Some physical and chemical properties of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) seed and fatty acid composition of seed oil

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 31 Sayı: 1, 17 - 24, 02.07.2014

Muharrem Gölükçü , Ramazan Toker Fırat Ayas , Nurtaç Çınar

https://doi.org/10.16882/derim.2014.64310

Cited By: 8

Öz

Edible part and leaves of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) are used as food or medicine to control some diseases because of its antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, anti-hepatotoxic, antiviral, antiulcerogenic and larvicidal effects. Although fruits have considerable amount of seeds, they have not received much attention. In this study, some physical and chemical properties of the seed and also fatty acid composition of seed oil were determined. Oil content of the sample was determined by soxhlet apparatus as 26.10% in dried sample. Fatty acid composition was analyzed by GC-MS and seven fatty acids were identified and their ratios were determined in this seed oil. The main fatty acid was determined as α-eleostearic (45.60%). The other fatty acids were palmitic (3.69%), stearic (28.00%), oleic (12.45%), linoleic (8.90%), arachidic (0.71%) and gadoleic acids (0.65%).

Anahtar Kelimeler

Momordica charantia; Bitter melon; Seed oil

Kudret narı (Momordica charantia L.) tohumunun bazı fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri ile tohum yağının yağ asitleri bileşimi

Öz

Kudret narının meyvesi ve yaprakları antioksidan, antibakteriyel, anti-kanser, anti-hepatotoksik, antiviral, antiülserojenik ve larvisid etkileri dolayısıyla bazı hastalıkların kontrolü için gıda veya ilaç olarak kullanılabilmektedir. Kudret narı önemli oranda çekirdek içermesine rağmen genel olarak değerlendirilmemektedir. Bu çalışmada, kudret narı tohumunun bazı fiziksel ve kimyasal özelliklerinin yanında tohum yağının yağ asidi bileşimi belirlenmiştir. Kudret narı tohumunun yağ içeriği soxhelet cihazı ile tespit edilmiş olup, kurumadde üzerinden %26.10 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen tohum yağının yağ asidi bileşimi GC-MS ile analiz edilmiş ve örnekte yedi farklı yağ asidi bulunduğu saptanmıştır. Örnekte en fazla bulunan yağ asidi α-eleostearik asit (%45.60) olarak tespit edilmiştir. Örnekte bulunan diğer yağ asitleri palmitik (%3.69), stearik (%28.00), oleik (%12.45), linoleik (%8.90), araşidik (%0.71) ve gadoleik (%0.65) asit olmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Momordica charantia; Kudret narı; Tohum yağı

