Araştırma Makalesi
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The Predictive Role of Executive Functions on Social Skills in Preschool Period

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 61, 1729 - 1751, 27.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.53444/deubefd.1376413

Öz

This study aims to examine the predictive role of executive functions on social skills in preschool period. The study group of the study, which was conducted in the correlational research model, consisted of 382 children aged 4-6 years and their parents. In the current study, "Social Skills Assessment Scale" was used to determine children's social skills and "Childhood Executive Functions Inventory" was used to evaluate their executive functions. As a result of the study, it was found that executive functions significantly predicted social skills in preschool period. In the study, it was determined that children's executive functions and social skills were positively and significantly related, and as their executive functions increased, their social skills also increased. In addition, executive functions and social skills scores of girls were higher than boys. Adopting approaches that support executive functions in the experiences that families offer to their children in the preschool period can be an important factor in developing children's social skills. In line with the findings obtained, suggestions were presented to the researchers for future studies.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmed, S. F., Tang, S., Waters, N. E., & Davis-Kean, P. (2019). Executive function and academic achievement: Longitudinal relations from early childhood to adolescence. Journal of Educational Psychology, 111(3), 446.
  • Aksoy, P. & Baran, G. (2020). Okul öncesi donem çocukları için 'sosyal becerileri değerlendirme ölçeği- ebeveyn formu': Bir ölçek uyarlama çalışması. Akdeniz Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 14(31), 314-335.
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  • Amani, M., Koruzhdeh, E., & Taiyari, S. (2019). The effect of strengthening executive functions through group games on the social skills of preschool children. Games for Health Journal, 8(3), 213-219.
  • Anderson, P. (2002). Assessment and development of executivefunction (EF) during childhood. Child Neuropsychology, 8(2), 71-82.
  • Arı, M. & Yaban, E. H. (2016). Okulöncesi dönemdeki çocukların sosyal davranışları: Mizaç ve duygu düzenlemenin rolü. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 31(1), 125-141.
  • Arslan Çiftçi, H., Uyanık, G., & Acar, İ. H. (2020). Çocukluk dönemi yürütücü işlevler envanteri Türkçe formunun 48-72 aylık çocuklar için geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Erken Çocukluk Çalışmaları Dergisi, 4(3), 762-787.
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  • Baker, E. R., Tisak, M. S., & Tisak, J. (2016). What can boys and girls do? Preschoolers’ perspectives regarding gender roles across domains of behavior. Social Psychology of Education, 19, 23-39.
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  • Beyazıt, U. (2019). Okul öncesi dönemdeki çocuklarda öz düzenleme becerisi ve davranış sorunları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Akdeniz Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 13(30), 42-57.
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Okul Öncesi Dönemde Yürütücü İşlevlerin Sosyal Beceriler Üzerindeki Yordayıcı Rolü

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 61, 1729 - 1751, 27.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.53444/deubefd.1376413

Öz

Bu çalışmada okul öncesi dönemde yürütücü işlevlerin sosyal beceriler üzerindeki yordayıcı rolünün incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Korelasyonel araştırma modelinde yürütülen araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 4-6 yaş arası 382 çocuk ve ebeveyni oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada çocukların sosyal becerilerini ölçmek için ‘‘Sosyal Becerileri Değerlendirme Ölçeği’’ ve yürütücü işlevlerini değerlendirmek için ‘‘Çocukluk Dönemi Yürütücü İşlevler Envanteri’’ kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda kız çocuklarının yürütücü işlevler ve sosyal beceri puanları erkek çocuklardan yüksek bulunmuştur. Araştırmada çocukların yürütücü işlevleri ile sosyal becerilerinin pozitif ve anlamlı olarak ilişkili olduğu, yürütücü işlevleri yükseldikçe sosyal becerilerinin de arttığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca okul öncesi dönemde yürütücü işlevlerin sosyal becerileri anlamlı olarak yordadığı tespit edilmiştir. Okul öncesi dönemde ebeveynler ve öğretmenler tarafından yürütücü işlevleri destekleyici programlar ve etkinlikler uygulanması çocukların sosyal becerilerini geliştirmede önemli bir etken olabilir. Elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda gelecekte planlanacak olan çalışmalar için araştırmacılara öneriler sunulmuştur.

