Afet Yönetiminde İnsani Yardım Lojistiğinin Kritik Başarı Faktörlerinin Belirlenmesi

Öz

Son zamanlarda yaşanan büyük krizlerin (yangın, deprem, salgın vb.) ardından insani yardım lojistiğinin önemi daha çok anlaşılmıştır. İnsani yardım lojistiğinin başarılı olabilmesi, mağdurların acil ihtiyaçlarının en kısa sürede ve en az kaynakla karşılanabilmesi ile bağlantılıdır. İnsani yardım lojistiğini etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi ve etkilerinin anlaşılması sürecin başarısı açısından önemlidir. Çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de yaşanan afetlerde kayıpları en aza indirmek için gerçekleştirilen kurtarma müdahalelerinde ve yardım malzemelerin dağıtılmasında yardım operasyonları maliyetlerinin büyük bir kısmını oluşturan insani yardım lojistiğinin performansını etkileyen kritik başarı faktörlerinin belirlenmesidir. Yöntem kısmında faktörlerin birbirini etkileme durumu ve birbirlerinden etkilenme derecelerini belirleyerek neden sonuç ilişkilerini açıklayan bulanık DEMATEL kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda literatür yardımıyla oluşturulan 16 kritik başarı faktöründen 8 tanesinin neden grubunda yer alarak afet yönetiminde insani yardım lojistiği sisteminin başarısı üzerinde önemli bir etki gücü olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu faktörlerden koordinasyon ve iş birliği, organizasyon ve sorumluluk bilinci ve raporlama ve bilgi göndermede netliğin en yüksek toplam etkiye ve diğer faktörlerle yüksek derecede ilişkili olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, hükümet, yardım kuruluşları ve ilgili STK’lar için lojistik yönetiminde politika ve stratejilerin oluşturulmasında faydalı olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Afet Yönetimi
• İnsani Yardım Lojistiği
• Kritik Başarı Faktörleri
• Bulanık-DEMATEL

Identifying Critical Success Factors of Humanitarian Aid Logistics in Disaster Management

Öz

After recent major crises (fire, earthquake, epidemic, etc.), the importance of humanitarian aid logistics has been better understood. The success of the humanitarian aid logistics (HAL) depends on meeting the urgent needs of the victims in the shortest time and with the least amount of resources. Identifiying the factors that affecting HAL and understanding their impact is essential to the success of the process. The study aims to determine the critical success factors that affect the performance of the humanitarian aid logistics, which represents a large part of the cost of aid operations in rescue interventions and distribution of aid materials to minimize losses in disasters in Türkiye. In the methodological part, fuzzy DEMATEL was used, which explains the cause-effect relationships by determining the factors that influence each other and the degree to which they are influenced by each other. As a result of the study, it was concluded that 8 of the 16 critical success factors created with the help of the literature were included in the cause group and significantly impacted the success of the humanitarian aid logistics system in disaster management. Among these factors, it was concluded that coordination and cooperation, organizational structure and distribution of responsibilities, and clarity in reporting and sending information were highly correlated with the highest overall impact and other factors. The results obtained can be helpful for the government, charities, and related NGOs in formulating policies and strategies in logistics management.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Disaster Management
• Humanitarian Aid Logistics
• Critical Success Factors
• Fuzzy-DEMATEL

Kaynakça

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