Teolojik Bir Disiplin Olarak Maryoloji: Tarihsel Gerçeklikten Teolojik Dogmaya Meryem

Öz

Bu çalışma, Katolik teolojisinin özgün ve sistematik bir alt disiplini olan Maryolojiyi, teolojik düşünce içerisindeki konumu ve diğer dogmatik alanlarla ilişkisi bağlamında incelemektedir. Maryoloji teriminin etimolojik kökeni, tarihsel kullanımı ve bir teolojik disiplin olarak kurumsallaşma aşamaları ele alınmaktadır. Özellikle, yirminci yüzyılda II. Vatikan Konsili öncesi ve sonrasındaki gelişmeler ışığında bu alanın sistematik karakterine özel bir vurgu yapılmaktadır. Maryoloji disiplininin kapsamı belirlenmekte; ayrıca Maryolojinin, Kristoloji, Eklesiyoloji, Eskatoloji ve Antropoloji ile olan çok boyutlu ilişkisi değerlendirilmektedir. Bu disiplinlerarası çerçevede hem Meryem’in Mesih ile olan benzersiz ilişkisi hem de Kilise’nin Annesi ve insanlığın modeli olarak rolü tartışılmaktadır. Makalede, Maryolojinin bağımsız bir teolojik disiplin olarak ele alınmasının hem içeriksel tutarlılık hem de pedagojik sistematiklik açısından gerekli olduğu savunulmakta; kavramsal, tarihsel ve metodolojik temellerine dair kapsamlı bir değerlendirme sunulmaktadır. Çalışmada, Dinler Tarihinin klasik yöntemsel yaklaşımlarından biri olan tarihsel-fenomenolojik yöntem kullanılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Dinler Tarihi
• Maryoloji
• Meryem
• Katolik Teolojisi
• Kristoloji
• Eklesiyoloji
• Antropoloji
• Theotokos

Mariology As A Theological Discipline: Mary From Historical Reality To Theological Dogma

Öz

This article examines Mariology, an original and systematic sub-discipline of Catholic theology, within the context of its place in theological thought and its relationship with other dogmatic fields. The etymological origin of the term Mariology, its historical usage, and the stages of its institutionalization as a theological discipline are analyzed. Particular emphasis is given to the systematic character of this field in light of developments before and after the Second Vatican Council in the twentieth century. The scope of the discipline of Mariology is delineated. Furthermore, Mariology’s multifaceted relationship with Christology, Ecclesiology, Eschatology, and Anthropology is evaluated. Within this interdisciplinary framework, both Mary’s unique relationship with Christ and her role as Mother of the Church and model of humanity are discussed. The article argues that treating Mariology as an independent theological discipline is necessary for both substantive coherence and pedagogical systematicity, and it provides a comprehensive account of its conceptual, historical, and methodological foundations. The study employs the historical-phenomenological method, one of the traditional methodological approaches of the History of Religions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• History of Religions
• Mariology
• Mary
• Catholic Theology
• Christology
• Ecclesiology
• Anthropology
• Theotokos

Kaynakça

1. Apollonio, Alessandro M. “Mary Mediatrix of All Graces”. Mariology. ed. Mark Miravalle. USA: A Division of Queenship Publishing, 2007.
2. Aydın, Mehmet. “Kilise”. TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi. C. 26. Ankara: TDV Yayınları, 2002.
3. Burke, Eugene M. “The Beginnings of Scientific Mariology”. Marian Studies 1 (1950).
4. Canisius, Petrus. De Maria Virgine Incomparabili, et dei genitrice sacrosancta. Roma: Excudebat Dauid Sartorius, 1577.
5. Carol, Juniper B. Mariology. Milwaukee: Mediatrix Press, 2018.
6. Carr, Dom Elias. “The Decisive Role of Mary in Catholic Anthropology”, 2008.
7. Carrol, E.R. - Jelly, F.M. “Mariology”. New Catholic Encyclopedia. ed. Berard L. Marthaler. C. 9. New York: Thomson&Gale, 2003.
8. Carroll, Eamon R. “Marian Congresses”. Mariology. ed. Juniper B. Carol. USA: Mediatrix Press, 2018.

