Sinodalite Sinodu Bağlamında Vatikan’ın Kadın, Cinsiyet ve Cinsel İstismar ile İmtihanı

Öz

Roma Katolik Kilisesi çağdaş toplumun da gündeminde olan birtakım güncel problemler ile karşı karşıyadır. Kadınların Kilisedeki yeri, cinsel istismar vakaları ve LGBTQ+ hareketi Vatikan’ın bir anlaşma zemini bulmaya çalıştığı konulardan bazılarıdır. II. Vatikan Konsili sonrasında kurulan Piskoposlar Sinodu’nun 16. Olağan Genel Kurulu “Sinodal bir Kilise İçin: Komünyon, Katılım ve Misyon” teması ile 2021 yılında Papa Francis tarafından başlatılmıştır. Bu süreç çerçevesinde sinodalliğe yönelik konuların yanı sıra bu sorunlara da çözümler aranmaktadır. Sinodalite Sinodu dört yıllık bir süreç olarak tanımlanmış ve tüm inananların sürece katılması sağlanmaya çalışılmıştır. Kadınların ve kendini dışlanmış hissedenlerin dinlenmesine vurgu yapılan Sinod sürecinde kadınların Kilise içinde karar alma süreçlerine aktif bir şekilde katılması, kadınlara diyakozluk yolunun açılması, Kiliseyi zor durumda bırakan cinsel istismar sorununun ele alınması ve LGBTQ+ bireylerin Kilisede hoş karşılanmasına yönelik birtakım hususlar ön plana çıkmıştır. Bu çalışma, Sinodalite Sinodu çerçevesinde üretilen materyallerde bu konular ile ilgili hususları değerlendirerek Vatikan’ın bu hassas konular ile ilgili tutumunu ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sinodalite Sinodu
• Kadın Diyakozlar
• LGBTQ+ ve Katolik Kilisesi
• Cinsel İstismar ve Katolik Kilisesi

The Vatican’s Test Through Women, Gender, and Sexual Abuse in the Context of the Synod on Synodality

Öz

The Roman Catholic Church faces a number of contemporary problems that are also partly global issues. The place of women in the Church, cases of sexual abuse, and the LGBTQ+ movement are some of these current issues for which the Vatican is trying to find a basis for agreement. The 16th Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops was initiated by Pope Francis in 2021 under the theme “For a Synodal Church: Communion, Participation, and Mission.” This Synod is addressing within its scope a number of issues related to synodality, as well as solutions to the aforementioned pressing challenges. The Synod on Synodality is defined as a four-year process that ensures the participation of all the People of God. The Synod is placing particular emphasis on listening to women and those who feel excluded by the Church, and during the Synod a number of issues have stood. As anticipated, some of these issues involve women more actively participating in decision-making processes within the Church, establishing a deaconate for women, addressing the problem of sexual abuse, and welcoming LGBTQ+ individuals into the Church. This study aims to assess the issues raised in the Synod documents and to present the Vatican’s perspective and direction regarding these sensitive challenges.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Synod on Synodality
• women deaconesses
• LGBTQ+ and the Catholic Church
• sexual abuse and the Catholic Church

Kaynakça

1. Aydın, Mahmut, Monologdan Diyaloğa: Çağdaş Hrsitiyan Düşüncesinde Hristiyan-Müslüman İlişkileri (Ankara: Ankara Okulu Yayınları, 2001). google scholar
2. Brockhaus, Hannah, “Pope Francis on women deacons: Holy orders is reserved for men,” 25 October 2023, Catholic News Agency, Accessed 15 November 2023, https://www.catholicnewsagency. com/news/255804/pope-francis-on-women-deacons-holy-orders-is-reserved-for-men. google scholar
3. Buckley, Theodore Alois (Ed.) Canons and Decrees of Council of Trent (London: George Routledge and Co., 1851). google scholar
4. Byrne, Lavinia, Woman at the Altar: The Ordination of Women in the Roman Catholic Church (New York: Continuum, 1999). google scholar
5. “Canonical Codes Concerning The Synod,” General Secretariat of the Synod, accessed 06 October 2023, http://secretariat.synod.va/content/synod/en/the-synod/canonical-codes-concerning-the-synod.html. google scholar
6. “Catechism of the Catholic Church, Article 92,” The Holy See, accessed 15 October 2023, https:// www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/__PM.HTM#:~:text=92%20. google scholar
7. Çoban, Bekir Zakir, Geçmişten Günümüze Papalık (İstanbul: İnsan, 2020). google scholar
8. de Souza, Father Raymond J., “The Holy Spirit and the Synod on Synodality,” 14 September 2023, National Catholic Register, accessed 25 October 2023, https://www.ncregister.com/commentaries/ the-holy-spirit-and-the-synod-on-synodality. google scholar

