COVID-19 SÜRECİNDE EĞİTİM KURUMLARINDA RİSK YÖNETİMİ
Yıl 2024,
Sayı: 30, 99 - 116, 30.08.2024
Çağla Dikel
,
Canan Albez
Öz
Araştırmanın amacı, COVID-19 sürecinde eğitim kurumlarında risk yönetimini okul ve eğitim yöneticilerinin görüşlerine göre değerlendirmek ve salgın sonrası eğitim kurumlarının kurumsal risk olgunluğunu tespit etmektir. Bu çalışma, karma araştırma desenlerinden gömülü karma desen modelindendir. Araştırmanın nicel ve nitel verileri uygun örnekleme ve maksimum çeşitlilik yaklaşımlarıyla belirlenmiş Erzurum'da görev yapan 526 okul yöneticisinden ve 25 eğitim yöneticisinden elde edilmiştir. Araştırmada nicel veriler için Kurumsal Risk Yönetimi (KRY) Ölçeği, nitel veriler için yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre okulların KRY olgunluk seviyesi 3. seviyededir ve kademeler arasında lise kademesi lehine anlamlı bir farklılık vardır. Yapılan analizlerde kurumsal kültür ve yapının pandemiden etkilendiği, süreçlerin aksadığı, salgının olumsuz durumlarını ortadan kaldırmak için risk yönetimi anlayışıyla bir dizi önlem alındığı, izleme-değerlendirme çalışmaları yapıldığı görülmüştür. Araştırmada ayrıca risk yönetimi sürecinde bazı sorunların yanı sıra yeni fırsatların ortaya çıktığı yöneticilerin risk yönetimi deneyimi kazandıkları ve yapılan çalışmaların kurumsal risk yönetiminin olgunluk kazanmasına etkisi olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Pandemi sürecinden yola çıkarak gelecekte benzer risklerle karşı karşıya kalmamak için okul yöneticilerinin sunduğu öneriler araştırma sonuçları arasında yer almaktadır.
Etik Beyan
Bu çalışmanın, özgün bir çalışma olduğunu; çalışmanın hazırlık, veri toplama, analiz ve bilgilerin sunumu olmak üzere tüm aşamalarından bilimsel etik ilke ve kurallarına uygun davrandığımı; bu çalışma kapsamında elde edilmeyen tüm veri ve bilgiler için kaynak gösterdiğimi ve bu kaynaklara kaynakçada yer verdiğimi; kullanılan verilerde herhangi bir değişiklik yapmadığımı, çalışmanın Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)' in tüm şartlarını ve koşullarını kabul ederek etik görev ve sorumluluklara riayet ettiğimi beyan ederim.
Destekleyen Kurum
ATATÜRK ÜNİVERSİTESİ BİLİMSEL ARAŞTIRMA PROJELERİ
Proje Numarası
SYL-2023-11650
Teşekkür
Atatürk Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Proje Komisyonuna katkılarından ötürü teşekkür ederiz.
Kaynakça
- Adedoyin, O. B., & Soykan, E. (2023). Covid-19 pandemic and online learning: the challenges and opportunities. Interactive learning environments, 31(2), 863-875. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2020.1813180
- Ahlström, B., Leo, U., Norqvist, L., & Isling, P. P. (2020). School leadership as (un) usual. Insights from principals in Sweden during a pandemic. International studies in educational administration, (Common wealth Council for Educational Administration & Management (CCEAM)), 48(2), 35-41.
- Annells, M. (2006). Triangulation of qualitative approaches: Hermeneutical phenomenology and grounded theory. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 56(1), 55-61. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.03979.x
- Beauchamp, G., Hulme, M., Clarke, L., Hamilton, L., & Harvey, J. A. (2021). ‘People miss people’: A study of school leadership and management in the four nations of the United Kingdom in the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 49(3), 375-392. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143220987
- Bozkurt, B., & Aktaş, H. İ. (2022). “COVID-19 Pandemisi Sürecinde Okulu Yönetmek” Olgusuna İlişkin Okul Yöneticilerinin Metaforik Algıları. Yaşadıkça Eğitim, 36(1), 183-197. https://doi.org/10.33308/26674874.2022361361
- Constantia, C., Christos, P., Glykeria, R., Anastasia, A. R., & Aikaterini, V. (2023). The impact of COVID-19 on the educational process: the role of the school principal. Journal of Education, 203(3), 566-573. https://doi.org/10.1177/002205742110325
- Creswell, J. W. (2005). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. Pearson Education.
- Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry & resaerch design: Choosing among five approaches (3rd edition). Sage.
- Daniel, S.J. (2020). Education and the COVID-19 pandemic. Prospects,49, 91–96 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11125-020-09464-3
- Demirdağ, S. (2022). Okul Yöneticilerinin Covid-19 Pandemi Sürecine İlişkin Görüşleri. Trakya Eğitim Dergisi, 12(1), 273-291.
- Drane, C. F., Vernon, L., & O’Shea, S. (2021). Vulnerable learners in the age of COVID-19: A scoping review. The Australian Educational Researcher, 48(4), 585-604. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-020-00409-5
- Drew, S. A., Kelley, P. C., & Kendrick, T. (2006). CLASS: Five elements of corporate governance to manage strategic risk. Business Horizons, 49(2), 127-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2005.07.001
- Feng, Z., Xu, D., & Zhao, H. (2007). Epidemiological models with non-exponentially distributed disease stages and applications to disease control. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology, 69(5), 1511-1536.
- Fotheringham, P., Harriott, T., Healy, G., Arenge, G., & Wilson, E. (2022). Pressures and influences on school leaders navigating policy development during the COVID‐19 pandemic. British Educational Research Journal, 48(2), 201-227
- George, D. and Mallery, M. (2010), Testing Normality Including Skewness and Kurtosis, available at: https://imaging.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/statswiki/FAQ/Simon
- Görmen, M. & Korkmaz, (2017). Kurumsal risk yönetimi (kry) olgunluk düzeyi. Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi (BUSBED), 7(14), 283-310.
- Haeck, C., & Lefebvre, P. (2020). Pandemic school closures may increase inequality in test scores. Canadian Public Policy,46(1), 82-S87.
- Harris, A., & M. Jones. 2020. COVID 19 – School Leadership in Disruptive Times, COVID 19 – School Leadership in Disruptive Times. School Leadership & Management 40 (4), 243–247. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2020.1811479.
- Huber, S. G., & Helm, C. (2020). COVID-19 and schooling: Evaluation, assessment and accountability in times of crises—reacting quickly to explore key issues for policy, practice and research with the school barometer. Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability, 32(2), 237-270.
- Kalyoncu, D. (2013). Risksiz Risk Yönetiminin Alternatif Yolları. [Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Okan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü]. Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
- Kara, M. & Bozkurt, B. (2021). COVID-19 pandemisi sürecinde okul yöneticiliği: Karşılaşılan sorunlar ve çıkarılan dersler. Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 19(2), 1076-1103.
- Kells, L. M. (2021). EducationalAdministrators’ Decision-Making Experiences during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Phenomenological Study (Doctoraldissertation, University of La Verne).
- Korkmaz, G., & Görmen, M. (2022). Kamuda kurumsal yönetim (yönetişim) olgunluk seviyesinin ölçülmesi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 49,191-211.
- Kuhfeld, M., Soland, J., Tarasawa, B., Johnson, A., Ruzek, E., & Liu, J. (2020). Projecting the potential impact of COVID-19 school closures on academic achievement. Educational Researcher, 49(8), 549-565.
- Lancker, W. V., & Parolin, Z. (2020). COVID-19, School closures, and child poverty: A socıal crisis in the making. The Lancet Public Healty, 5(5). doı: http://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30084-0
- Maya, İ. (2016) Teknik lise müdürlerinin döner sermaye işlerinin yönetiminde karşılaştıkları riskler ve yönetme yöntemleri: Ankara örneği. Educational Policy Analysis and Strategic Research, 7(1), 93-109.
- Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı (2016). Risk Değerlendirme Rehberi. https://alasehir.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2019_01/31162907_Risk_DeYerlendirme_Rehberi.pdf
- MEB (Ekim, 2021). MEB'den son iki ayda öğrenci ve öğretmenlere kapsamlı psikososyal eğitim desteği (haberler). https://www.meb.gov.tr/mebden-son-iki-ayda-ogrenci-ve-ogretmenlere-kapsamli-psikososyal-egitim-destegi/haber/24441/tr
- Netolicky, D.M. (2020), School leadership during a pandemic: navigating tensions, Journal of Professional Capital and Community, 5, No. 3/4, pp. 391-395. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPCC-05-2020-0017
- Nyoman Pujawan, I., & Geraldin, L. H. (2009). House of risk: a model for proactive supply chain risk management. Business Process Management Journal, 15(6), 953-967.
