many years. These assistances were made by some individual
or institutional organizations like foundations. In this reason, the various
institutions such as Islahhaneler
(Juvenil Reformatories), Daru’l-Hayri Âlî (Exalted Auspicious Home),
Daru’l-Eytamlar (Orphans’ Home), Darulaceze (Almshouse), Himaye-i Etfal
Cemiyeti (Caring for the Children Community) were established and conducted
activities to care and educate these children as a good person. These
institutions operated not only in Istanbul but also in various provinces of
Anatolia. Kastamonu was among the most important of these provinces. Kastamonu
which was always a center of knowledge and wisdom in Ottoman had been a center
that guides care and educate vulnerable and orphans children too.
In this study, activities related
to caring and educating of orphans and vulnerable children in Kastamonu were
evaluated in terms of the goals of mentioned institutions, their functions, and
their contributions to the society. The prominent features of the institutions
mentioned in the case of Kastamonu are these.
1.
Despite
the current war conditions and economic difficulties, the Ottoman mobilized all
facilities for these children through these institutions.
2.
In
these institutions children’s rights were respected.
3.
These
institutions emphasized vocational education for children's adaptation to
social life and preparation.
The inspections were
continued related to the benefits for orphans, the implementation of
institutions’ internal rules, and the current situation of remaining children.
Vulnerable Children Caring for Orphans Education of Orphan Ottoman State Darüleytam Islahhane
Osmanlı’nın
son döneminde yaşanan savaşlar ve göç sebebiyle sokağa terkedilen, dilenmeye
mecbur bırakılan ve suça karışmış çocuk sayısında artış yaşanmıştır. Yetim,
kimsesiz ve korunmaya muhtaç çocuklar için hem bireysel, hem de vakıflar
aracılığıyla yapılan yardımlar yetersiz kalmıştır. Bu çocukların himaye
edilmeleri ve iyi birer insan olarak yetiştirilmeleri için İstanbul’un yanı
sıra Anadolu’nun farklı vilayetlerinde Islahhaneler,
Daru’l-Hayri Âlî, Daru’l-Eytamlar, Darulaceze, Himaye-i Etfal gibi çeşitli
kurumlar İstanbul ve Anadolu’nun farklı vilayetlerinde kurulmuş ve
faaliyetlerde bulunulmuştur. Kastamonu da bu illerin önemlileri arasındadır.
Osmanlı’da her daim bir ilim ve irfan merkezi olan Kastamonu, aynı zamanda
kimsesiz öksüz ve yetim çocukların himayesi, eğitimi, ekonomiye katkı
sağlamaları konularında öncülük etmiş bir merkez olmuştur. Bu çalışmada genel olarak
sözü edilen kurumların kuruluş amaçları, işleyişleri ve topluma sağladıkları
katkılar ele alınarak Kastamonu’da bu alanda yürütülen faaliyetler
değerlendirilmiştir.
Korunmaya Muhtaç Çocuklar Yetimlerin Himayesi ve Eğitimi Osmanlı Devleti Darüleytam Islahhane
Bölüm | Makaleler |
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Yazarlar | |
Yayımlanma Tarihi | 19 Aralık 2016 |
Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2016 Cilt: 19 Sayı: 50 (19-12-2016) |