9. Farley, Harry, Church of England backs services for gay couples. 17 November 2023, BBC News, Accessed 19 November 2023, https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-67432854. google scholar
10. “Final Documents of the Continental Assemblies,” 2023, Synod 2021 2024, accessed 9 October 2023, https://www.synod.va/en/synodal-process/the-continental-stage/final_document.html. google scholar
11. “Final Documents of the Continental Stage: Africa,” March 2023, Synod 2021 2024, accessed 25 October 2023, 7, 8, https://www.synod.va/content/dam/synod/common/phases/continental-stage/final_document/en-newdoc/Africa-EN.pdf. google scholar
12. “Final Documents of the Continental Stage: Asia,” 16 March 2023, Synod 2021 2024, accessed 25 October 2023, 8, https://www.synod.va/content/dam/synod/common/phases/continental-stage/ final_document/ACAS-Final-Document-16-Mar-2023.pdf. google scholar
13. “Final Documents of the Continental Stage: Europe,” February 2023, Synod 2021 2024, accessed 25 October 2023, 61, https://www.synod.va/content/dam/synod/common/phases/continental-stage/ final_document/Europa_IT_ENG.pdf. google scholar
14. “Final Documents of the Continental Stage: Latin America,” March 2023, Synod 2021 2024, accessed 25 October 2023, 18-19, https://www.synod.va/content/dam/synod/common/phases/continental-stage/final_document/es-doc/07.-AM-LAT_CELAM_230104_SP_DTC_Originale.pdf. google scholar
15. “Final Documents of the Continental Stage: Middle East,” February 2023, Synod 2021 2024, accessed 25 October 2023, 1, https://www.synod.va/content/dam/synod/common/phases/continental-stage/ final_document/EN_Catholic-Churches.pdf. google scholar
16. “Final Documents of the Continental Stage: North America,” January 2023, Synod 2021 2024, accessed 25 October 2023, 4, https://www.synod.va/content/dam/synod/common/phases/continental-stage/ final_document/North-American-Final-Document_EN.pdf. google scholar
17. “Final Documents of the Continental Stage: Oceania,” February 2023, Synod 2021 2024, accessed 25 October 2023, 7, 8, 11, https://www.synod.va/content/dam/synod/common/phases/continental-stage/final_document/en-newdoc/Oceania-EN.pdf. google scholar
18. Franciscus, Pope, “Episcopalis Communio on the Synod of Bishops,” 15 September 2018, The Holy See, accessed 23 October 2023, https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/apost_constitutions/ documents/papa-francesco_costituzione-ap_20180915_episcopalis-communio.html. google scholar
19. Fremantle, Anne, The Papal Encyclicals in Their Historical Context (Newyork, 1956). google scholar
20. Gündüz, Şinasi, Hıristiyanlık (Ankara: İSAM Yayınları, 2019). google scholar
21. Güngör, Ali İsra, Vatikan Misyon ve Diyalog (İstanbul: İlgi Kültür Sanat, 2016). google scholar
22. Grumett, David, “Synods and Conferences,” Ecclesiology 18 (2022): 153-158. google scholar
23. Hanby, Michael, “Synodality and the Spirit of Truth,” August 2023, First Things, accessed 25 October 2023, https://www.firstthings.com/article/2023/08/synodality-and-the-spirit-of-truth. google scholar
24. “Instrumentum Laboris for the First Session of the XVI Ordinary General Assembly,” 2023, Synod 2021 2024, accessed 9 October 2023, https://www.synod.va/content/dam/synod/common/phases/ universal-stage/il/ENG_INSTRUMENTUM-LABORIS.pdf. google scholar
25. John XXIII, Pope, “Ad Petri Cathedram”, 29 June 1959. The Holy See, Accessed 11 February 2024, https://www.vatican.va/content/john-xxiii/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_j-xxiii_enc_29061959_ad-petri.html. google scholar
26. John Paul II, Pope, “Ordinatio Sacerdotalis,” 22 May 1994, The Holy See, Accessed 15 October 2023, https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1994/documents/hf_jp-ii_ apl_19940522_ordinatio-sacerdotalis.html. google scholar
27. Keenan, Marie, Child Sexual Abuse and the Cathoılic Church (New York: Oxford University Press, 2012). google scholar
28. “Katharine Jefferts Schori,” 22 March 2023, Encyclopedia Britannica, Accessed 15 October 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Katharine-Jefferts-Schori. google scholar
29. Kuzelewska, Elzbieta and Marta Michalczuk-Wlizlo, “Same-sex Marriage and the Catholic Church in Europa: Any Chance for Understanding?” Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 66.79 (2021): 267-281. google scholar
30. Lamb, Matthew L., and Matthew Levering, Vatican II: Renewal within Tradition (New York: Oxford University Press, 2008). google scholar
31. “Law of the Church of England Clarification Canon 1992,” 1992, Anglican Church of Australia, Accessed 15 November 2023. https://anglican.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Law_of_the_ Church_of_England_Clarification_Canon_1992.pdf. google scholar