Etik Beyan

Okul öncesi dönemde yürütücü işlevlerin sosyal beceriler üzerindeki yordayıcı rolü başlıklı çalışma için Akdeniz Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Bilimsel Araştırma ve Yayın Etiği Kurulu’ndan etik kurul onayı (Evrak Tarih ve Sayısı: 04.04.2023-616000) alınmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmed, S. F., Tang, S., Waters, N. E., & Davis-Kean, P. (2019). Executive function and academic achievement: Longitudinal relations from early childhood to adolescence. Journal of Educational Psychology, 111(3), 446.
  • Aksoy, P. & Baran, G. (2020). Okul öncesi donem çocukları için 'sosyal becerileri değerlendirme ölçeği- ebeveyn formu': Bir ölçek uyarlama çalışması. Akdeniz Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 14(31), 314-335.
  • Aksoy, P. (2014). Hikâye anlatma temelli ve oyun temelli sosyal beceri eğitiminin anasınıfına devam eden çocukların sosyal becerilerine etkisinin incelenmesi. [Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi]. Ankara Üniversitesi.
  • Alduncin, N., Huffman, L. C., Feldman, H. M., & Loe, I. M. (2014). Executive function is associated with social competence in preschool-aged children born preterm or full term. Early Human Development, 90(6), 299-306.
  • Amani, M., Koruzhdeh, E., & Taiyari, S. (2019). The effect of strengthening executive functions through group games on the social skills of preschool children. Games for Health Journal, 8(3), 213-219.
  • Anderson, P. (2002). Assessment and development of executivefunction (EF) during childhood. Child Neuropsychology, 8(2), 71-82.
  • Arı, M. & Yaban, E. H. (2016). Okulöncesi dönemdeki çocukların sosyal davranışları: Mizaç ve duygu düzenlemenin rolü. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 31(1), 125-141.
  • Arslan Çiftçi, H., Uyanık, G., & Acar, İ. H. (2020). Çocukluk dönemi yürütücü işlevler envanteri Türkçe formunun 48-72 aylık çocuklar için geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Erken Çocukluk Çalışmaları Dergisi, 4(3), 762-787.
  • Asamoah, M. K. (2014). Re-examination of the limitations associated with correlational research. Journal of Educational Research and Reviews, 2(4), 45-52.
  • Baker, E. R., Tisak, M. S., & Tisak, J. (2016). What can boys and girls do? Preschoolers’ perspectives regarding gender roles across domains of behavior. Social Psychology of Education, 19, 23-39.
  • Bayanova, L., Popova, R., Veraksa, A., & Bukhalenkova, D. (2022). Executive functions of preschoolers with different levels of cultural congruence. International Journal of Early Years Education, 30(2), 249-260.
  • Beauchamp, M. H., & Anderson, V. (2010). Social: An integrative framework for the development of social skills. Psychological Bulletin, 136(1), 39.
  • Benavides-Nieto, A., Romero-López, M., Quesada-Conde, A. B., & Corredor, G. A. (2017). Basic executive functions in early childhood education and their relationship with social competence. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 237, 471-478.
  • Beyazıt, U. (2019). Okul öncesi dönemdeki çocuklarda öz düzenleme becerisi ve davranış sorunları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Akdeniz Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 13(30), 42-57.
  • Bierman, K. L., & Torres, M. (2016). Promoting the development of executive functions through early education and prevention programs. In J. A. Griffin, P. McCardle, & L. S. Freund (Eds.), Executive function in preschool-age children: Integrating measurement, neurodevelopment, and translational research (pp. 299–326). American Psychological Association.
  • Blair, C., & Raver, C. C. (2015). School readiness and self-regulation: A developmental psychobiological approach. Annual Review of Psychology, 66, 711-731.
  • Boudreau, A. M., Dempsey, E. E., Smith, I. M., & Garon, N. (2018). A novel working memory task for preschoolers: sensitivity to age differences from 3-5 years. Child Neuropsychology, 24(6), 799-822.
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  • Diamond, A. (2013). Executive functions. Annual Review of Psychology, 64, 135-168.
  • Dicataldo, R., Moscardino, U., Roch, M., & Mammarella, I. C. (2023). Inhibitory Control, Social Cognition, and Peer Social Competence among Children with and without a Migration Background in Italy. Education Sciences, 13(7), 651.