9. Connell, Francis J. “Toward a Systematic Treatment of Mariology”. Marian Studies 1 (1950).
10. Donnelly, Malachi J. “The Queenship of Mary During the Patristic Period”. Marian Studies 4 (1953).
11. Dulles, Avery. “Mary Since Vatican II: Decline and Recovery”. Marian Studies 53 (2002).
12. Duygu, Zafer. “Hıristiyanlığın Erken Yüzyıllarındaki İsa Teolojisi Tartışmalarında ‘Dinamik Monarşiyanist’ Akıma Özgü ‘Monoteist’ Kristoloji ve Bunun ‘Ebionit’ Kristolojiyle Mukayesesi”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 31 (Nisan 2018).
13. Flanagan, Donal. “Scheeben ant the Basic Principle of Mariology”. Irish Theological Quarterly 25/10 (1958).
14. Hauke, Manfred. Introduction to Mariology. çev. Richard Chonak. Washington: The Catholic University of America Press, 2021.
15. Hogan, William F. “The Fundamental Principle of Mariology According to the Magisterium”. Marian Studies 10 (1959).
16. Kärkkäinen, Veli‐Matti. An Introductıon to Ecclesiology. Ilinois: InterVarsity Press, 2021.
17. Kochaniewicz, Bogusław. “Specifity and Originality of Pope John Paul II’s Mariology”. Angelicum 2/82 (2005).
18. Lerch, J.R. - Doyle, D.M. “Ecclesiology”. New Catholic Encyclopedia. ed. Berard L. Marthaler. C. 5. New York: Thomson&Gale, 2003.
19. McBrien, Richard P. Catholicism. HarperOne, 1994.
20. Miravalle, Mark. Mariology. USA: Seat of Wisdom Books Queenship Publishing, 2007.
21. Morry, Matthew F. “Mary, Type of the Church: Eschatology Realized (Presidential Address)”. Marian Studies 45 (1994).
22. Naumann. “Mariology at the Beginning of the Third Millennium”. Mariology at the Beginning of the Third Millennium. ed. Kevin Wagner vd. Oregon: Pickwick Publications, 2017.
23. Newman, John Henry. A Letter Addressed to the Rev. E. B. Pusey,D.D.,on. The National Institute for Newman Studies, 2007.
24. Newman, John Henry. Essay on Development of Christian Doctrine. Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press, ts.
25. Nigido, Nicolao. “Summae sacrae Mariologiae”. Summae Sacrae Mariologiae. 05 Mayıs 2024. https://books.google.com.tr/books? id=ce5joF8ykJEC&pg=PT5&hl=tr&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=2#v=onepage&q&f=false
26. O’Carroll, Michael. Theotokos-A Theological Encyclopedia of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Oregon: Wipf and Stock. Publishers, 1982.
27. Paul Mahoney. “The Unitive Principle of Marian Theology”. The Thomist a Speculative Quarterly Review of Theology and Philosophy. ed. The Dominican Fathers of the Province of St. Joseph. Washington: The Thomist Press, 1955.
28. Rahner, Hugo. Our Lady and the Church. çev. Sebastian Bullough. Zaccheus Press, 2004.
29. Roten, Johann G. “Mater Ecclesiae: History, Theology, and Consequences”. Marian Studies 66/5 (2015).
30. Scheeben, M.J. Mariology. çev. M.J. Geukers. London: B. Herder Book, 1946.
31. Shea, George W. “Outline History of Mariology in the Middle Ages and Modern Times”. Mariology. ed. Juniper B. Carol. Milwaukee: Mediatrix Press, 2018.
32. Shirley, Edward L. The Relationship Between Christology and Mariology in the Writings of Karl Rahner. New York: Fordham University, Doktora Tezi, 1990.
33. Shoemaker, Stephen J. Mary in Early Christian Faith and Devotion. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2016.
34. Suarez, Francis. The Dignity and Virginity of the Mother of God. çev. Richard J. O’brien. Indiana: West Baden Springs, 1954.
35. Teacu, Vasile-Răzvan. “The Mariological Anthropology”. 06 Ekim 2024
36. Vollert, Cyril. “The Scientific Structure of Mariology”. Mariology. ed. Juniper B. Carol. USA: Mediatrix Press, 2018.
37. Williams, M.E. “Eschatology”. New Catholic Encyclopedia. ed. Berard L. Marthaler. C. 5. New York: Thomson&Gale, 2003.
38. Vatican (VA). “Fulgens Corona (September 8, 1953)”. 06 Haziran 2024. Erişim 28 Ekim 2025. http://www.vatican.va/content/pius-xii/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-xii_enc_08091953_fulgens- corona.html
39. University of Dayton. “International Marian Research Institute : University of Dayton, Ohio”. 09 Ekim 2024. Erişim 28 Ekim 2025. https://udayton.edu/centers/imri/index.php
40. Vatican (VA). “Lumen gentium”. 06 Haziran 2024. Erişim 28 Ekim 2025. https://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat- ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html
41. Vatican (VA). “Munificentissimus Deus (November 1, 1950)”. 30 Mayıs 2024. Erişim 28 Ekim 2025. http://www.vatican.va/content/pius-xii/en/apost_constitutions/documents/hf_p- xii_apc_19501101_munificentissimus-deus.html
42. Vatican (VA). “Pacem in Terris (April, 11 1963)”. 05 Ekim 2024. Erişim 28 Ekim 2025. http://www.vatican.va/content/john-xxiii/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_j-xxiii_enc_11041963_pacem.html
43. Vatican (VA). “Redemptoris Mater (25 March 1987)”. 03 Ekim 2024. Erişim 28 Ekim 2025. http://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_jp- ii_enc_25031987_redemptoris-mater.html
44. Vatican (VA). “Sacramentum Caritatis: Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation on the Eucharist as the Source and Summit of the Church’s Life and Mission (22 February 2007)”. 10 Eylül 2024. http://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/en/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_ben- xvi_exh_20070222_sacramentum-caritatis.html
45. Vatican (VA). “Signum Magnum (May 13, 1967)”. 12 Eylül 2024. Erişim 28 Ekim 2025. http://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/en/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_p- vi_exh_19670513_signum-magnum.html