An Investigation of Research on Teaching Vocational Skills to Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 60, 1303 - 1331, 28.06.2024

Seda Nur Akın , Esra Orum Çattık

https://doi.org/10.53444/deubefd.1424087

Öz

Employment rates of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are low not only compared to their typically developing peers but also compared to other disability groups. It is tough for these individuals to find a job and be sustainably employed. One of the reasons for this difficulty is the limitations in acquiring and demonstrating vocational skills. Unqualified vocational training is seen as a significant barrier to employment for individuals with ASD. Very few individuals with ASD receive qualified vocational training. For this reason, it is important to provide the targeted vocational skills with effective practices during the transition to adulthood and adulthood. In this study, it was aimed to examine the studies in which individuals with ASD were provided with vocational skills using single-subject research designs in terms of descriptive characteristics and design standards. This study is a systematic review study. In the study, 18 studies that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. These studies were analyzed regarding methodological and demographic characteristics and examined regarding What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) design standards. The findings of the study showed that the ages of the participants in the studies ranged from adolescence to adulthood, both technology-supported and evidence-based practices have been emphasized in teaching vocational skills to individuals with ASD in recent years, the vocational skills taught were focused on office skills and store assistant skills, and in most of the studies, the skills were taught in real teaching environments. The findings regarding the design standards show that one of the studies met the design standards, 16 conditionally met the standards, and one study did not meet the standards. In addition, the findings in the literature on the acquisition of vocational skills for individuals with ASD were discussed and recommendations were made.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Autism Spectrum Disorder, vocational skills, employment, systematic review, design standarts

Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Olan Bireylere Meslek Becerilerinin Öğretildiği Araştırmaların İncelenmesi: Sistematik Derleme

Öz

Otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB) olan bireylerin istihdam oranları yalnızca tipik gelişim gösteren akranlarına kıyasla değil, diğer yetersizlik gruplarına kıyasla da düşüktür. Bu bireyler için hem iş bulmak hem de sürdürülebilir şekilde istihdam edilmek oldukça zordur. Bu zorluğun nedenlerinden birisi mesleki becerilerinin edinilmesi ve sergilenmesindeki sınırlılıklardır. Niteliksiz mesleki eğitim OSB'li bireylerin istihdamı önünde önemli bir engel olarak görülmektedir. OSB olan bireylerin çok azı nitelikli bir mesleki eğitim almaktadır. Bu nedenle yetişkinliğe geçiş ve yetişkinlik döneminde hedeflenen mesleki becerilerin etkili uygulamalarla kazandırılması önem arz etmektedir. Araştırmada OSB olan bireylere meslek becerilerinin kazandırıldığı, tek denekli araştırma desenleri kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiş araştırmaları betimsel özellikler ve desen standartları açısından incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışma bir sistematik derleme çalışmasıdır. Çalışmada dâhil etme kriterlerini karşılayan 18 araştırma incelenmiştir. Bu araştırmalar metodolojik ve demografik özellikler bakımından analiz edilmiş ve What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) desen standartları açısından incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın bulguları araştırmalarda yer alan katılımcıların yaşlarının ergenlikten yetişkinliğe kadar oldukça geniş bir aralıkta olduğunu, OSB olan bireylere son yıllarda meslek becerilerinin öğretiminde hem teknoloji destekli hem de kanıta dayalı uygulamalara ağırlık verildiğini, öğretimi yapılan mesleki becerilerin ofis becerileri ve mağaza görevlisi becerileri üzerinde yoğunlaştığını ve araştırmaların birçoğunda becerilerin gerçek öğretim ortamlarında kazandırıldığını göstermektedir. Desen standartlarına ilişkin bulgular ise araştırmaların birisinin desen standartlarını karşıladığını; 16’sının standartları koşullu karşıladığını; bir araştırmanın da standartları karşılamadığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca araştırmada OSB olan bireylere mesleki becerilerin kazandırılmasına ilişkin alan yazındaki bulgular tartışılmış ve önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Otizm spektrum bozukluğu, meslek becerileri, istihdam, sistematik derleme, desen standartları

Kaynakça

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