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  • Ertabak, Ç. S., Atay, Ç. E., Aral, N., Güneş, L. C., & Tosun, S. (2023). Okul öncesi dönemde oyun becerileri ile sosyal duygusal gelişim arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, (94), 25-38.
  • Ferrier, D. E., Bassett, H. H., & Denham, S. A. (2014). Relations between executive function and emotionality in preschoolers: Exploring a transitive cognition–emotion linkage. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 487.
  • Flouri, E., Ruddy, A., & Midouhas, E. (2017). Maternal depression and trajectories of child internalizing and externalizing problems: the roles of child decision making and working memory. Psychological Medicine, 47(6), 1138-1148.
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  • Garon, N., Smith, I. M., & Bryson, S. E. (2014). A novel executive function battery for preschoolers: Sensitivity to age differences. Child Neuropsychology, 20(6), 713-736.
  • Granvald, V., & Marciszko, C. (2015). Relations between key executive functions and aggression in childhood. Child Neuropsychology, 22(5), 537-555.
  • Gür, Ç., Koçak, N., Demircan, A., Uslu, B. B., Şirin, N., & Şafak, M. (2015). Okulöncesi eğitim kurumlarına devam eden 48-60 ay çocukların sosyal yetkinlik ve davranış değerlendirme durumlarının incelenmesi. Eğitim ve Bilim, 40(180), 13-23.
  • Hajovsky, D. B., Caemmerer, J. M., & Mason, B. A. (2022). Gender differences in children’s social skills growth trajectories. Applied Developmental Science, 26(3), 488-503.
  • Hamamcı, B., Acar, İ. H., & Uyanık, G. (2021). The validity and reliability study of parent report of the childhood executive functioning inventory for preschoolers. Eğitimde Kuram ve Uygulama, 17(2), 1-10.
  • Hughes, C., Foley, S., Browne, W., McHarg, G., & Devine, R. T. (2023). Developmental links between executive function and emotion regulation in early toddlerhood. Infant Behavior and Development, 71, 101782.
  • Hughes, C., White, A., Sharpen, J., & Dunn, J. (2000). Antisocial, angry, and unsympathetic:“Hard-to-manage” preschoolers' peer problems and possible cognitive influences. The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 41(2), 169-179.
  • Holmes, C. J., Kim-Spoon, J., & Deater-Deckard, K. (2016). Linking executive function and peer problems from early childhood through middle adolescence. Journal of abnormal child psychology, 44, 31-42.
  • Imuta, K., Henry, J. D., Slaughter, V., Selcuk, B., & Ruffman, T. (2016). Theory of mind and prosocial behavior in childhood: A meta-analytic review. Developmental Psychology, 52(8), 1192.
  • İlhan-Ildız, G., & Burak, Y. (2023) Okul öncesi çocukların öğrenme güçlüğü erken belirtileriyle yürütücü işlev bozuklukları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. HUMANITAS-Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 11(22), 221-237.
  • Johnson, A., Nelson, J. M., Tomaso, C. C., James, T., Espy, K. A., & Nelson, T. D. (2020). Preschool executive control predicts social information processing in early elementary school. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 71, 101195.
  • Kılınç, N., & Ceylan, Ş. (2016). 5-6 yaş çocuklarının sosyal beceri ve problem davranışları ile oyun davranışları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Kalem Eğitim ve İnsani Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(1), 297-332.
  • Korkut, E. S., & Özyürek, A. (2023). Okul öncesi çocuklarda zorba-kurban davranışları ve sosyal beceriler arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi, 23(58), 157-177.
  • McQuade, J. D., Breaux, R. P., Miller, R., & Mathias, L. (2017). Executive functioning and engagement in physical and relational aggression among children with ADHD. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 45, 899-910.
  • McQuade, J. D., Murray-Close, D., Shoulberg, E. K., & Hoza, B. (2013). Working memory and social functioning in children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 115(3), 422-435.