- Okilwa, N. S., & Barnett, B. G. (2021). Strategies and Practices of Leading Schools During the Current COVID-19 Crisis. International Studies in Educational Administration (Commonwealth Council for Educational Administration & Management (CCEAM)), 49(3), 61-81.
- Pokhrel, S., & Chhetri, R. (2021). A Literature Review on Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Teaching and Learning. Higher Education for the Future, 8(1), 133-141. https://doi.org/10.1177/2347631120983481
- Rausand, M. (2011). Risk assessment: theory, methods, and applications (Vol. 115). John Wiley & Sons.
- Rebmann, C. G. (2022). School Administrator Decision-Making& Collaboration fortheIn-PersontoDistance Learning Transitionduring COVID-19 (Doctoraldissertation, Columbia International University).
- Reid, D. B. (2022). Suppressingandsharing: How school principals manage stress andanxiety during COVID-19. School Leadership & Management, 42(1), 62-78.
- Shah K, Mann S, Singh R, et al. (August 26, 2020) Impact of COVID-19 on the Mental Health of Children and Adolescents. Cureus 12(8): e10051. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.10051
- Tavşancıl, E. (2002). Tutumların ölçülmesi ve SPSS ile veri analizi (1. baskı). Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
- Thornton, K. (2021). Leading through COVID-19: New Zealand secondary principals describe their reality. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 49(3), 393-409.
https://doi.org/10.1177/174114322098511
- Trkman, P., Stemberger, M. I., & Jaklic, J. (2005). Information Transfer in Supply Chain Management. Issues in Informing Science & Information Technology, 2. 559-573.
- Vaidyanathan, K., & Howell, G. (2007, July). Construction supply chain maturity model–conceptual framework. In Proceedings IGLC, Vol. 15, pp. 170-180.
- WHO (30 Ocak, 2020). https://www.who.int/news/item/30-01-2020-statement-on-the-second-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)
- Wieczorek-Kosmala, M. (2014). Risk management practices from risk maturity models perspective. Journal for East European Management Studies, 19(2), 133-159. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24330969
- Yazıcıoğlu, Y., & Erdoğan, S. (2004). SPSS applied scientific research methods. Detay Publishing.
- Yıldırım, A.,& Şimşek, H. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Seçkin.
- Yılmaz, S. (2022). Okullarda Risk Yönetimi: Risk Değerlendirmeye Yönelik Alternatif Bir Form Geliştirme Çalışması. Eğitim Bilimleri Alanında Uluslararası Araştırmalar XIV, 131.
- Zincirli, M. (2021). School administrators' views on distance education during the COVID-19 pandemic process. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Technology, 9(2), 52-66. https://doi.org/10.52380/mojet.2021.9.2.217
RISK MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS DURING COVID-19
Yıl 2024,
Sayı: 30, 99 - 116, 30.08.2024
Çağla Dikel
,
Canan Albez
Öz
The aim of the research is to evaluate risk management in educational institutions during the COVID-19 process according to the views of school and education administrators and to determine the institutional risk maturity of educational institutions after the pandemic. The method of the research is embedded mixed design from mixed research designs. The quantitative and qualitative data of the study were obtained from 526 school administrators and 25 educational administrators working in Erzurum, who were determined by convenient sampling and maximum diversity approaches. In the study, Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) Scale was used for quantitative data and semi-structured interview form was used for qualitative data. According to the results of the study, the ERM maturity level of the schools is level 3 and there is a significant difference between the between school types in favour of high school level. The analyses showed that the corporate culture and structure were affected by the pandemic, processes were disrupted, a series of measures were taken with a risk management approach to eliminate the negative situations of the pandemic, and monitoring and evaluation studies were carried out. The study also revealed that in the risk management process, new opportunities emerged as well as some problems, managers gained risk management experience and the studies had an impact on the maturity of corporate risk management. Based on the pandemic process, the suggestions offered by school administrators in order not to face similar risks in the future are among the results of the research.
