Raylı Taşıtlar İçin Doğrusal Olmayan Vagon-Yolcu Modeli ile Konfor Optimizasyonu ve ISO 2631-1, EN 12299 ve Sperling Kriterlerine Göre Konfor Analizi

Öz

Bu çalışmada, demiryolu taşıtlarında yolcu konforunu taşıt dinamiği ile insan biyomekaniğini bütünleşik biçimde ele alarak değerlendiren 7 serbestlik dereceli doğrusal olmayan bir vagon-biyomekanik modeli geliştirilmiştir. İkincil süspansiyon sistemi, lineer olmayan kübik sertleşme ve sönüm modeli ile temsil edilmiştir. Yolcu ise pelvis, sırt ve baş kütlelerinden oluşan üç katmanlı bir yapıyla modellenmiştir. Ray profilinden kaynaklanan dikey yöndeki uyarım, Federal Demiryolu İdaresi (FRA) Tip 1-6 sınıflarına karşılık gelen güç spektral yoğunluğu (GSY) fonksiyonlarından Shinozuka yöntemiyle 108 km/h sabit hızda elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen doğrusal olmayan hareket denklemleri MATLAB ortamında Runge-Kutta Dormand-Prince 4(5) şemasına (ode45) dayanan değişken adımlı sayısal entegrasyon ile çözülmüştür. Koltuk ve gövdenin dikey yöndeki ivme yanıtları ISO 2631-1, EN 12299 ve Sperling indeksi ile eş zamanlı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Koltuk katılık ve sönüm parametreleri (k_sc, c_sc), biyomekanik çok amaçlı bir maliyet fonksiyonu üzerinden statik çökme ve dinamik strok kısıtları altında optimize edilmiştir. Pasif koltuk modelleme sınırları dahilinde elde edilen optimum değerler k_sc=31,17 kN/m ve c_sc=6380,7 Ns/m olarak belirlenmiştir. Yapılan bu çok amaçlı optimizasyon sayesinde Tip 1 ray profilinde ISO 2631-1 ağırlıklandırılmış RMS koltuk ivmesi %35 azalmış, Tip 2 ve Tip 3 profillerinde güvenli maruziyet süresi sırasıyla 117'den 211'e ve 341'den 663 dakikaya uzamıştır. Ayrıca Sperling İndeksi Tip 1'de 3,233'ten 2,912'ye gerilemiş ve Tip 4-6 ray profillerinde tüm bileşenler ISO 2631-1 sağlık uyarı bölgesinin altında kalmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Raylı taşıt dinamiği
• Biyomekanik titreşim modeli
• Koltuk konfor optimizasyonu
• ISO 2631-1
• EN 12299
• Sperling indeksi

Comfort Optimization Using a Non-Linear Wagon-Passenger Model for Rail Vehicles and Comfort Analysis in Accordance with ISO 2631-1, EN 12299 and the Sperling Criteria

Öz

In this study, a seven degrees of freedom nonlinear railway vehicle-passenger model is developed to evaluate passenger comfort in railway vehicles by integrating vehicle dynamics with human biomechanics. The secondary suspension is represented by a non-linear cubic stiffness and damping model. The passenger is modelled as a three-layer structure comprising pelvis, torso and head masses. The vertical excitation arising from the track profile is obtained at a constant speed of 108 km/h using the Shinozuka method from power spectral density (PSD) functions corresponding to Federal Railway Administration (FRA) Class 1-6. The nonlinear equations of motion are integrated in MATLAB using a variable-step Runge-Kutta Dormand-Prince 4(5) scheme (ode45). Seat and body acceleration responses are evaluated simultaneously using ISO 2631-1, EN 12299 and the Sperling index. Seat stiffness and damping parameters (k_sc, c_sc) are optimized under static deflection and dynamic stroke constraints via a biomechanical multi-objective cost function. The optimal values obtained within the limits of passive seat modelling are determined as k_sc = 31.17 kN/m and c_sc = 6380.7 Ns/m. Using this multi-objective optimization, the ISO 2631-1 weighted RMS seat acceleration is reduced by 35% for the Type 1 rail profile, whilst the safe exposure time is extended from 117 to 211 minutes and from 341 to 663 minutes for the Type 2 and Type 3 profiles, respectively. Furthermore, the Sperling index has decreased from 3.233 to 2.912 for Type 1, and for Type 4-6 rail profiles, all components remain below the ISO 2631-1 health warning threshold.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Railway vehicle dynamics
• Biodynamic vibration model
• Seat comfort optimization
• ISO 2631-1
• EN 12299
• Sperling index

Kaynakça

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