  • Mileva-Seitz, V. R., Ghassabian, A., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., van den Brink, J. D., Linting, M., Jaddoe, V. W., ... & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2015). Are boys more sensitive to sensitivity? Parenting and executive function in preschoolers. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 130, 193-208.
  • Mulder, H., Verhagen, J., Van der Ven, S. H., Slot, P. L., & Leseman, P. P. (2017). Early executive function at age two predicts emergent mathematics and literacy at age five. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1706.
  • O’Toole, S. E., Monks, C. P., Tsermentseli, S., & Rix, K. (2018). The contribution of cool and hot executive function to academic achievement, learning-related behaviours, and classroom behaviour. Early Child Development and Care.
  • Poland, S. E., Monks, C. P., & Tsermentseli, S. (2016). Cool and hot executive function as predictors of aggression in early childhood: Differentiating between the function and form of aggression. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 34(2), 181-197.
  • Rhoades, B. L., Greenberg, M. T., & Domitrovich, C. E. (2009). The contribution of inhibitory control to preschoolers' social–emotional competence. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 30(3), 310-320.
  • Ribeiro, F., Cavaglia, R., & Rato, J. R. (2021). Sex differences in response inhibition in young children. Cognitive Development, 58, 101047.
  • Roebers, C. M., Röthlisberger, M., Neuenschwander, R., Cimeli, P., Michel, E., & Jäger, K. (2014). The relation between cognitive and motor performance and their relevance for children’s transition to school: A latent variable approach. Human Movement Science, 33, 284-297.
  • Roman, A. S., Pisoni, D. B., & Kronenberger, W. G. (2014). Assessment of working memory capacity in preschool children using the missing scan task. Infant and Child Development, 23(6), 575-587.
  • Schirmbeck, K., Rao, N., & Maehler, C. (2020). Similarities and differences across countries in the development of executive functions in children: A systematic review. Infant and Child Development, 29(1), e2164.
  • Sheikhzakaryaie, N., Nikpour, S., Ameri, Z., & Haghani, H. (2012). Gender differences in social skills of Iranian preschool children. Archives Des Sciences, 65, 291-382.
  • Shimizu, H. (2023). The Impact of Working Memory on the Development of Social Play in Japanese Preschool Children: Emotion Knowledge as a Mediator. Children, 10(3), 524.
  • Shoshani, A. (2024). The roots of compassion in early childhood: Relationships between theory of mind and attachment representations with empathic concern and prosocial behavior. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 242, 105880.
  • Silverman, I. W. (2021). Gender differences in inhibitory control as assessed on simple delay tasks in early childhood: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 45(6), 533-544.
  • Şahin, G., & Ramazan, A. R. I. (2016). Okul öncesi çocukların yürütücü işlevleri ve duygu düzenleme becerileri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Uluslararası Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, (6), 1-9.
  • Şen, B., & Özbey, Ş. (2017). Okul öncesi dönem çocuklarının duygusal zekâ düzeyleri ile akran ilişkileri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Education Sciences, 12(1), 40-57.
  • Tabachnik, B. & Fidel, L. .S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics. Pearson.
  • Tang, Y., Harris, P. L., Zou, H., Wang, J., & Zhang, Z. (2021). The relationship between emotion understanding and social skills in preschoolers: The mediating role of verbal ability and the moderating role of working memory. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 18(4), 593-609.
  • Tanrıverdi, H., & Erarslan, N. (2016). Okul öncesi çocukların sosyal uyum ve beceri düzeyleri ile değer kazanımları arasındaki ilişki. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 5(9), 9-23.
  • Teglasi, H., Caputo, M. H., & Scott, A. L. (2022). Explicit and implicit theory of mind and social competence: A social information processing framework. New Ideas in Psychology, 64, 100915.
  • Thorell, L. B. & Nyberg, L. (2008). The childhood executive functioning inventory (chexı): A new rating instrument for parents and teachers. Developmental Neuropsychology, 33(4), 536-552.