Proje Numarası
SYL-2023-11650
Kaynakça
- Adedoyin, O. B., & Soykan, E. (2023). Covid-19 pandemic and online learning: the challenges and opportunities. Interactive learning environments, 31(2), 863-875. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2020.1813180
- Ahlström, B., Leo, U., Norqvist, L., & Isling, P. P. (2020). School leadership as (un) usual. Insights from principals in Sweden during a pandemic. International studies in educational administration, (Common wealth Council for Educational Administration & Management (CCEAM)), 48(2), 35-41.
- Annells, M. (2006). Triangulation of qualitative approaches: Hermeneutical phenomenology and grounded theory. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 56(1), 55-61. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.03979.x
- Beauchamp, G., Hulme, M., Clarke, L., Hamilton, L., & Harvey, J. A. (2021). ‘People miss people’: A study of school leadership and management in the four nations of the United Kingdom in the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 49(3), 375-392. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143220987
- Bozkurt, B., & Aktaş, H. İ. (2022). “COVID-19 Pandemisi Sürecinde Okulu Yönetmek” Olgusuna İlişkin Okul Yöneticilerinin Metaforik Algıları. Yaşadıkça Eğitim, 36(1), 183-197. https://doi.org/10.33308/26674874.2022361361
- Constantia, C., Christos, P., Glykeria, R., Anastasia, A. R., & Aikaterini, V. (2023). The impact of COVID-19 on the educational process: the role of the school principal. Journal of Education, 203(3), 566-573. https://doi.org/10.1177/002205742110325
- Creswell, J. W. (2005). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. Pearson Education.
- Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry & resaerch design: Choosing among five approaches (3rd edition). Sage.
- Daniel, S.J. (2020). Education and the COVID-19 pandemic. Prospects,49, 91–96 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11125-020-09464-3
- Demirdağ, S. (2022). Okul Yöneticilerinin Covid-19 Pandemi Sürecine İlişkin Görüşleri. Trakya Eğitim Dergisi, 12(1), 273-291.
- Drane, C. F., Vernon, L., & O’Shea, S. (2021). Vulnerable learners in the age of COVID-19: A scoping review. The Australian Educational Researcher, 48(4), 585-604. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-020-00409-5
- Drew, S. A., Kelley, P. C., & Kendrick, T. (2006). CLASS: Five elements of corporate governance to manage strategic risk. Business Horizons, 49(2), 127-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2005.07.001
- Feng, Z., Xu, D., & Zhao, H. (2007). Epidemiological models with non-exponentially distributed disease stages and applications to disease control. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology, 69(5), 1511-1536.
- Fotheringham, P., Harriott, T., Healy, G., Arenge, G., & Wilson, E. (2022). Pressures and influences on school leaders navigating policy development during the COVID‐19 pandemic. British Educational Research Journal, 48(2), 201-227
- George, D. and Mallery, M. (2010), Testing Normality Including Skewness and Kurtosis, available at: https://imaging.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/statswiki/FAQ/Simon
- Görmen, M. & Korkmaz, (2017). Kurumsal risk yönetimi (kry) olgunluk düzeyi. Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi (BUSBED), 7(14), 283-310.
- Haeck, C., & Lefebvre, P. (2020). Pandemic school closures may increase inequality in test scores. Canadian Public Policy,46(1), 82-S87.
- Harris, A., & M. Jones. 2020. COVID 19 – School Leadership in Disruptive Times, COVID 19 – School Leadership in Disruptive Times. School Leadership & Management 40 (4), 243–247. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2020.1811479.
- Huber, S. G., & Helm, C. (2020). COVID-19 and schooling: Evaluation, assessment and accountability in times of crises—reacting quickly to explore key issues for policy, practice and research with the school barometer. Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability, 32(2), 237-270.
- Kalyoncu, D. (2013). Risksiz Risk Yönetiminin Alternatif Yolları. [Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Okan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü]. Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
- Kara, M. & Bozkurt, B. (2021). COVID-19 pandemisi sürecinde okul yöneticiliği: Karşılaşılan sorunlar ve çıkarılan dersler. Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 19(2), 1076-1103.
- Kells, L. M. (2021). EducationalAdministrators’ Decision-Making Experiences during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Phenomenological Study (Doctoraldissertation, University of La Verne).
- Korkmaz, G., & Görmen, M. (2022). Kamuda kurumsal yönetim (yönetişim) olgunluk seviyesinin ölçülmesi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 49,191-211.