Kaynakça

• Ali, M.A., Sayeed, MA., Reza, M.S., Yeasmin, M.S., & Khan, A.M. (2008). Characteristics of seeds from different varieties of Linn. cultivated in Bangladesh. Czech Journal of Food Sciences , 26(4): 275-283.
• Anonymous (1983). Gıda Maddeleri Muayene ve Analiz Yöntemleri. T.C. Orman ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı, Gıda İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü, Genel Yayın No: 65, Ankara.
• Arora, A., & Chaudhary, S. (2012). Potential source of α-eleostearic acid of Momordica charantia seed oil of arid zone plants of Rajasthan, India. International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences , 2 (2): 59-62.
• Behera, T.K., Behera, S., Bharathi, L.K., John, K.J., Simon, P.W., & Staub, J.E. (2010). Bitter gourd: Botany, horticulture, breedings, pp: 101-141. In: Janick, J., (ed.), Horticultural Reviews, Volume 37, Wiley Blackwell, USA.
• Garces, R. & Mancha, M. (1993). One step lipid extraction and fatty acids methyl esters preperation from tree plant tissues. Analitical Biochemistry , 211: 1391
• Grover, J.K., & Yadav, S.P. (2004). Pharmacological actions and potential uses of Momordica charantia : A Review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology , 93: 123-132. Horax, R., Hettiarachchy, N., Kannan, A., & Chen, P. (2010). Proximate composition and amino acid and mineral contents of Momordica charantia L. Pericarp and seeds at different maturity stage. Food Chemistry , 122: 1111-1115.
• Khan, S.A. (2007). Bitter Gourd ( Momordica charantia ): A potential mechanism in anti-carcinogenesis of colon. World Journal of Gastroenterology , 13 (11): 1761-1762.
• Krishnaiah, D., Sarbatly, R., & Nithyanandam, R. (2011). A review of the antioxidant potential of medicinal plant species. Food and Bioproducts Processing , 89: 217-2
• Kubola, J., & Siriamornpun, S. (2008). Phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of bitter gourd ( momordica charantia l.) leaf, stem and fruit fraction extracts in vitro Food Chemistry , 110: 881-890.
• Li, Q.Y., Liang, H., Chen, H.B., Wang, B., & Zhao, Y.Y. (2007). A new Cucurbitane triterpenoid from Momordica charantia Chinese Chemical Letters , 18: 8438
• Lin, K.W., Yang, S.C., & Lin, C.N. (2011). Antioxidant constituents from the stems, and fruits of Momordica charantia Food Chemistry , 127: 609-614.
• Lucas, E.A., Dumancas, G.G., Smith, B.J., Clarke, S.L., & Arjmandi, B.H. (2010). Health benefits of bitter melon ( Momordica charantia ). pp: 525-549. In: Watson, R.R., Preedy, V.R. (eds.), Bioactive Foods in Promoting Health: Fruit and Vegetables. Academic Press, UK.
• Maiti, R.K., Devi, M.U., Padmavathi, V., Rani, T.S., & Pinero, J.H. (2008). Biochemistry and food value of bitter gourd ( Momordica charantia ). International Journal of Agriculture, Environmentand Biotechnology , 1(4): 236-2
• Meenakshi, N., Vadivel, E., & Kavitha, M. (2007). Response of bitter gourd ( momordica charantia l.) on fruit yield and quality traits as influenced by fertigation levels. Asian Journal of Horticulture , 2 (2): 126-130.
• Mulani, T.G., Musmade, A.M., Kadu, P.P., & Mangave, K.K. (2007). Effect of organic manures and biofertilizers on growth, yield and quality of bitter gourd ( Momordica charantia L.) cv. Phule Green Gold. Journal of Soils and Crops , 17 (2): 258-261.
• Nyam, K.L., Tan, J.P., Lai, O.M., Long, K., & Che Man, Y.B. (2009). Physicochemical properties and bioactive compounds of selected seed oils. LWT-Food Science and Technology , 42: 1396-1403.
• Padmavathi, V., Maiti, R.K., & Rani, T.S. (2009). Therapeutics and food value of bitter gourd. International Journal of Agricture, Environment and Biotechnology , 2(3): 310-314.
• Raja, M., & Shanthi, A. (2009). Stability studies in bitter gourd ( Momordica charantia L.) under different nutrio environments. Asian Journal of Horticulture , 4 (1): 108-1
• Raman, A., & Lau, C. (1996). Anti-diabetic properties and phytochemistry of Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae). Phytomedicine , 2(4): 349-362.
• Tsuzuki, T., Tokuyama, Y., Igarashi, M., & Miyazawa, T. (2004). Tumor growth suppression by α-eleostearic acid, a linolenic acid isomer with a conjugated triene system, via lipid peroxidation. Carcinogenesis , 25 (8): 1417-1425.
• Tuan, P.A., Kim, J.K., Park, N., Lee, S.Y., & Park, S.U. (2011). Carotenoid content and expression of phytoene desaturase genes in bitter melon ( Momordica charantia ). Food Chemistry , 126: 1686-1692.
• Wu, S.J., & Ng, L.T. (2008). Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of wild bitter melon ( Momordica charantia Linn. var. abbreviata Ser.) in Taiwan. LWTFood Science and Technology , 41: 323-330.
• Yuwai K.E., Rao K.S., Kaluwin C., Jones G.P. & Rivett D.E. (1991). Chemical composition of Momordica charantia L. fruits. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 39: 1762–1763.