32. “Letter of the XVI Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops to the People of God,” 25 October 2023, Synod 2021-2024, accessed 15 November 2023, https://www.synod.va/en/news/ letter-of-the-xvi-ordinary-general-assembly-of-the-synod-of-bishops-to-the-people-of-god.html. google scholar
33. Lynch, Andrew P., Global Catholicism in the Twenty-first Century (Singapore: Springer, 2018). google scholar
34. Mathews, Shailer, “The Council at Jerusalem,” The Biblical World 33.5 (1909): 337-342. google scholar
35. O’brien, George Dennis, The Churhc and Abortion: A Catholic Dissent (Plymouth: Rowman & Littlefield, 2010). google scholar
36. Olgun, Hakan. Sekülerliğin Teolojik Kurgusu Protestanlık (İstanbul: Milel Nihal, 2019). google scholar
37. Özalp, Mürsel, “Papanın Yanılmazlığı Doktrini ve I. Vatikan Konsili: Taraflar, Tartışmalar ve Ultramontanizmin Zaferi,” KTÜİFD 1.2 (2014). google scholar
38. Paul VI, Pope “Establishing the Synod of Bishops for the Universal Church,” 15 September 1965, The Holy See, accessed 5 October 2023, https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/en/motu_proprio/ documents/hf_p-vi_motu-proprio_19650915_apostolica-sollicitudo.html. google scholar
39. Paul VI, Pope, “Instruction on the Celebration of Synodal Assemblies and on the Activity of the General Secretariat of the Synod of Bishops”, 1 October 2018, General Secretariat of the Synod, accessed 06 October 2023, http://secretariat.synod.va/content/synod/en/the-synod/instruction-on-the-celebration-of-synodal-assemblies-and-on-the-.html. google scholar
40. “Preparatory Document” September 2021, Synod 2021 2024, accessed 9 October 2023, https://www. synod.va/content/dam/synod/common/preparatory-document/pdf-desktop/en_prepa_desktop.pdf. google scholar
41. Pius X, Pope, “Pascendi Dominici Gregis,” 8 September 1907. The Holy See, Accessed 15 October 2023, https://www.vatican.va/content/pius-x/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-x_enc_19070908_ pascendi-dominici-gregis.html. google scholar
42. Rakoczy, Susan, “The ordination of Catholic women as deacons: The state of the question,” HTS Teologiese Studies 76.2 (2020). google scholar
43. Ratzinger, Joseph Cardinal, “Letter to the Bishops of the Catholic Church on the Pastorla Care of Homosexual Persons,” 1 October 1986, The Holy See, accessed 15 October 2023, https:// www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_19861001_ homosexual-persons_en.html. google scholar
44. “Report of the Digital Synod for the Continental Satage” 30 March 2023, Synod 2021-2024, accessed 11 October 2023, 7, https://www.sinododigital.com/english-continental. google scholar
45. “Some Considerations Concerning the Response to Legislative Proposals on the Non-Discrimination of Homosexual Persons,” 24 July 1992, The Holy See, accessed 15 November 2023, https:// www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_19920724_ homosexual-persons_en.html. google scholar
46. “Synod,” 4 Oct. 2023, Encyclopedia Britannica, accessed 5 October 2023, https://www.britannica. com/topic/synod. google scholar
47. Synod 2021 2024, accessed 6 October 2023, https://www.synod.va/en.html. google scholar
48. “Synod Assemblies: Ordinary General - General Extraordinary - Special,” General Secretariat of the Synod, accessed 6 October 2023, http://secretariat.synod.va/content/synod/en/synodal_assemblies. html. google scholar
49. “Synod of Bishops: Synodal Information,” The Holy See, accessed October 2023, https://www. vatican.va/roman_curia/synod/documents/rc_synod_20050309_documentation-profile_en.html. google scholar
50. “Synodal Process,” Synod 2021 2024, accessed 9 October 2023, https://www.synod.va/en/synodal-process.html. google scholar
51. “Vademecum For the Synod on Synodality,” September 2021, Synod 2021 2024, accessed 9 October 2023, https://www.synod.va/content/dam/synod/common/vademecum/en_vade.pdf. google scholar
52. “What is the Synod 21-24,” Synod 2021 2024, accessed 6 October 2023, https://www.synod.va/en/ what-is-the-synod-21-24/about.html. google scholar
53. “Working Document for the Continental Stage,” 24 October 2022, Synod 2021 2024, accessed 10 October 2023, https://www.synod.va/content/dam/synod/common/phases/continental-stage/ dcs/20221025-ENG-DTC-FINAL-OK.pdf. google scholar
54. “XVI Ordinary General Assembly First Session Synthetis Report,” 28 October 2023, Synod 2021 2024, accessed 10 November 2023, https://www.synod.va/content/dam/synod/assembly/synthesis/ english/2023.10.28-ENG-Synthesis-Report.pdf. google scholar