- Kuhfeld, M., Soland, J., Tarasawa, B., Johnson, A., Ruzek, E., & Liu, J. (2020). Projecting the potential impact of COVID-19 school closures on academic achievement. Educational Researcher, 49(8), 549-565.
- Lancker, W. V., & Parolin, Z. (2020). COVID-19, School closures, and child poverty: A socıal crisis in the making. The Lancet Public Healty, 5(5). doı: http://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30084-0
- Maya, İ. (2016) Teknik lise müdürlerinin döner sermaye işlerinin yönetiminde karşılaştıkları riskler ve yönetme yöntemleri: Ankara örneği. Educational Policy Analysis and Strategic Research, 7(1), 93-109.
- Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı (2016). Risk Değerlendirme Rehberi. https://alasehir.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2019_01/31162907_Risk_DeYerlendirme_Rehberi.pdf
- MEB (Ekim, 2021). MEB'den son iki ayda öğrenci ve öğretmenlere kapsamlı psikososyal eğitim desteği (haberler). https://www.meb.gov.tr/mebden-son-iki-ayda-ogrenci-ve-ogretmenlere-kapsamli-psikososyal-egitim-destegi/haber/24441/tr
- Netolicky, D.M. (2020), School leadership during a pandemic: navigating tensions, Journal of Professional Capital and Community, 5, No. 3/4, pp. 391-395. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPCC-05-2020-0017
- Nyoman Pujawan, I., & Geraldin, L. H. (2009). House of risk: a model for proactive supply chain risk management. Business Process Management Journal, 15(6), 953-967.
- Okilwa, N. S., & Barnett, B. G. (2021). Strategies and Practices of Leading Schools During the Current COVID-19 Crisis. International Studies in Educational Administration (Commonwealth Council for Educational Administration & Management (CCEAM)), 49(3), 61-81.
- Pokhrel, S., & Chhetri, R. (2021). A Literature Review on Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Teaching and Learning. Higher Education for the Future, 8(1), 133-141. https://doi.org/10.1177/2347631120983481
- Rausand, M. (2011). Risk assessment: theory, methods, and applications (Vol. 115). John Wiley & Sons.
- Rebmann, C. G. (2022). School Administrator Decision-Making& Collaboration fortheIn-PersontoDistance Learning Transitionduring COVID-19 (Doctoraldissertation, Columbia International University).
- Reid, D. B. (2022). Suppressingandsharing: How school principals manage stress andanxiety during COVID-19. School Leadership & Management, 42(1), 62-78.
- Shah K, Mann S, Singh R, et al. (August 26, 2020) Impact of COVID-19 on the Mental Health of Children and Adolescents. Cureus 12(8): e10051. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.10051
- Tavşancıl, E. (2002). Tutumların ölçülmesi ve SPSS ile veri analizi (1. baskı). Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
- Thornton, K. (2021). Leading through COVID-19: New Zealand secondary principals describe their reality. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 49(3), 393-409.
https://doi.org/10.1177/174114322098511
- Trkman, P., Stemberger, M. I., & Jaklic, J. (2005). Information Transfer in Supply Chain Management. Issues in Informing Science & Information Technology, 2. 559-573.
- Vaidyanathan, K., & Howell, G. (2007, July). Construction supply chain maturity model–conceptual framework. In Proceedings IGLC, Vol. 15, pp. 170-180.
- WHO (30 Ocak, 2020). https://www.who.int/news/item/30-01-2020-statement-on-the-second-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)
- Wieczorek-Kosmala, M. (2014). Risk management practices from risk maturity models perspective. Journal for East European Management Studies, 19(2), 133-159. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24330969
- Yazıcıoğlu, Y., & Erdoğan, S. (2004). SPSS applied scientific research methods. Detay Publishing.
- Yıldırım, A.,& Şimşek, H. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Seçkin.
- Yılmaz, S. (2022). Okullarda Risk Yönetimi: Risk Değerlendirmeye Yönelik Alternatif Bir Form Geliştirme Çalışması. Eğitim Bilimleri Alanında Uluslararası Araştırmalar XIV, 131.
- Zincirli, M. (2021). School administrators' views on distance education during the COVID-19 pandemic process. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Technology, 9(2), 52-66. https://doi.org/10.52380/mojet.2021.9.2.217