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ANTEBELLUM AMERICAN IDEALISMS AND THEIR DISCONTENTS: MAD SCIENTISTS AND CHANGING MASCULINITIES IN RAPPACCINI'S DAUGHTER AND THE BELL-TOWER

Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1 28 Nisan 2023
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ANTEBELLUM AMERICAN IDEALISMS AND THEIR DISCONTENTS: MAD SCIENTISTS AND CHANGING MASCULINITIES IN RAPPACCINI'S DAUGHTER AND THE BELL-TOWER

Abstract

As America swiftly transformed from being a virgin land of untouched wilderness to an infernal of industrialism, the definition of ‘manhood’ also rapidly changed. Unlike its artisan or aristocratic ancestors, the newly emerged capitalist man in the antebellum period, or in Michael Kimmel’s words the ‘Marketplace Man’ derived his masculine authority from his ability to acquire, accumulate and consume. This newly emerged manhood of antebellum America utilized and disregarded the old conventional ways of being; like a chameleon, it quickly blended into the competitive and mercantile fabric of the Marketplace. Respectively, this article by analyzing two short stories written in the antebellum period, Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Rappaccini’s Daughter (1844) and Herman Melville’s The Bell-Tower (1856), argues that the mad scientist figures in antebellum American literature are not only stereotypes but also masculine sexual personas through which the Marketplace Manhood is allegorized and criticized. In Rappaccini’s Daughter, the newly emerged masculine sexual persona of industrialized America is allegorized through two competitive marketplace mad scientists fervently seeking intelligence and progress. The competitive relationship between these two mad scientists, Rappaccini and Baglioni, deepens as their ravenous desire to eliminate each other becomes a signifier of ultimate manhood. This competitive relationship also demonstrates an emerging paradigm shift in the context of cultural discourses and changing masculinities, underlining the fact that acquisitive individualism became a vital sign of capitalist marketplace masculinity. Herman Melville’s short story The Bell-Tower, on the other hand, delves into the hierarchical relation between the Marketplace Man and the artisan group and also unfolds the technologizing of American society. The phallic tower that the protagonist Bannadonna builds exposes his desire to re-establish his masculine authority while the process of building the bell tower becomes the mechanism through which the capitalist man proletarianizes the artisan group. In short, by using Michael Kimmel’s triadic conceptualization of American Manhood, this article seeks to analyze Hawthorne’s Rappaccini’s Daughter and Melville’s The Bell-Tower in order to demonstrate how mad scientist narratives have enabled writers of the Antebellum era to allegorically respond and then expose the emerging masculinities of their period.

Keywords

Destekleyen Kurum

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Proje Numarası

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Kaynakça

  1. Alexander, S. M. (2003). Stylish hard bodies: Branded masculinity in Men's Health magazine. Sociological perspectives, 46(4), 535-554.
  2. Armengol, J. (2006). Rereading American masculinities: Re-visions of the American myth of self-made manhood in Richard Ford’s fiction. Revista de estudios Norteamericanos, 11, 63-80.
  3. Bates, C. G. (2015).The early republic and antebellum America: An encyclopedia of social, political, cultural, and economic history. Routledge.
  4. Benesch, K. (1997). Technology writ large: The machine body and the text in Melville's shorter narratives. Weber Studies, 14(3), 61-72.
  5. Conser, W. H. (1993). God and the natural world: Religion and science in Antebellum America. University of South Carolina Press.
  6. Fenton, C. A. (1951). "The Bell-Tower": Melville and technology. American Literature, 23(2), 219-232. https://doi.org/10.2307/2921325
  7. Fisher, M. (1966). Melville’s “Bell-Tower”: A Double thrust. American quarterly, 18(2), 200-207. https://doi.org/10.2307/2711182
  8. Franklin, H. B. (1995). Future perfect: American science fiction of the nineteenth century: an anthology. Rutgers University Press.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

-

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

28 Nisan 2023

Gönderilme Tarihi

16 Mart 2023

Kabul Tarihi

26 Mart 2023

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2023 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA
Demirtaş, B., & Coker Korpez, E. (2023). ANTEBELLUM AMERICAN IDEALISMS AND THEIR DISCONTENTS: MAD SCIENTISTS AND CHANGING MASCULINITIES IN RAPPACCINI’S DAUGHTER AND THE BELL-TOWER. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(1), 132-149. https://izlik.org/JA46NJ96MU
AMA
1.Demirtaş B, Coker Korpez E. ANTEBELLUM AMERICAN IDEALISMS AND THEIR DISCONTENTS: MAD SCIENTISTS AND CHANGING MASCULINITIES IN RAPPACCINI’S DAUGHTER AND THE BELL-TOWER. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2023;10(1):132-149. https://izlik.org/JA46NJ96MU
Chicago
Demirtaş, Batıkan, ve Esra Coker Korpez. 2023. “ANTEBELLUM AMERICAN IDEALISMS AND THEIR DISCONTENTS: MAD SCIENTISTS AND CHANGING MASCULINITIES IN RAPPACCINI’S DAUGHTER AND THE BELL-TOWER”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 10 (1): 132-49. https://izlik.org/JA46NJ96MU.
EndNote
Demirtaş B, Coker Korpez E (01 Nisan 2023) ANTEBELLUM AMERICAN IDEALISMS AND THEIR DISCONTENTS: MAD SCIENTISTS AND CHANGING MASCULINITIES IN RAPPACCINI’S DAUGHTER AND THE BELL-TOWER. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 10 1 132–149.
IEEE
[1]B. Demirtaş ve E. Coker Korpez, “ANTEBELLUM AMERICAN IDEALISMS AND THEIR DISCONTENTS: MAD SCIENTISTS AND CHANGING MASCULINITIES IN RAPPACCINI’S DAUGHTER AND THE BELL-TOWER”, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 10, sy 1, ss. 132–149, Nis. 2023, [çevrimiçi]. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA46NJ96MU
ISNAD
Demirtaş, Batıkan - Coker Korpez, Esra. “ANTEBELLUM AMERICAN IDEALISMS AND THEIR DISCONTENTS: MAD SCIENTISTS AND CHANGING MASCULINITIES IN RAPPACCINI’S DAUGHTER AND THE BELL-TOWER”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 10/1 (01 Nisan 2023): 132-149. https://izlik.org/JA46NJ96MU.
JAMA
1.Demirtaş B, Coker Korpez E. ANTEBELLUM AMERICAN IDEALISMS AND THEIR DISCONTENTS: MAD SCIENTISTS AND CHANGING MASCULINITIES IN RAPPACCINI’S DAUGHTER AND THE BELL-TOWER. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2023;10:132–149.
MLA
Demirtaş, Batıkan, ve Esra Coker Korpez. “ANTEBELLUM AMERICAN IDEALISMS AND THEIR DISCONTENTS: MAD SCIENTISTS AND CHANGING MASCULINITIES IN RAPPACCINI’S DAUGHTER AND THE BELL-TOWER”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 10, sy 1, Nisan 2023, ss. 132-49, https://izlik.org/JA46NJ96MU.
Vancouver
1.Batıkan Demirtaş, Esra Coker Korpez. ANTEBELLUM AMERICAN IDEALISMS AND THEIR DISCONTENTS: MAD SCIENTISTS AND CHANGING MASCULINITIES IN RAPPACCINI’S DAUGHTER AND THE BELL-TOWER. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi [Internet]. 01 Nisan 2023;10(1):132-49. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA46NJ96MU