  • Traverso, L., Viterbori, P., & Usai, M. C. (2020). Prosocial behavior: The role of theory of mind and executive functions. Journal of Cognition and Development, 21(5), 690-708.
  • Türkoğlu, D., & Akduman, G. G. (2016). Okul öncesi dönem çocuğu olan babaların babalık rolü algısı ile çocuklarının sosyal becerileri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Karadeniz Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(03), 224-241.
  • Utendale, W. T., & Hastings, P. D. (2011). Developmental changes in the relations between inhibitory control and externalizing problems during early childhood. Infant and Child Development, 20(2), 181-193.
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  • Veraksa, A., Gavrilova, M., & Lepola, J. (2022). Learning motivation tendencies among preschoolers: Impact of executive functions and gender differences. Acta Psychologica, 228, 103647.
  • Wilde, A., Koot, H. M., & van Lier, P. A. (2016). Developmental links between children’s working memory and their social relations with teachers and peers in the early school years. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 44, 19-30.
  • Vuontela, V., Steenari, M. R., Carlson, S., Koivisto, J., Fjällberg, M., & Aronen, E. T. (2003). Audiospatial and visuospatial working memory in 6–13 year old school children. Learning & Memory, 10(1), 74-81.
  • Willoughby, M. T., Magnus, B., Vernon-Feagans, L., Blair, C. B., & Family Life Project Investigators. (2016). Developmental delays in executive function from 3 to 5 years of age predict kindergarten academic readiness. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 50(4), 359-372.
  • Wolfe, C. D., & Bell, M. A. (2007). Sources of variability in working memory in early childhood: A consideration of age, temperament, language, and brain electrical activity. Cognitive Development, 22(4), 431-455.
  • Yağmurlu, B. (2014). Relations among sociocognitive abilities and prosocial behavior. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 23(3), 591-603.
  • Yan, Z., Hong, S., Liu, F., & Su, Y. (2020). A meta‐analysis of the relationship between empathy and executive function. PsyCh journal, 9(1), 34-43.
  • Yurdakul, Y., İlhan Ildız, G., & Ayhan, A. B. (2022). Okul öncesi dönem çocuklarında öz düzenleme becerileri ile prososyal davranışları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, (62), 354-376.
  • Zelazo, P. D., & Carlson, S. M. (2020). The neurodevelopment of executive function skills: Implications for academic achievement gaps. Psychology & Neuroscience, 13(3), 273.
  • Zeng, X., Yang, L., Zhu, X., Zhou, K., Zhang, J., & Yan, Z. (2022). Preschoolers’ executive function boots the development of empathy: one-year cross-lagged panel analysis. Early Child Development and Care, 192(13), 2175-2183.
  • Zeytinoglu, S., Morales, S., Henderson, H. A., & Fox, N. A. (2023). A developmental pathway from early inhibitory control to social connectedness. Research on ;Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, 51(6), 805-817.
  • Ziv, Y. (2013). Social information processing patterns, social skills, and school readiness in preschool children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 114(2), 306-320.
  • Zysset, A. E., Kakebeeke, T. H., Messerli-Bürgy, N., Meyer, A. H., Stülb, K., Leeger-Aschmann, C. S., ... & Jenni, O. G. (2018). Predictors of executive functions in preschoolers: findings from the SPLASHY study. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2060.
Toplam 87 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Okul Öncesi Eğitim, Çocuk Gelişimi Eğitimi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Yeşim Yurdakul 0000-0002-4073-5445

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Eylül 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 15 Ekim 2023
Kabul Tarihi 12 Eylül 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Sayı: 61

Kaynak Göster

APA Yurdakul, Y. (2024). Okul Öncesi Dönemde Yürütücü İşlevlerin Sosyal Beceriler Üzerindeki Yordayıcı Rolü. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Buca Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi(61), 1729-1751. https://doi.org/10.53444/deubefd.1376413